Much has been made of the post-war Japanese economic miracle. However, the origins of this spectacular success and its effect on the region can actually be traced back to an earlier period of Asian history. In "Japanese Industrialization and the Asian Economy", the authors examine the factors which contributed to the period of major industrialization from 1870 to 1940. They trace the roots of this growth back to 17th-century rivalry between Japan and China and describe how this acted as a spur to the expansion of Japanese manufacturing skills. They go on to examine how the development of the Asian market was an important pre-condition of Japanese economic growth but was, in turn, fostered by that growth. The volume comprises nine chapters by eminent economic historians. While the style is non-technical, details are backed up by diagrams and graphs. "Japanese Industrialization and the Asian Economy" offers a guide to the origins of economic dynamism in the Pacific Rim. Latham has also published "Decline and Recovery in Britain's Overseas Trade 1873-1914", with Platt and Ranald (Macmillan, 1993); and "The Market in History", with Anderson (Croom Helm, 1986).

The Industrial Revolution is one of the most enduring and studied areas of economic history. This text takes an innovative look at this much discussed subject in order to stimulate interest and elicit new responses. It studies: the way the classical economists viewed natural resources as a constraint on rapid and sustained growth; how the Industrial Revolution might have appeared when looking forwards from the Middle Ages rather than the usual retrospective view; what can be expected from growth rate calculations that have a substantially subjective basis; what contribution can be made to the living standard debated from an understanding of income distribution within the family; and what has been gained from these new explorations.

Was the Industrial Revolution Necessary? takes an innovative look at this much studied subject. The contributors ask new questions, explore new issues and use new data in order to stimulate interest and elicit new responses. By looking at it from such previously unexplored angles the book brings a new understanding to the Industrial Revolution and opens a new debate.

Because of the potential ease with which transnational corporations can relocate, many governments have avoided direct attempts to intervene in their activities. Nonetheless, the major economies have adopted a wide range of policies towards transnational corporations. Some (Japan and France in particular) have been very concerned by the impact of such firms. Others (most notably Britain) have had a relatively relaxed attitude. This book offers an account of policy towards transnationals over the last 30 years or so. It features: detailed, up-to-date accounts of policy in Japan, France, Germany, the United States and Britain; the role of organizations other than governments, including trade unions, business and opposition parties; summaries of which issues have most concerned which countries overall characterizations of each country's policy stance. The result should appeal to those interested in industrial economics, international business, global political economy, and international law.

Transnational corporations are now of immense significance for most economies. However, by definition they are involved in international production and this poses problems for national governments. The threat of a major company leaving gives it leverage over its host government. This means that even though there is a broad consensus that in some respects the impact of a transnational on an economy can be negative, there is a marked reluctance on the part of governments to try to do anything about it. Although they remain sensitive to the problems posed by transnationals, the authors of "Making Transnationals Accountable" do not accept that there is nothing that can be done to influence the behaviour of transnationals. The authors advocate a policy of monitoring their activities and use a comparative approach to show that many governments know surprisingly little about the impact of transnationals on their economies. They identify areas which governments might like to know more about. In an attempt to show what their approach might mean in practice, they draw upon the new techniques developed in social accounting to prepare a detailed social and economic account of "Glaxo".

Transnational corporations are now of immense significance for most economies. However, by definition they are involved in international production and this poses problems for national governments. The threat of a major company leaving gives it leverage over its host government. This means that even though there is a broad consensus that in some respects the impact of a transnational on an economy can be negative, there is a marked reluctance on the part of governments to try to do anything about it. Although they remain sensitive to the problems posed by transnationals, the authors of "Making Transnationals Accountable" do not accept that there is nothing that can be done to influence the behaviour of transnationals. The authors advocate a policy of monitoring their activities and use a comparative approach to show that many governments know surprisingly little about the impact of transnationals on their economies. They identify areas which governments might like to know more about. In an attempt to show what their approach might mean in practice, they draw upon the new techniques developed in social accounting to prepare a detailed social and economic account of "Glaxo".

Designed for various types of college courses, this book discusses the interpretation of statistical data in such fields as the economy, business, demography, housing, health, education and crime.

