This book focuses on the experience of social dialogue in Turkey, which is a European Union candidate country. It argues that social dialogue constitutes one of the fundamental pillars of European social model and therefore should be analysed not only at the supranational level but also at the national, sectoral and workplace levels. The book critically examines social dialogue processes and mechanisms in Turkey at various levels, with focus on the workplace because it is shaped by socio-cultural elements which contain many variables. The book also identifies the shortcomings and structural impediments of social dialogue, and provides an empirically grounded theoretical explanation of social dialogue in Turkey. In the process, the book explains and clarifies key concepts to help readers grasp important points relevant to social dialogue, and contains interviews with social partners to take into consideration their views and recommendations on social dialogue. These in-depth interviews also provide a rare insight into the dynamics of social dialogue on the ground. By looking at social dialogue at various levels, the book offers a balanced view of its strengths and weaknesses in Turkey. This book is a valuable tool for students, academics and researchers interested in understanding the complex dynamics of social dialogue and workplace relations in Turkey.

This volume provides an in-depth approach to issues and problems currently confronted by multi-national enterprises ("MNEs") and other large foreign investors in China at the beginning of the 21st century. The volume examines legal, business, and strategic issues for foreign investors that are seeking to enter the China market and for those foreign investors already in China and seeking to expand or reorganize their operations. The volume takes an overall approach of the large foreign investor with a long term business plan for China and proposes a basic corporate structure for this investor. The structures involves a series of wholly foreign owned enterprises, joint ventures, and representative offices all under the control and ownership of one or more investment holding companies. Each of the entities in this structure are discussed individually and as part of an overall corporate conglomerate. The volume also examines the protection of intellectual property as a basic corporate business problem that should be part of the initial planning process as the foreign investor makes its initial move into China. Too often protection of intellectual property is not considered to be a priority until violations occur in China. Some prior planning and an emphasis on protecting intellectual property rights can be advantageous and help to avoid the serious problems that can later arise. This volume is written for those business and legal managers who are given heavy responsibilities for managing a China business but who lack a background in China. Because of the great interest in China by many MNEs, many business and legal managers are moving to China or are given additional responsibilities in the US for the MNE's new China operations. Many of these persons are expected to make decisions about a China operation even though they may lack even basic knowledge about the Chinese political, legal, and business environment. This is the first book written by an American lawyer designed to address this need.

Cross-Border Insolvency, fourth edition provides a comprehensive and up to date consideration of the topic of cross-border insolvency. Written in a clear and accessible manner it guides the user seamlessly through this complex area of law. The coverage of the book is divided into two parts. The first part describes the key cross-border insolvency regimes including the EC Insolvency Regulation, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, section 426 of the Insolvency Act 1986, and the common law. The second part focuses on specific issues in more detail, such as the court's insolvency jurisdiction, ancillary winding-up, enforcement of foreign insolvency judgments, foreign discharge of debts and insolvency set-off. The fourth edition gives full analysis of the fundamental changes to cross border insolvency law and practice in England including: The impact of the Supreme Court decision in Rubin v Eurofinance; The revised UK Insolvency Rules; Proposals for revision of the EC Insolvency Regulation; Scope of section 426 - HSBC v Tambrook Jersey; Developments in offshore jurisdictions: Primeo Fund and Saad Investments (Cayman), Re C (BVI); Kelmsley v Barclays Bank PLC. Previous print edition ISBN: 9781845921040

This authoritative treatise on bankruptcy fraud is an invaluable reference book for bankruptcy law practitioners, white-collar criminal lawyers, prosecutors, judges, restructuring professionals, and academicians. Bankruptcy Crimes is the only book extant on the subject and is unique in its dual perspective and analysis of criminality and bankruptcy law.

With the increasing interdependence of global economies, international relations are becoming a more complex system. Through this, the growth of any economy is dependent upon the ease of business transactions; however, in recent times, there has been a growing impact of corporate insolvency law. Corporate Insolvency Law and Bankruptcy Reforms in the Global Economy is an essential reference source that discusses the importance of insolvency laws in the financial architecture of emerging economies, as well as its fundamental issues. Featuring research on topics such as business restructuring, debt recovery, and governance regulations, this book is ideally designed for law students, policymakers, economists, lawyers, and business researchers seeking coverage on the jurisprudence and policy of corporate insolvency law in a globalized context.

