What is the significance of entrepreneurship in an economy? Scholars have argued that when the market is viewed as a process of perpetual adjustment to various forces, and not as a set of end-state prices and quantities simply arrived at, the role of the entrepreneur comes to the fore. What then are fruitful ways to conceive of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship? How do entrepreneurs both respond to and shape larger forces in the economy? In what ways can political institutions and government regulation shape the decisions made by entrepreneurs, and their responsiveness to consumers? How does the cultural environment influence the types of opportunities that an entrepreneur will notice and act on? Finally, is entrepreneurial behavior strictly limited to activity we see in the market? This edited volume-comprised of chapters by scholars and students studying from the disciplines of sociology and economics-examines entrepreneurship theoretically and applied to various cases. It provides an overview of the economic literature on entrepreneurship and puts forth a framework for understanding the market process, as well the policy implications of government intervention and cultural considerations in the market. It will be of use to any scholars, students, practitioners or policymakers interested in entrepreneurship.

Critical Infrastructure (CI) is fundamental to the functioning of a modern economy, and consequently, maintaining CI security is paramount. However, despite all the security technology available for threats and risks to CI, this crucial area often generates more fear than rational discussion. Apprehension unfortunately prompts many involved in CI policy to default to old-fashioned intuition rather than depend on modern concrete risk assessment as the basis for vital security decisions. Going beyond definitions, Critical Infrastructure: Understanding Its Component Parts, Vulnerabilities, Operating Risks, and Interdependencies looks at the iron triangle within CI: power, telecom, and finance. It introduces the concept of CI as an industrial and enterprise risk conductor, highlighting the reality that a CI failure can propagate a crisis with far-reaching repercussions. Focuses on Canada and the US Equally for a Useful Cross-Border Security Analysis With $2.5 trillion at stake in United States' CI alone, supreme standards and metrics are mandatory for solid protection of such a sophisticated and complex area. This powerful volume is dedicated to moving CI security into the 21st century, illustrating the danger in basing critical CI policy decisions on the existing legacy frames of reference. It represents one of the first complete departures from policy, planning, and response strategies based on intuition and anecdotal evidence.

Work and Society is an important new text about the sociology of work and employment. It provides both undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology, business and politics, with a firm and enjoyable foundation to this fascinating area of sociology, giving comprehensive coverage of traditional areas of the sub-discipline as well as new trends and developments.

The book is divided into three complementary and interconnected sections - investigating work, work and social change and understanding work. These sections allow readers to explore themes, issues and approaches by examining how sociologists have thought about, and researched work and how the sub-discipline has been influenced by wider society itself. Novel features include separate chapters on researching work, domestic work, unemployment and work, and the representation of work in literary and visual media.

Work and Society is an important new text about the sociology of work and employment. It provides both undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology, business and politics, with a firm and enjoyable foundation to this fascinating area of sociology, giving comprehensive coverage of traditional areas of the sub-discipline as well as new trends and developments.

The book is divided into three complementary and interconnected sections a " investigating work, work and social change and understanding work. These sections allow readers to explore themes, issues and approaches by examining how sociologists have thought about, and researched work and how the sub-discipline has been influenced by wider society itself. Novel features include separate chapters on researching work, domestic work, unemployment and work, and the representation of work in literary and visual media.

Vulcan or the Future of Labour Cecil Chisholm Originally published in 1927 "Vulcan is a little book but between its covers knowledge and vision are brimming over." Spectator "Of absorbing interest." Daily Herald The author argues that the creative genius of the human race which at the beginning of the twentieth century was centred on production machinery will eventually release factory workers from poverty. 88pp ******************** Pegasus Problems of Transportation J F C Fuller Originally published in 1925 "The foremost military prophet of the day propounds a solution for industrial and unemployment problems. A bold essay..." Daily Telegraph "Practical, timely and very important." Spectator This volume provides a brief review of the history of the railway and discusses the uses and benefits of roadless vehicles, such as tanks, not only for their transport capacities but also as a means for solving unemployment. 88pp Aeolus or the Future of the Flying Machine Oliver Stewart Originally published in 1927 "There is nothing vague in these imaginative forecasts." Daily News "The author is to be congratulated..." Aeroplane This volume describes the air-vehicle and air-battleship of the future and predicts that it will resist mass production, being regarded as individual creations of the Artist-Scientist rather than commercial tools. 90pp

