First published in 1998, this volume explored the recent growth in university-based commercial start-up companies as a means of applying research in industry and as an alternative method of funding. Blair and Hitchens melded the practical experiences of universities with more theoretical understandings of technology transfer to assess whether it is more effective for universities to make commercial use of their research themselves as opposed to licensing, whether this is an effective way to get research applied by industry and the economic implications of these decisions. Drawing on the experiences of 25 universities, of which 18 are in the UK and Ireland, and including a detailed study of the QUBIS Group from Queen's University of Belfast, the authors explore universities' deliberate commercial exploitation of their research through university spin-off companies, the potential stresses on staff who are simultaneously academics and entrepreneurs along with universities' attitudes to the practice and possible managerial strategies.

Local industrial clusters, such as Silicon Valley in the United States, have become an important subject of scholarly inquiry in recent years. This book offers a unifying view by capturing the general characteristics and prerequisites of local industrial clusters both on a theoretical as well as an empirical level. The book establishes a mathematical model to analyse the dynamics of clustering and the conditions that are to be satisfied if a local industrial cluster is to evolve. This model allows predictions about the spatial distribution of firms to be deducted, which are empirically tested in the book. This thorough methodology allows the author to postulate upon whether the number of local clusters that emerge in an industry is random, or whether it is predetermined. An impressive scholarly exercise, this book also contains important policy lessons. As such, Local Industrial Clusters will be a valuable read for policy-makers as well as academics.

Within economics, few issues are more central than the role of the state in the economy; within Japanese studies, few are more central than the role the Japanese government has played in post-war economic growth. With exquisite attention to theory and meticulous attention to detail, this book focuses on both these topics with startling results. Yoshiro Miwa asks whether a state can correct market failures and in particular critically analyses the performance of the Japanese economy as a result of state intervention within it. In order to examine the capacity of the state to promote growth, Miwa examines the Japanese machine tool industry, the government's role in promoting this sector and government efforts to achieve growth in small and medium sized enterprises in Japan. Despite the huge interest worldwide in Japan's economic history and industrial performance, there is no other book that has approached this important topic in such a comprehensive and incisive manner.

The experience of Hong Kong's innovative and creative industries and the challenges they face serves as an important case study for other Chinese and Asian cities that are actively developing their innovative and creative industries in the era of globalization. The return of sovereignty over Hong Kong back to China in 1997 has led to both collaboration and competition between the two places in innovative and creative sectors for the Greater China and Asian Regions. Hong Kong has remained unique in spite of the integration, but she has to strike a delicate balance between being simultaneously a Chinese and an international city. This book looks at different innovative and creative industries, such as international art and culture exhibition, innovative technology, digital entertainment, TV and movies, as well as government policy for innovative and creative industries, particularly the changing competitive landscape brought about by the latest Great Bay Area development. Drawing insights from cultural history, innovation economics, cultural policy studies, and cultural geography, this book explores the opportunities and challenges of Hong Kong's innovative and creative industries, in particular after the change of sovereignty in 1997. It demonstrates that the city's legacy, and heavy government input in capital, do not guarantee their sustainable development. This is a book not only for policymakers or academics interested in innovative and creative industries but also to students contemplating a career in these areas in Hong Kong, the Greater China and the Asian Region.

This volume offers a selection of texts drawn from the archives on the subject of corporate governance in England and America covering the period 1836-1846. It focuses on the mechanisms that stakeholders use to ensure that their investments are properly used.

This book offers a unique perspective on fascinating historical topic. It presents a comprehensive selection of texts drawn from the archives of corporations in England and America. The book fits into the library collection of any institution concerned with history or finance.

This volume offers a selection of texts drawn from the archives on the subject of corporate governance in England and America. It focuses on the mechanisms that stakeholders use to ensure that their investments are properly used and that any sums owed to them are properly calculated and paid.

This volume offers a selection of texts drawn from the archives on the subject of corporate governance in England and America covering the period 1881-1889. It focuses on the mechanisms that stakeholders use to ensure that their investments are properly used.

This volume offers a selection of texts drawn from the 1891 archives on the subject of corporate governance in England and America. It focuses on the mechanisms that stakeholders use to ensure that their investments are properly used.

This volume offers a selection of texts drawn from the archives on the subject of corporate governance in England and America covering the period 1847-1878. It focuses on the mechanisms that stakeholders use to ensure that their investments are properly used.

This book provides a holistic and practical approach to Japanese concepts of lean management throughout the business value chain. It explains principles like Kaizen, Kata or Keiretsu in a pragmatic and logical way with many industry examples and case studies. The authors describe comprehensively how lean management enables companies to concentrate on value-adding activities and processes to achieve a long-term, sustainable competitive advantage. Moreover, the book shows how lean management principles are ultimately applied in industries like aviation, civil engineering, automotive, healthcare, education and other industries.

