The Continuum Encyclopedia of Modern Criticism and Theory offers the student and scholar of literary and cultural studies the most comprehensive, single volume guide to the history and development of modern criticism in the humanities. In a clearly organized format, this major reference work takes the reader through introductions to historically influential philosophers, literary critics, schools of thought and movements from Spinoza and Descartes to Phenomenology and Heidegger, before turning to its three principal areas of critical attention: Europe, North America and Great Britain. Addressing the development of literary criticism and theory within the cultural, ideological, historical and institutional parameters of their growth, the Encyclopedia provides simultaneously a stimulating introduction to theoretical engagement in the humanities, while also offering lucidly written critical interventions into current theory and criticism. Furthermore, while remaining aware of the importance of various contexts within which criticism has grown, the essays also concern themselves with the cross-fertilization between the various academic and intellectual cultures under consideration. With more than 100 essays from an internationally renowned body of scholars, all of whom are recognized experts in their respective fields, The Continuum Encyclopedia of Modern Criticism and Theory offers student readers, scholars and libraries a unique, challenging and indispensable reference guide.

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio's life was turbulent and short. He was only in his late thirties when he died and yet he managed to achieve tremendous artistic success. A native of Caravaggio, near Milan, he was born in 1571 and moved to Rome after training with Simone Peterzano, a pupil of Titian. In the papal city, his talent was recognized by the influential collector and art connoisseur Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte, who promoted his art. Within a few years Caravaggio became one of the most sought-after painters in Italy and abroad. His style was so striking and unique that artists from all over adopted it as their own. Caravaggio: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works focuses on his life, his works, and legacy. It features a chronology, an introduction offers a brief account of his life, a cross-referenced dictionary section contains entries on his individual paintings, public commissions his patrons, his followers, and the techniques he used in rendering his works.

Saddam Hussein's execution for his crimes against IraQ's Shia not only brought an end to his reign of oppression, but also to the justice that was to be served to the Iraqi Kurds. The unspeakable atrocities visited by Saddam upon the Kurds of Iraq are explored here, together with the trials of Saddam by the Iraqi High Tribunal. However, this work is more than a litigation history. It is also an exploration of the motivations behind and the depths of organized evil in the context of a single, brutal despot at the helm of an artificially created multi-ethno/religious state lying atop massive oil wealth. SaddaM's background and the context of his rule explain much about his actions, but not all. He remained an unpredictable tyrant to the end of his reign.

The Kurds have continually been subject to adversity since the end of World War I, when they were denied their own homeland, splitting them among three countries: Turkey, Iran, and Iraq. During SaddaM's 24-year reign, the Kurds of Iraq were frequently under the knife of injustice. Between 1987 and 1989, Saddam unleashed genocide, razing over 2,000 villages and murdering at least 50,000 Kurds. As his dictatorship came to an end, the Kurds long-awaited opportunity to hold Saddam responsible for the atrocities against them seemed to have come, only to be sidetracked by the Iraqi High Tribunal, the Iraqi government, and the U.S. government. While the Shia rejoiced in their victory, the Kurds continued to be left behind. SaddaM's death freed him of the charges against him by the Kurds. The world had turned its back on the Kurds in their age of genocide, and now appeared to turn a blind eye to the justice that was denied.

The unspeakable atrocities visited by Saddam upon the Kurds of Iraq are explored here together with the trials of Saddam by the Iraqi High Tribunal--both the completed prosecution for the Dujail massacre against the Shites and the incomplete one for the Anfal Campaigns against the Kurds. However, this work is more than a litigation history. It is also an exploration of the motivations behind and the depths of organized evil in the context of a single, brutal despot at the helm of an artificially created multi-ethno/religious state lying atop massive oil wealth, but situated in the most dangerous part of the world. SaddaM's background and the context of his rule explain much about his actions, but not all. He remained an unpredictable tyrant to the end of his reign.

'This book is great because it covers everything in existence apart from the 95% of stuff not worth bothering with' Philomena Cunk, star of Charlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe, Moments of Wonder and Cunk on Britain, Cunk & Other Humans 'Essential reading for these slipshod times' Al Murray Once in a blue moon, a book comes along that changes the world. The Origin of Species. War and Peace. 1984. The World According to Danny Dyer. And now, Cunk on Everything: The Encyclopedia Philomena, by Philomena Cunk. Philomena Cunk is one of the greatest thinkers of the 21st century, and in Cunk on Everything she turns her attention to our biggest issue: why are there so many books? Wouldn't it be better if there was just one? This is that book - an encyclopedia of ALL HUMAN KNOWLEDGE, from sausages to Henry of Eight to Brush Strokes to vegetarian sausages. Read it, and you'll never have to read another book again. 'This is a book' Philomena Cunk 'Never contact me again' Professor Rupert Delgado, MBE 'Cunk for PM' Rachel Riley '. . . book . . .' Guardian 'Truly the intellect for our baffling times' The Times 'This book is absolutely stupid' The Pool