In this new book, Hara, Kambayashi and Matsushima gather together a collection of case studies of innovation in various industries in modern Japan, including automobile, electronics, semiconductor, component, chemical, pharmaceutical and service industries. Unlike other books in this area, this book focuses on a broader range of Japanese industries from the post world war era to the modern day and considers the relationships between the characteristics of innovation and the features of Japanese society. These chapters demonstrate Japan's shift from being product-oriented and domestic to being business system-oriented and global. Meanwhile the process of innovation in Japan continues to include the tendency of eliminating uncertainty through intimate in-process interaction between different functions, rather than through preset rule or contracts. This book goes some way in challenging accepted notions of Japanese innovation, emphasising new and diverse trends and practises.

As optimization techniques have developed, a gap has arisen between the people devising the methods and the people who actually need to use them. Research into methods is necessarily long-term and located usually in academic establishments; whereas the application of an optimization technique, normally in an industrial environment, has to be justified financially in the short term. The gap is probably inevitable; but there is no need for textbooks to reflect it. Teaching of optimization techniques separately from their connection with applications is pointless. This book gives a detailed exposition of the techniques.

In this first volume, T. A. J. Nicholson demonstrates the full range of techniques available to the practitioner for the solution of varying problems. For each technique, the background reasoning behind its development is explained in simple terms; where helpful it is supported by a geometrical argument; and the iterative algorithm for finding the optimum is defined clearly. These steps enable the reader not only to see plainly what is happening in the method but also to reach a level of understanding necessary to write computer programs for optimization techniques.

Problems are tackled in the same way--by searching a feasible region for an optimum. This approach helps the reader to develop the most essential of all skills--selecting appropriate techniques for different circumstances. The numerous worked examples in the text, supported by worked solutions, and the exercises at the end of the chapters are important aids to learning and to teachers. This book serves as an introduction to optimization techniques for students as well as a reference work for the practitioner in business and industry.

"T. A. J. Nicholson" is Senior Lecturer at the London Business School with research and consulting interests in industrial control systems.

After twenty years of rapid economic growth, China is facing a critical decision on its agricultural policy. It can either continue to pursue a food self-sufficiency policy or further integrate its economy into the world market. This book examines key policy issues of China's agricultural reforms using the latest information.

The two-volume book studies the economic and industrial development of Japan and China in modern times and draws distinctions between the different paths of industrialization and economic modernization taken in the two countries, based on statistical materials, quantitative analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. The first volume analyses the relationship between technological innovation and economic development in Japan before World War II and sheds light on technological innovation in the Japanese context with particular emphasis on the importance of the patent system. The second volume studies the basic conditions and overall economic development of industrial development, chiefly during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949), taking a comparative perspective and bringing the case of modern Japan into the discussion. The book will appeal to academics and general readers interested in economic development and the modern economic history of East Asia, development economics, as well as industrial and technological history.

First published in 1991, Rethinking Labour-Management Relations explores how the contemporary system of industrial relations developed and outlines proposals for a better alternative. The book examines the positives and negatives of three systems of industrial relations: a freely operating market for labour where workers bargain individually with employers; a strike-based system of collective bargaining; and, a compulsory arbitration system. It discusses how the strike replaced individual bargaining, highlighting the deficiencies in these respective systems and presenting arbitration as the more efficient and effective way of settling disputes. In doing so, the book emphasises the role of the parties involved in finding solutions and considers how government intervention could be kept to a minimum. Exploring a wealth of literature relating to compulsory arbitration systems around the world and formulating a set of criteria for establishing the best possible form of arbitration, Rethinking Labour-Management Relations will appeal to those with an interest in the history of trade union theory, public policy, and labour law.

The volume of relevant research and literature on this topic is growing but originates mainly from economists, sociologists, and political scientists; geographers have been slow to make contributions. One reason may be that geographers have been preoccupied with differentiation within the geography of production whereas this new field directs attention to the geography of consumption and a study of economies. This book aims to focus attention on the complex and inter-related problems--social, economic, political, and geographical--that come with development, placing particular emphasis on the problems which accompany attempts at industrialization. Focusing on the complex and interrelated social, economic, political, and geographic problems that attend under-development, this book presents one of the first contributions from a geographer on what has been called the most important economic problem of the modern world.