This publication represents a collection of scholarly and highly practical chapters prepared by leading experts on banking law. Important changes are taking place in the financial sectors in the Pacific Rim; vital roles are being played by Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taipei. This volume deals with the broad policy issues entailed in the liberalization and deregulation of the banking industry and is divided into two parts. Part 1 covers liberalization and the search for an appropriate banking law model; and Part 2 deals with convergence of supervisory standards of international banking. This collection, which was designed as a broad foundation for comparative analysis of changes and reforms occurring worldwide in international banking regulation and practice, should be a useful aid to domestic and international government officials, executives of banking and other financial institutions, professionals (attorneys, accountants and other advisers) representing such institutions and academics, in trying to understand both policies and practicalities reflected by these rapid changes and reforms. A separate, but related, companion volume on international banking operations and practices has also been produced, entitled "International Banking Operations and Practices: Current Developments", which deals with the relevant legal questions regarding the changing international financial practices.

This text sets out fact patterns which trigger liability in various jurisdictions and offers helpful real-world recommendations in a lucid, straightforward manner. The chapters follow the same basic frame and guidelines for ease of comparison. The book traces the rise in the number of cross-border transactions and large insolvencies in free-market countries has brought director liability to the foreground, most notably regarding positions that span multiple jurisdictions and do not involve an active role in management. It argues that directors must be aware of the rules applicable in the countries in which they hold positions, especially where their companies face financial difficulties or insolvency. Numerous differences in the law exist, even between countries close in proximity and those which speak the same language and share the same legal history. The cost of failure to conform to applicable laws may be dire. The text draws attention to the numerous factors that hamper access to the applicable rules such as the lack of a multi-national treaty dealing in depth with insolvency, corporate restructuring, or directors' liabilities; the lack of unity in applicable sanctions; the complex and numerous sources of jurisdictional rules (the Insolvency Act, the Corporations Act, and the Criminal Code, or some combination); the lack of jurisdictional consistency in classifying a particular behaviour as illegal; the significant role of a constantly evolving body of case law; and the instructions imposed on public prosecutors by governmental bodies. Lawyers and business people should be able to appreciate this clear, practical guidance in a particularly challenging area of the law.

The question of what constitutes 'fraud in the transaction' with respect to international letters of credit varies considerably among jurisdictions. In proving allegations of fraud, it is crucial for the practitioner to know the relevant jurisdiction's case law, especially if wider defences such as inducement, unconscionable conduct or bad faith must be invoked. In this book, the author argues that, whereas 'fraud in the documents' is generally sufficient in cases involving commercial letters of credit, standby letters of credit demand a wider fraud exception. The central issue - how wide that fraud exception should be - is what this book explores in depth.This author compares and critically examines the application of the fraud exception in four major trade jurisdictions - the United States, England, Canada, and Australia. With an overall focus on how each jurisdiction's fraud tests treat the autonomy of standby letters of credit, she builds her arguments on such relevant sources and concepts as the following: when it can be shown that the beneficiary has 'no bona fide belief' in the validity of its claim demand guarantees; international initiatives (ICC Rules and the UN Convention on Independent Guarantee and Standby Letters of Credit); the Sztejn Rule; parameters of the 'fraud in the transaction' defence 'materiality' standard; prerequisites for injunctive relief; arguing 'fraud in the formation of the contract'; performance bond cases; applying the 'breach of good faith' defence; 'negative stipulation' in the underlying contract; and equitable versus statutory/broader notion of unconscionability. The presentation includes detailed summaries and analyses of leading cases in all four jurisdictions.

Global competition, technological development, and changes in banking laws and regulations are transforming the role of commercial banks and the nature of the banking business within the U.S. financial system. The earlier editions of this work have been revised and expanded to incorporate discussions of these dramatic changes and their results. The discussions of the issues have been kept as current as possible, and a solid background has been supplied to provide perspective. Emphasis has been placed on the management of commercial banks through the formulation and implementation of sound and flexible policies.