The relationship between trade policy and industrialization has provoked much controversy. Can trade policy promote economic growth in developing countries? Those actively working in the area are becoming increasingly sceptical about the conventional advice given by international policy advisors and organizations.
This volume builds upon earlier theoretical and empirical research on trade policy and industrialization but is the first cross-the-board attempt to review developing country experiences in this realm for twenty years. The experience of fourteen developing countries in the 1970s and 1980s is assessed by the contributors, each of whom have a detailed understanding of their country's recent experience.

Originally published in 1952. This book addresses one of the most pressing problems in town planning - the proper place of industry in our towns. The author writes from the standpoint of a town planner who realizes that factories are just as important as houses and schools, and that if industry does not prosper, all our schemes for urban reconstruction must fail through the lack of the necessary resources. In the course of his research he has visited hundreds of factories to get the necessary facts at first hand. Almost as a by-product he describes in simple terms the manufacture of such varied objects (to paraphrase Lewis Carroll) as "ships and needles and silverware; chocolates and glue." Plenty of photographs of industrial buildings in Britain and abroad are included, which show how great an architectural transformation is possible, and that an industrial area can become one of the showplaces of a town.

Originally published in 1977. This book provides an introduction to some of the more important techniques of regional analysis - techniques derived from geographical, regional economic and regional science theory - and describes the way some of these techniques have been applied in the identification of problems, development of strategy and evaluation of regional programmes. The theory and applications of methods of regional analysis are integrated with the use of examples taken from the USA, the UK and Canada. The author introduces the problems which are encountered in the field of regional analysis, describes some of the analytical tools, beginning with the fundamental model of the economic base approach, and then examines regional flows and the applicability of international trade theory to interregional trade. Considering the shortcomings of the aggregated base approach, input-output analysis is also examined.

This volume provides new insights to the history of international business. The international group of authors, drawn from the United States, Canada, Britain and Japan, address two main themes: How has global business developed over the last century? And what has been its impact on host economies? These original and wide-ranging essays, prefaced by an extensive editorial introduction, are required reading in courses on international business.

Technical literature in the Portuguese language is very rare; this is the reason for the compilation of this technical dictionary. The material is rich in synonyms in each of the three languages, English, German and Portuguese.

The dictionary encompasses some of the most important technical fields related to industrial activity, such as:

Petrochemical industry. Geological history; Oil exploration, oil drilling, offshore drilling; Oil shale processing; Coal mining; Oil refining, cracking, distillation. Textile Industry. Machinery; Textile fabrics, fibres; Spinning, weaving, knitting, weaves, knits; Treatment and finishing, dyes. Leather Industry. Leather types; Leather treatment. Engineering Materials. Modified natural products; Synthetic plastics; Polymers, polycondensation products, polyaddition products; Glass; Paper, wood, glues, paints and varnishes; Metals. Cleaners Industry. Detergents; Waxes, emulsifiers. Industrial Processes. Fermentation; Catalysis and catalysts; Sulphuric-acid production. Machinebuilding Industry. Machines; Tools; Machine parts. Nucleonics, Nuclear Energy. Electrical Engineering. Electrical technology; Electronics; Semiconductor technology. Motor Car Industry. Motor car; Internal combustion engine; Lorries; Agricultural machines; Road construction machines.

In Chinese Firms and Technology in the Reform Era, Yizheng Shi analyses the technological behaviour of state- owned firms. In particular he shows how they have imported, utilised and assimilated foreign technology into their operations. The author argues that despite being granted more autonomy and having to face increased competition, Chinese firms are still not motivated to assimilate properly imported technology because of the absence of well- delineated property rights.

This is a revised and updated edition of Paul Ferguson's successful textbook. Industrial Economics has reached a crossroads in its development; the established approach, based on the neoclassical theory of the firm, is being challenged by a variety of ideas and concepts. Paramount among these are transactions costs, public choice theory and the work of the Austrian School. Industrial Economics integrates these new approaches alongside a critical exposition of traditional theory.