Sigmund Freud's name is known throughout the world. He opened up the world of the unconscious, so people can understand themselves so much better than before. His unique ideas are discussed in academic circles. His psychoanalytic techniques influenced mental health, counselling, psychotherapy and psychiatry. His words form part of everyday language. Lying on a couch and having dreams interpreted by an analyst is an iconic picture of modern life and popular culture. Sigmund Freud: A Reference Guide to Her Life and Work captures his eventful life, his works, and his legacy. The volume features a chronology, an introduction, a comprehensive bibliography, and the dictionary section lists entries on Freud, his family, friends (and foes), colleagues, and the evolution of psychoanalysis.

With the recent shift in Cuba-US relations stemming from the relaxing of travel restrictions and an influx of American visitors, interest in Cuba and its culture has increased substantially. A new emphasis has been placed on the island country’s many cultural and artistic achievements, specifically in film. Cuban cinema is recognized around the world as having produced some of the most celebrated works originating from Latin America—such as Fresa y Chocolate and La Muerte de un Burócrata—as well as many prominent artists—including directors Tomás Gutiérrez Alea and Humberto Solás. In A Cuban Cinema Companion, editors Salvador Jimenez Murguía, Sean O’Reilly, and Amanda McMenamin have assembled a collection of essays about more than 100 films across six decades, including feature films, documentaries, and animation. These entries also provide information on directors, actresses, and actors of Cuban cinema. Entries range from films like Retrato de Teresa to Buena Vista Social Club and include descriptions of each film’s plot, themes, and critical commentary, as well as comprehensive production details and brief suggestions for further reading. Beginning with the victory of the Cuban revolution—from the first ten years of what is often referred to as Cuba’s “Golden Age� of film to the present—this volume offers readers valuable insights into Cuban history, politics, and culture. An indispensable guide to one of the great world cinemas, A Cuban Cinema Companion will be of interest to students, academics, and the general public alike.

There are a number of points throughout the trade mark system where multiple undertakings share the same name, either unwillingly, or by consent. In this timely book, expert contributors address this controversial issue and identify the various points at which names are shared. This unique book uses both historical and interdisciplinary perspectives, as well as more traditional legal methodology, to examine the practical and theoretical implications of such name sharing for the parties involved. It analyses what can be learned from the sharing process about the nature of the trade mark system and the interests which it protects. General themes relating to the nature and purpose of trade mark law are also discussed. The contributors focus on UK and European law and their detailed treatment of specific trade mark topics will prove invaluable to postgraduate law students and academics specialising in intellectual property. Legal practitioners will appreciate the up-to-date consideration of concepts important in both contentious and non-contentious trade mark practice and in-house counsel for brand owners will benefit from the expert guidance offered on issues relevant to protecting their trade marks.

Discover the powerful words of anti-racism activists in this vibrant, resonant collection of quotes that centres previously unheard voices while also paying tribute to those who came before. More than 100 incisive, thought-provoking passages will enlighten and inspire in this must-have collection for everyone who cares about promoting racial equity. Kenrya Rankin celebrates resistance by centring and honouring anti-racist voices, past and present. This exciting collection showcases passages from the writings or speeches of thinkers and activists in the anti-racist community. These are words to enlighten, to prompt change, to provide encouragement and to move readers to action. A brief biographical note for each person quoted gives context to their words. The bold and colourful design underlines the energy and movement toward real change. Partial proceeds to benefit The Movement for Black Lives Fund.

Thornton Wilder is one of America's greatest writers, the only author to win Pulitzer Prizes in two different categories-one in fiction and two in drama. Equally well known for his plays and novels, his unique and diverse body of work also includes essays, journals, lectures, and film and television scripts. In The Thornton Wilder Encyclopedia, Thomas S. Hischak exhaustively covers Wilder's life and extensive career. Entries not only contain every one of his novels, plays, and scripts, but also his letters, journals, and all other existing works by Wilder, published or unpublished. In addition, this valuable reference features entries on the individuals who worked with Wilder and friends and family members who were a great influence on him. With a biography of Wilder to introduce the work and a chronology and selected bibliography to augment the entries, The Thornton Wilder Encyclopedia is the most comprehensive reference available on one of America's greatest playwrights and finest novelists.