The relationship between the national and international has been central in the debate on the impact of globalisation on national patterns of employment relations. While some industrial relations researchers in recent years have put forward evidence not of convergence, but rather of continuing national diversity in employment relations, others see a complex power-sharing interplay emerging for which Europe is the laboratory. This ground-breaking book asks: Do EU or European industrial relations exist? What characterises EU industrial relations and their development? What are the differences between EU industrial relations and national industrial relations?Twelve outstanding authorities from seven countries discuss the theme from a variety of perspectives. Originally presented at an international and interdisciplinary research workshop held at the Faculty of Law at Lund University in November 2007, the essays probe a range of highly topical and important legal and industrial relations issues and developments, including the implications of the epochal and much-debated Laval and Viking cases from the European Court of Justice. The focus is on the EU dimension of industrial relations, common to the Member States, and not on comparative European industrial relations. The authors raise and discuss such crucial issues as the following:A* the power relationship and interactions between the social partners within the framework of the social dialogue;A* growing problems of posting of workers, low wage competition, and 'social dumping';A* approaches to creating an EU legal framework for transnational collective agreements; A* the right to take industrial action in order to achieve collective agreements; A* the fundamental asymmetry between the scope of action of players in companies and territories affected by restructurings;A* information, consultation and worker participation;A* potential benefits of increased tripartite co-operation between the social partners and governments; A* compatibility of the Swedish or Nordic system with the four freedoms and its eligibility as a European model; andA* issues of private international law arising from collective actions with transnational implications.An appendix includes relevant EC legislation and the ECJ opinions in Laval and Viking.E U Industrial Relations vs National Industrial Relations explores an emerging and still inchoate realm of law that is heavily fraught with implications for the near future of social relations, not only in Europe but worldwide. Labour lawyers and policymakers will greatly appreciate its precise stocktaking, its insightful analysis, and its well-informed recommendations on how to proceed in the realm of practical law.

This book focuses on database law (a branch of intellectual property law) and further explores the legal protection currently available for data and data-related products in India. It offers a comparative study of the position of copyright law in protecting databases in the US and EU, while also presenting responses from the Indian database industry and its aspirations regarding the role of copyright law in database protection. India is undoubtedly leading the way as a knowledge economy. Its strengths are its information technology capability and its knowledge society, as well as its booming database industry - aspects that also necessitate the study of the role of law, as well as the protection of data and databases, in India. This book examines the growing importance of copyright law for protecting databases as well as for ensuring access in information societies. The book concludes with a discussion of key principles to be kept in mind in the context of drafting legal regimes for databases in India that will both benefit the database industry and ensure accessibility.

The close of the 20th century saw a remarkably high incidence of bank distress and insolvency. This book seeks to identify the causes of this ongoing financial crisis and to draw lessons for the future, with the aim of assisting developed, transition and emerging economies alike to better cope with future crises. "Banks in Distress" takes as its focus the major financial system crisis experienced by the US in the 1980s, reviewing the evolution of the US banking system and the legislative, regulatory, and monetary policies of the 1980s which set the stage for the crises that followed. The author argues that the financial difficulties in the US, and to some extent the rest of the world, were largely precipitated and exacerbated by government intervention into the American domestic economy through uncoordinated monetary and fiscal policy, as well as the uncoordinated enactment of regulatory, supervisory and enforcement legislation and policy. The book in particular examines the importance of asset valuation, asset value inflation and deflation, and capital adequacy for banking and financial services organizations, an understanding of which is crucial to the development of a coherent regulatory framework. The author considers what can be learned from the US experience and suggests the need for significant changes in the banking law and policy of most developed and emerging economies, arguing that a stable and workable financial system requires transparent, co-ordinated and proactive governmental policies in the banking, fiscal, monetary and national economic areas.

The model contract for oil and gas development known as the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) originated in Indonesia in 1966 and enjoyed over a decade of successful implementation, with minor adjustments, in several oil-producing countries. In more recent years, however, numerous problems have arisen as changes in economic realities have driven the level of private investment down. This study uses legal analysis as well as historical data to pinpoint the reasons for the initial success of the PSC and for its subsequent and persistent frustrations for investors. The author first examines the original Indonesian contract, along with the variants adopted in Malaysia and the People's Republic of China, and then proceeds to an in-depth analysis of the main clauses and their amendments and execution in all three countries. Taking into account various commissioned surveys and emerging policies and strategies espoused by both governments and industry representatives. He concludes with a detailed proposal for an overhauled contract that allows for meaningful adjustments, or even renegotiation, when the balance of interests between parties changes substantially.

This volume continues the work of the International Academy of Estate and Trust Law in 2003 and 2004 in examining through the juxtaposition of civil and common law jurisdictions areas of fundamental importance to estate and trust lawyers internationally. Here we focus upon two themes: the definition of "family" and the impact of the expansion of the concept of "family" in law; and family fights over wills and estates that recourse family members may have in challenging an estate. The first Part, The Challenge of the "New Family" for Law, considers the "challenge" both in the inter vivos and the postmortem contexts in the United States, Canada, France, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. A particular focus is upon the dramatic expansion of the definition of family from the "traditional" nuclear family consisting of a husband, wife and their mutual children to a definition that includes unmarried heterosexual and same sex couples living together and, in some jurisdictions to new kinds of companionate partnerships that are not based on a sexual relationship. The second Part, Contesting Wills and Intestacies, examines the law in Australia, Switzerland, France, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. In its comparison of civil and common law approaches we see how the law expresses the same principle objects "protection of family and obligations towards key family members" but does so from entirely different perspectives; and where the common law which enshrined the notion of testamentary freedom is being qualified through the expanding domain of family provision legislation, the civil law which is based on codified shares and allocated responsibilities expressed through proportionate entitlements in estates, is being qualified through a range of disqualifying and varying mechanisms. This volume is the fifth of the published deliberations of the International Academy of Estate and Trust Law. It contains the work of solicitors, barristers, notaries, judges and Professors of Law in areas of Trusts, Inheritance and Succession law, Tax and Comparative law. It will be of interest to practitioners and scholars alike in the area of trust and estate law.