This theoretical and empirical study examines the relationship between the organisation of work, industrial relations, production spaces and the dynamics of capitalist investment. Jamie Gough explores the connections between labour process change, products, local economy and society, spaces and forms of competition, and firm's locational strategies. In a path-breaking analysis he shows that these are closely bound up with the business cycle and other rhythms of investment. Differences within the labour process are central to the argument. Gough explores the divisions between workers arising from these differences and from spatial flows of capital, and suggests strategies through which these divisions might be overcome.

The impact of technological change on market structure can be much more drastic than that of traditional sources of competition, such as price. However, the analysis of such change is derived from two discrete perspectives: economics and organizational behaviour. In this study, these two traditions are brought together. The authors present an economic analysis of technological change and market structure, and an organizational strategy towards technological change and corporate structure. In a radical departure from tradition, the connections between technological change and market structure cannot be properly understood without appreciating the role of firms' strategic visions. It also shows that direct measurement of the rate of technological change (as opposed to traditional, indirect measures like patent counts and R&D expenditure) is essential if changes in market structure are to be understood. Theoretical arguments are developed through case studies of some of the most innovative and fast moving industries in the world, including software, micro-processors and biotechnology.

This book studies how a technological innovation -- in this case the computer -- progresses from its origin as an idea in someone's mind to its eventual manifestation as a useable and marketable consumer product.

This book studies how a technological innovation -- in this case the computer -- progresses from its origin as an idea in someone's mind to its eventual manifestation as a useable and marketable consumer product.

Israel's industrial geography is unique. The continuing Arab-Israeli conflict has been a primary force behind government intervention in settlement patterns, and has led to a major effort to disperse industry. The geo-political situation has also encouraged a policy of attempted self-reliance, especially for defence purposes. These factors, combined with an abundant human capital, have given Israeli high-technology industries a special place in the international division of labour. The absorption of waves of mass immigration has influenced industrial development. Rural industrialization, mainly by the kibbutz (communal settlement) movement, is another unique feature. "The Industrial Geography of Israel" attempts to present a comprehensive overview of industrial spatial development of Israel from the Ottoman era to present times, evaluating industrial dispersal policy, corporate geography, high-technology industries, entrepreneurship and rural industrial development. The spatial development of Israeli industry is set within the broader context of Israel's political and economic development and of global economic change.

California Raisins*t lovers no longer need rely on the grapevine for collector information. Here is the authoritative illustrated guide, complete with more than 500 color photographs of collectible items and their values. Born of popular advertising and projected to near stardom, the California Raisins*t held sway in the United States for nearly a decade. Begun as an advertising venture to promote a farm product, the Claymationr characters actually became their own industry. Starting with figural characters distributed in everything from fast food to fast car promotions, the California Raisins*t soon appeared on everything imaginable, from bed linens to wallets. They even starred in their own books, games, and, of course, videos. The entire range of Raisins collectibles is represented in this captivating and irresistible work.

Is the battle against inflation in China now over? Can Zhu Rongji, the economic guru turned Chinese premier who has successfully reduced the skyrocketing inflation of the mid-1990s to a near zero level, while yet maintaining high economic growth through the new millennium, relax? These are the key questions raised by China's current economic transition towards a market-based system, and they both revolve around the institutional economics that is the focus of this volume. Dealing specifically with the giant state-owned enterprises (SOEs), Industrial Reform and Macroeconomic Instability in China unravels the intriguing dynamics between industrial deregulation and inflation, in the context of China's continuous search for sustained, stable economic growth without runaway inflation. This book is unique among western studies: it addresses the very core, but to date least reformed sector of the Chinese economy. SOEs have monopolized key industrial supplies, commanded the bulk of national investment, disctated much of the nation's credit and finance, and have been the single most important source of state budget revenue. Continually faced with enormous internal wage pressures, all attempts at marketization and price liberalization are inherently inflationary. Based upon an independently, specifically designed set of questionnaires administered to 300 large and medium-scale state industrial enterprises in six major industrial cities, this book provides an in-depth analysis of the first decade of the reforms of the 1980s. The findings are formulated as pointers for understanding the macroeconomic vicissitudes that occurred after the launching of the campaign to create a 'socialist market economy' in the early 1990s. This book will be of use to China analysts, students, and businessmen who are interested in learning about the progress made, the remaining obstacles that the state-owned enterprises face, and their inevitable impact on China's economic growth and stability.