This comprehensive survey of ethnic groups of Europe reveals the dynamic process of ethnic identity and the relationship of ethnic groups to modern states. Part of a five-volume series on ethnic groups around the world, Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia provides detailed descriptions of more than 100 European ethnic and national groups. Each entry provides an overview of the group as well as in-depth information on the group's origins and early history, cultural life, and recent developments. Among the information presented for each group are global and national population figures and accounts of geographical distribution, diaspora populations, the group's historic homeland, predominant religions and languages, and related groups. The entries also highlight places, people, and events of particular importance to each group, and sidebars introduce related topics of interest. Throughout the text, special attention is focused on the relationship between ethnicity and nationalism. An explanation of the methodology used for selecting the ethnic groups in the encyclopedia is also provided, as is an introductory essay on the topic of ethnicity in Europe. Includes an introduction describing the concept and practice of ethnicity in Europe, past and present Contains contributions from 80 distinguished international scholars, including some of the foremost experts on particular groups

In the context of the current debate on the desirability and process of forming European private law (EPL), this book considers one fundamental question addressing its descriptive and normative dimension: does and should EPL pursue regulatory objectives beyond market integration? The editors argue that because national categories are of little help in grasping the characteristics of a multi-level regulatory system, it is necessary to link three perspectives: private law, regulation and conflict of laws. This book explores this interaction in four distinct fields: product liability, environmental protection, public utilities and e-commerce. The results show that EPL is highly regulatory and that the implications of this change have not been adequately considered by institutions and by scholars. The Regulatory Function of European Private Law will be of great interest to academics of law, as well as to private and public lawyers and European policymakers.

Every branch of science, every profession, and every engineering process has its own language for communication. Environmental health and environmental science are no different. To work within these major environmental fields, you must acquire a fundamental but wide-ranging vocabulary and knowledge of the components that make them up. An understanding of the tools, techniques, and key terms and concepts in the interrelated fields of environmental health and science is necessary for effective practice. In Environmental Health and Science Desk Reference, authors Frank R. Spellman and Revonna M. Bieber define and explain the terms and concepts used by environmental professionals, environmental science professionals, safety practitioners and engineers, and non-science professionals. Environmental science and health and occupational health and safety are not single topics, but rather a complex, colorful, and diversified array of interrelated subjects including all of the basic sciences, computer science, government, engineering, measurement, physics, health and disease, energy, security, disease, injury identification prevention and control, and much more. The practicing environmental specialist or student of environmental science, technology, health and safety engineering should know these topics. Without some knowledge of these topics it is difficult (if not impossible) to practice in any of the environmental fields. The authors of this comprehensive reference work have more than 35 years of practical experience in environmental health and science. They have selected and explained more than 6,000 terms in this authoritative reference. The entries range from single-sentence definitions for the simplest terms, to explanations of over 1,000 words for the most complex or important concepts. The authors demonstrate many of the entries with examples or case studies, and the reference includes more than 100 drawings and diagrams, which illustrate the most important principles of these fields. Spellman and Bieber provide an accessible guide to the language and background knowledge necessary for work in environmental fields, writing in straightforward English and avoiding technical jargon wherever possible. This is an essential reference for anyone working in environmental health, environmental science, and related fields.

Wikipedia is one of the most visited websites on the Internet, regularly bringing in millions of readers a day. But how exactly does a huge site like this work? What are its strengths? What are its weaknesses? Who edits the site? And perhaps most importantly how can you, the reader, help make the site better? In this book, Paul A. Thomas-a seasoned Wikipedia contributor who has accrued almost 60,000 edits since he started editing in 2007-breaks down the history of the free encyclopedia and explains the process of becoming an editor. Chapters include: The History of Wikipedia The Wiki-Ethos: What to Know Before You Edit Getting Started: Making Your First Edits Growing as an Editor: To Wikitext and Beyond Concrete Ways to Make Wikipedia a Better Resource Becoming a Critical Editor: Countering Bias A Short Glossary of Wiki-Slang After reading Inside Wikipedia, you will be ready to contribute to the largest, most comprehensive knowledge base the world has ever seen. What will you write about?

A delightful and witty treasure trove of utterly useless information by the author of The Things That Nobody Knows. Most encyclopaedias are boring. They are so packed with worthy but dull facts that a great deal of weird and wonderful material is squeezed out. The Encyclopaedia of Everything Else takes the opposite approach and leaves out all the dreary stuff you can find elsewhere. The result is the most fascinating, astonishing, varied and utterly useless collection of information ever assembled and organized between two covers. From aardvark tooth bracelets to the genus of tropical weevils known as Zyzzyva, via Mark Twain's views about cabbages, this is a quarter of a million words of sublime pointlessness.