This work analyses the scope of copyright protection for computer software in the United Kingdom, and examines challenges for the future. The work presents the case for the adoption and application of infringement methodology, emanating from the courts in the United States, resulting in a narrower scope of protection than is presently argued for by many UK academics, practitioners and judges alike. The work makes a careful evaluation of the efficacy of the various prevailing tests for infringement of copyright in software and their progenies, suggesting an improved formula and advocating the utility, of limiting doctrines to assist in the determination of substantial similarity of particular non-literal software elements, user interfaces and screen display protection. The monograph also contains a detailed study of reverse engineering, copyright defences, permitted acts, database protection and the copyright-contract interface in the context of computer software, not omitting crucial discussions of the internet, digital dissemination and the impact of recent treaty, and legislative initiatives on British copyright law. As such it will be an important resource for practitioners, lecturers and students alike.

In an increasingly global economy fraught with foreign law land mines, the breadth of concerns for lawyers advising clients employing or employed across borders is vast and growing. Finding ways to realize the expectations of the parties when the employment relationship spans multiple jurisdictions with potentially conflicting policies, different conceptions of employment, and even different vocabularies to describe employment events is a major challenge. In recognition of the growing importance of global labour and employment law, the Center for Labor and Employment Law at New York University School of Law dedicated its 61st Annual Conference on Labor to an in-depth examination of issues arising in this area. This volume of the proceedings of the 2008 conference contains papers presented at that meeting, all here updated to reflect recent developments, as well as additional contributions from other practitioners and academics with extensive knowledge and experience in the field. Experts from both the practicing bar and academia - twenty-seven in all - use their unique strengths to address issues worthy of concern in each juridical realm. Among the many important topics presented and discussed are the following: * application of international law soft normsA" through domestic legal systems; * jurisdictional issues in employee benefits; * extraterritorial application of the U.S. Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA); * impact of the application of international human rights standards to employment issues; * drafting of specific types of employment agreements in a multijurisdictional context; * obstacles to cross-border enforcement of restrictive covenants; * how U.S. securities law affects global stock option plans; * workplace electronic privacy issues; * publicly mandated social benefits; * effect of both immigrant and non-immigrant visas on high-skill workers; * how bilateral labor agreements can solve transnational immigration problems; * codes of business conduct; * role of labor rights in foreign direct investment; * application of anti-discrimination laws to religious discrimination across jurisdictions; and * whistleblower protection. An unusual feature of this volume in the series is its in-depth attention to comparative law in the field, with exploration of developments in China, France, and New Zealand, as well as in European Union law. As always, this annual conference captures valuable insights and syntheses of central labour and employment law issues and will be of great value to practitioners and academics in the field. With insights that can assist lawyers engaged in counselling both employers and employees, this volume goes a long way toward meeting the expectations of both employee and employer at various stages of the employment relationship, and handling the disputes that inevitably arise.

The transfer of personal data to the UK raises a multitude of data protection law issues and opens up the view of the key challenges of global data exchange. The study contains an overall view of the regulations on third country transfers under the GDPR and the current state of regulation in the UK. It provides an assessment as to whether and to what extent the UK provides an adequate level of protection within the meaning of the GDPR for personal data transferred from the EU and whether the EU Commission's adequacy decision under the GDPR is compliant with the CJEU's relevant case law. The examination of the UK's data protection law as well as the regulations of the Investigatory Power Act and the extensive onward transfer practice to the USA form a main focus of the study. The alternative data transfer mechanisms and bases (Articles 46, 47 and 49 GDPR) are (also) examined with regard to their practicability for companies. The study also looks at relevant emerging developments and the wider context of the third country regimes of the EU's data protection regime.