In recent years there has been a spectacular growth in the technological capabilities of developing countries and in outward direct investment from firms based in these countries. "Technological Innovation and Third World Multinationals" argues that these phenomena are related. The emerging technological capabilities of Third World firms are allied to the cumulative growth of their outward direct investment. The existence and accumulation of technological capabilities is thus a determinant as well as an effect of their international production activities. Evidence is presented on the unique, innovative activities of MNEs from Asia and Latin America which, although at an early stage, have become increasingly important as international production evolves and as developing countries advance through higher stages of industrial development.

U.S. companies are still reeling from the takeovers, leveraged buyouts, junk bond issues, re-capitalizations, and other financial restructuring transactions that reshaped corporations in the 1980s. In this book, distinguished economists and scholars in the business administration, management, and law discuss how those transactions affected corporate management and the financial markets. The authors examine why so much corporate restructuring occurred and, particularly, what corporate governance problems were behind it. They evaluate the causes and effects of restructuring, the economic, political, and legal environment that encouraged it, and the new laws and court rulings that resulted. The contributors explain that financial restructuring was driven by a dispute over who should control large public corporations, what their goals should be, to whom the organizations and their managers should be accountable, and how to make them more accountable. Although the wave of financial restructuring itself has subsided, this conflict remains unsolved and will continue to influence the business climate. The Deal Decade addresses such issues as: Why did long-dormant questions about corporate performance and governance surface in the 1980s? Why did they manifest themselves in takeovers and financial restructurings? Why would capital structure be likely to affect corporate performance? Were the increased use of debt and rapid pace of innovation in financial markets, and the explosion in takeover activity independent phenomena or related? And if related, which caused which? Finally, why did the impulse to restructure subside without having resolved the controversies that underlay it?

In The New Society, Peter Drucker extended his previous works The Future of Industrial Man and The Concept of the Corporation into a systematic, organized analysis of the industrial society that emerged out of World War II. He analyzes large business enterprises, governments, labor unions, and the place of the individual within the social context of these institutions. Although written when the industrial society he describes was at its peak of productivity, Drucker's basic conceptual frame has well stood the test of time.

Following publication of the first printing of The New Society, George G. Higgins wrote in Commonweal that "Drucker has analyzed, as brilliantly as any modem writer, the problems of industrial relations in the individual company or 'enterprise.' He is thoroughly at home in economics, political science, industrial psychology, and industrial sociology, and has succeeded admirably in harmonizing the findings of all four disciplines and applying them meaningfully to the practical problems of the 'enterprise.'" This well expresses contemporary critical opinion.

Peter Drucker's new introduction places The New Society in a contemporary perspective and affirms its continual relevance to industry in the mid-1990s. Economists, political scientists, psychologists, and professionals in management and industry will find this seminal work a useful tool for understanding industry and society at large.

Concept of the Corporation was the first study ever of the constitution, structure, and internal dynamics of a major business enterprise. Basing his work on a two-year analysis of the company done during the closing years of World War II, Drucker looks at the General Motors managerial organization from within. He tries to understand what makes the company work so effectively, what its core principles are, and how they contribute to its successes. The themes this volume addresses go far beyond the business corporation, into a consideration of the dynamics of the so-called corporate state itself.

When the book initially appeared, General Motors managers rejected it as unfairly critical and antibusiness. Yet, the GM concept of the corporation and its principles of organization later became models for organizations worldwide. Not only businesses, but also government agencies, research laboratories, hospitals, and universities have found in Concept of the Corporation a basis for effective organization and management.

Because it offers a fundamental theory of corporate goals, this book is a valuable resource for business professionals and organization analysts. It will also be of interest to students and professionals in economics, public administration, and political science. Professional and technical readers who admire Peter Drucker's work will want to be certain this volume is in their personal library. At a time when everything from the size to the structure of corporations is being questioned, this classic should prove a valuable guide.