Contents:
1. Americanisation: historical and conceptual issues Akira Kudo, Matthias Kipping and Harm G. Schröter
2. 'Importing' American ideas to West Germany, 1940s to 1970s: from associations to private consultancies Matthias Kipping
3. Paths to Americanisation in post-war Japan Satoshi Sasaki
4. Driving the West German consumer society: the introduction of US-style production and marketing at Volkswagen, 1945-70 Christian Kleinschmidt
5. Americanisation with the Japanese supplier system in the Japanese automobile industry, 1950-65 Hiorfumi Ueda
6. The Americanisation of the German electrical industry after 1945: Siemens as a case study Wilfried Feldenkirchen
7. The Americanisation and Japanisation of electronics firms in post-war Japan Shin Hasegawa
8. America and the resurgence of the German chemical and rubber industry after the Second World War: Hüls, Glanzstoff and Continental Christian Kleinschmidt
9. The Americanisation of technologies and management in Japan and its multiple effects: the case of Toray Tsuneo Suzuki
10. Reluctant Americanisation? The reaction of Henkel to the influences and competition from the United States Susanne Hilger
11. Emerging post-war-type managers and their learning of American technology and management: the consumer chemicals industry and the case of Kao Akira Judo and Motoi Ihara
12. 'Revolution in trade': the Americanisation of distribution in Germany during the boom years, 1949-75 Harm G. Schröter
13. American influences and Japanese innovation in the distribution industry: changes of supermarket system from the 1950s until the 1970s Mika Takaoka and Takeo Kikkawa

Contents:
Acknowledgements Prologue Part 1: Introduction 1. The Problem Part 2: The Contexts 2. National contexts
3. Organizational contexts Part 3: The Three Cases 4. The MIT way 5. The Cambridge Phenomenon 6. The Tokyo Story Part 4: Findings and Conclusions 7. Summarizing the nature of change 8. Shaping change: external and internal boundaries 9. Dynamics of change: the role of dialectics and storytelling 10. Conclusions Appendix I: Tables Appendix II: Social construction of a dissertation References Notesotes

Scientists have developed a featherless chicken designed to make industrial chicken production more efficient, while specially trained Pacific bottlenose dolphins are being deployed in the Persian Gulf to disarm mines and protect our Navy. Everyone knows Darwin's theory of natural selection, but what about his idea of artificial selection-how humans, not nature, rework natural organisms to meet our needs? Industrializing Organisms brings us to the threshold of the new field of evolutionary history-from the mobilization of war horses in the nineteenth century to today's engineered plants and manipulated animals.

Considers the 'late industrialisation' of China, showing how government policies have encouraged the development of 120 'national champions' (akin to Japanese keiretsu and South Korean chaebol), how these 'national champions' compete with multinational enterprises, and how China's rapid and successful 'late industrialisation' does not fit orthodox economic theories. The book provides a detailed illustration of these wider issues with a case study of the auto industry.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203511743

Contents:
1. Introduction: Researching Japanese Modernity 1.1 Work in Capitalist Modernity 1.2 Work Values 1.3 Institutions and Organizations of Employment 1.4 Japan, the Lifetime Employment System and the Japanese Salaryman 1.5 Research Methodology 1.6 Research Strategy 2. Japanese Capitalism and Modernity in Theoretical Perspective 2.1 A Theory for Modernity and the Individual 2.2 Tradition and the Self in Japanese Modernity: Tradition and the Japanese Relational Self 2.3 Modernisation in Europe and Japan 2.4 The Self and Modern Society in the West and in Japan 2.5 Contemprary Social Change, Globalization and Convergence 2.5 Conclusion 3. Lifetime Employment in Post-War Japan 3.1 The Origins and Establishment of the Japanese Lifetime Employment System: The Origins of the System, The Establishment of the Lifetime Employment System 3.2 The 1960s and 1970s Lifetime Employment System: The Principal Characteristics of the LIfetime Employment System, Systemic and Ideological Compatability, Flexibility and Adjustment 3.3 The LIfetime Employment System as a Transnational Institution 4. Re-Fabricating Lifetime Employment Relations 4.1 The Contemporary Structure of Lifetime Employment: Lifetime Employment, The Dependent Attributes of the Lifetime Employment System 4.2 Field Investigations 4.3 Change or Transformation, The Managerial Ideology of Lifetime Employment 4.4 Re-Fabricating the Japanese Salaryman 5. Working Under Changing Employment Relations 5.1 Needs, Desires and Values 5.2 Flow 5.3 Work Values in Japan: To Have One's Cake and Eat It?, Career Choice 5.4 Field Investigations: Career Start, Lifetime Employment at a Single Organization 5.5 Caught Between Two Modernities 6. Conclusion: Japanese Capitalism and Modernity in a Global Era 6.1 Review and Conclusions