Although the European Court of Justice ruled in Bosman (1995) that professional sportsmen and sportswomen are free at the end of their contracts, they are still at the mercy of the clubs that employ them. Such pretexts as the "special nature" of sport publicly urged by such European eminences as Tony Blair and Gerhard Schroder have institutionalized the human trafficking of players, depriving them of basic rights guaranteed under all the laws enjoyed by Europeans. They may be well-paid as long as they are in the limelight, but they have no surety. They can be, and are, bought and sold repeatedly, each time returning profits to those who trade in their athletic prowess. In this searing indictment, Professor Blanpain underscores the demonstrable illegality of the current transfer system imposed by the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA). He describes in detail the complex ramifications of FIFA's rules in the lives of players, clearly revealing how the fundamental rights of players to free movement and freedom of labour are systematically denied. He calls for the courts, from the European Court of Justice on down, to recognize this illegality and act to enforce the Bosman judgement. Professor Blanpain examines all the crucial legal issues involved. These include the following: the classification of sportsmen and sportswomen as "workers"; the nature of the contract between player and club; the legal capacity of minors to enter into an employment contract; the trade in foreign (frequently African and South American) players with no legal rights in Europe; disciplinary rules; training compensation fees; placement and status of players' agents; dispute resolution; and conflicts with competition law. An extensive array of documents, including the FIFA Transfer Regulations and material leading to the March 2001 agreement between FIFA and the European Commission, is included in a series of annexes.

This edition of the Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business surveys issues involved in post-employment employer-employee relations and the ability of employers to control the conduct of a former employee. The survey's introductory chapter provides a general review of issues in the context of multiple jurisdictions, followed by countryby-country analyses of 17 jurisdictions, encompassing reports on Argentina, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Gibraltar, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, the Slovak Republic, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

The publication of Frederick Abbott's new book could not be more timely. The impact of the NAFTA on the North American marketplace has clearly manifested itself over the past year and the emergence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the regulator of global commerce will have a profound influence on the conduct of international trade. This book provides a comprehensive approach to the study of the NAFTA and its implications for the global trading system. It covers the political and legal process of NAFTA approval as well as the NAFTA's potential economic impact. Detailed analysis is given to the NAFTA rule systems, dispute settlement mechanisms, and environmental implications. Perhaps most importantly, this book situates the NAFTA into the broader global multilateral trading system now to be embodied in the WTO. It examines the legal rules of the WTO designed to regulate the activities of regional integration arrangements. It considers the potential for conflict between the rules and trade policies of the WTO and those of the NAFTA. This book holds a strong appeal for practitioners and academics interested in international economic law. This book is the first volume in the new NAFTA LAW AND POLICY series. This series will include high-quality studies of different aspects of NAFTA, including legal analysis and commentary on the Agreement. Among the numerous areas that will be covered in the series are NAFTA topics as diverse as agriculture, dispute settlement, environment, intellectual property rights, investment, and labour.

This book examines the implications for public law of the regulation of privatized utilities, asking how these institutions fit into our constitutional understanding regarding accountability, individual rights and territorial government. It argues that new approaches are needed if constitutional and regulatory principles are to accommodate one another. This is of particular interest in the context of recent constitutional reforms and the growing influence of European integration. After describing the institutions, their powers and duties, particular attention is paid to the position of consumers, the role of the European Community, territorial government and the place of individual rights. The book concludes by looking at price control, the coming of competitive markets for utility services and the future of the regulatory system in the light of convergence, multi-utilities and the government's planned reforms.

The concept of 'employee' is arguably the most important one in labour law, defining, as it does, the scope of the discipline as a whole. This important new publication aims to develop a restatement of the concept of the employee in European labour law. The study identifies both problems and solutions that have emerged, clearly setting out comparisons between the different member states' approaches. The country reports explore both statutes and case law, tracking their contribution to legal doctrine. The objective of the restatement is to increase knowledge and gain a better understanding of one of the most crucial aspects of European labour law. Assistant Editors: - Marta Otto - Effrosyni Bakirtzi

Liberalisation in the power sector is high on the agenda of policy makers, regulators and the industry around the world. There is growing recognition of the benefits of power market liberalisation and the need to further integrate regional markets in a liberal trade and investment environment. This volume brings together articles written by leading experts in the field of electricity, trade and regulation in Europe. Organised in two Parts, the contributions cover a range of issues from market structure, trade flows, infrastructure and investment to the regulatory framework within which the industry operates, including international trade rules and national technical, environmental and regulatory regimes. These are complex and sensitive issues requiring an in depth understanding of the economics and regulation of electricity trade and the primary object of this volume is to contribute to an informed debate on the subject. To this end, the contributors demonstrate how a competition-friendly and liberal environment for electricity trade, including a system of nondiscriminatory and transparent access to transmission and distribution networks, could contribute to improving market integration, economic efficiency, supply security and environmental health.