Global economic integration, widening communication networks and government policies supportive of private enterprise are changing opportunities for accumulating wealth, status and power. In varying degrees throughout Asia, this process is accompanied by the development of service enterprises such as banking, insurance, legal firms and IT firms, which provide access to the resources required for a profitable connection to the wider world. This book focuses on the key role played by producer services in shaping new business areas and new patterns for social mobility, and their interdependence with the State as either a facilitator of, or an obstacle to, the emergence and flourishing of the new professions.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203711785

Graham explores the attitudes of Japanese employees towards their work, their company and on related issues. Based on extensive original research inside a Japanese insurance company (C-Life), which subsequently went bankrupt, the book shows that attitudes towards lifetime employment, company loyalty and the other characteristics of Japanese working life, which are often portrayed in stereotype form in the West, are in fact more complicated than is at first apparent.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203433637

American merchants established trading firms in the ports of Yokohama, Kobe and Nagasaki which operated from 1859-1899 until the repeal of the Unequal Treaties. Members of a privileged, semi-colonial community, the merchants formed the largest group of Americans in 19th century Japan. In this first book-length treatment of this group, Kevin Murphy explores their interactions with the Japanese in the treaty port system, how the Japanese leadership manipulated them to its own ends, and how the merchants themselves defined the limitations of American business in Japan through their ambiguous but deep concern with order and opportunity, restraint and dominance, and conservatism and dominance.

In order to effectively address global warming, many countries have significantly reduced the amount of carbon dioxide emissions that are put into the atmosphere. From the perspective of industrial structure, this volume examines the emission reduction potentials and abatement costs in China. By making an empirical analysis of the emission reduction, the author proposes some practical strategies. The book comprehensively summarizes related theories and research of contaminant disposal modeling, and estimates the shadow price of interprovincial CO2 emissions, the emission reduction potential of different regions, and the marginal emission reduction cost based on the parametric model. It finally puts forward the strategy to adjust the industrial structure in China. The book hence provides solid evidence for policy-makers to help mitigate CO2 emissions through industrial restructuring strategy.

This shortform book presents key peer-reviewed research selected by expert series editors and contextualised by new analysis from each author on how the specific field addressed has evolved. The book features contributions on the history of government-business relations, regional and local business relationships, the development and formation of Silicon Valley, and the rise and fall of the US machine tool industry after the Second World. Of interest to business and economic historians, this shortform book also provides analysis that will be valuable reading across the social sciences.

Biography and business history of wealthy British merchant in India reveals much about the nineteenth-century Empire. John Palmer was the most influential and wealthiest British merchant in British India for the first three decades of the nineteenth century. He ran an `agency house', a global commercial firm involved in banking, the opium trade,shipping, plantation agriculture and trade with Britain, Europe, China, south east Asia and the USA. When his firm went bankrupt in 1830, thousands of people, European and Indian, were ruined, triggering the worst commercial crisis in British India up to that time. This book, the first major study of a British agency house in India, presents an account of both of Palmer's business and personal life, showing how his personal relations and circumstances shaped his commercial strategies, with ultimately disastrous consequences for Anglo-Indian relations as well as his clients. ANTHONY WEBSTER is Head of Humanities at the University of Central Lancashire.

The largest global business in the world today is tourism. Employing one out of twelve people in the world and producing $6.5 trillion of the world's economy, it is the main source of income for many countries. Elizabeth Becker describes the dimensions of this industry and its huge effect on the world economy, the environment, and our culture.

Becker travels the world to offer lively portraits of far-off places: France invented the tour and is still the leader of the travel business; Venice is dying of over-tourism.

In Cambodia, Becker watches tourists crawl over the decaying temples of Angkor, jeopardizing precious cultural sites.

Costa Rica has abandoned raising cattle for American restaurants in order to protect their jungles for the lucrative field of eco-tourism.

Dubai, in the Arabian Gulf, has transformed a patch of desert into one of the world's largest shopping malls.

Africa's safaris are thriving, even if its environment and wildlife are not; ocean cruise ships are spoiling the oceans and ruining city ports.

China, the giant, is at last inviting tourists and at the same time sending its own out in droves.

Becker's investigation of global travel industry practices and their long-term ramifications is an eye-opening examination of this tremendous phenomenon. It is a staggering and unexamined element of the global economy.

Contents:
Chapter 1. Industrialisation since 1960: an overview. Chapter 2. Are there different paths to industrialisation? Chapter 3. Neoclassical orthodoxy dominant. Chapter 4. What remains of the challenges to orthodoxy? Chapter 5. Small-scale industry: is it really beautiful? Chapter 6. Technology: can we open the black box? Chapter 7. Globalisation and industrialisation. Chapter 8. Creating competitive advantage.