Contending that industrialization is no answer for under-developed countries that are striving to maintain expanding populations and to strengthen their economy, Alan B. Mountjoy traces the distribution, causes, and problems of under-development and the difficulties with and possibilities for industrialization as an aid in solving those problems. He defines development and under-development, considers problems of industrialization (including environmental and human problems), discusses the forms industrialization takes, and analyzes the progress of industrialization in specific under-developed areas.

The unique geographer's perspective and the ability of the author to select aspects of the study that most clearly reflect the problems of under-developed economies make this work a useful text and reference book for students and scholars of development, economic geography, and international relations.

Alan B. Mountjoy was lecturer in geography at Bedford College, University of London, where he specialized in economic geography and the study of underdeveloped countries. Some of his other books include "Industrialization and Developing Countries, Africa" (with David Hilling), and "Developing the Underdeveloped Countries."

Research on the topic of clusters and industrial districts is very extensive. However, most of it has focused more on understanding the past than on trying to map out the future. The aim of this book is to fill this gap by identifying and discussing the main research topics that populate the current scientific debate and highlight the emergent lines of research that will constitute the future research agenda. It does so by drawing on the debate started with the "rethinking clusters" workshops, which in a short time have become a rich place for discussion among cluster scholars around the world. Rethinking Clusters: Towards a New Research Agenda for Cluster Research collects contributions from authoritative colleagues, who cover a number of relevant and timely issues, such as the territorial roots of radical innovation processes, new ways of understanding and measuring the role of place in economic development, path renewal, internationalization and entrepreneurship. The final section is devoted to the critical analysis of policies that support smart specialization. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal European Planning Studies.

The fourth edition of this acclaimed text is a rich resource for undergraduate and graduate courses in industrial organization, applied game theory, and management strategy. It incorporates game theory into industry analysis by studying the behavior of successful and failing firms as well as the structure-conduct-performance of particular industries. Chapters address a wide variety of issues concerning industry structure, policy towards business, and the strategic innovations and blunders of individual firms. New coverage of professional sports, soft drinks, distilled spirits, and cigarettes complements revised and updated chapters on airline services, retail and commercial banking, health insurance, motion pictures, and brewing. The book includes firm case studies of General Motors, Microsoft, Schlitz, and TiVo.

This book provides an empirical understanding of how EU-level defence industrial cooperation functions in practice. Using the Liberal Intergovernmental theoretical model, the book argues that while national economic preferences are an essential factor of government interests they only explain part of the dynamic that leads to the development of defence industrial policy at EU level. Moving beyond a simple adumbration of economic preferences, it shows how the EU's institutional framework and corpus of law are used by governments to reaffirm their position as the ultimate arbiter and promoter of national economic preferences in the defence industrial sector. To this end, the work asks why and how EU member state governments, European defence firms, and EU institutions developed EU-level defence industrial policy between 2003 and 2009. The book also analyses significant policy developments, including the establishment of a European Defence Agency and two EU Directives on equipment transfers and defence procurement. This book will be of much interest to students of EU policy, defence studies, security studies and International Relations in general.

This book looks at the debates on global value chains (GVCs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) as springboards for industrial development in developing countries, especially India. It connects the outcomes in GVC-led industrial restructuring and upgrading to industrial policy choices in trade and FDI liberalisation, in particular those through FTAs. With the share of manufacturing in GDP stagnant at around 15-16% since the 1980s, India's policymakers have pinned their hopes on greater integration into GVCs to revitalise the manufacturing sector. The multiple FTAs the country has signed over the last few years, specifically the ones with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), South Korea, Malaysia and Japan have been sought to be rationalised using the same argument. The book argues that failing to factor in the industrial policy causalities involved in sustainable indigenous technology development, structural barriers to the entry into GVCs, the assessments of the available evidence on the adverse impact of trade and FDI liberalisation as well as existing FTAs on firm-level incentives for undertaking domestic production, and the industrial policy constraints imposed by FTAs can prove costly for the trajectories of developing country economies, including India. Rich in data, this book will be useful to scholars and researchers of development economics, economics in general, development studies and public policy as well as government bodies, industry experts and policymakers.

TWI Case Studies: Standard Work, Continuous Improvement, and Teamwork provides the insight of leading experts to assist in the execution of Training Within Industry (TWI) the game-changing business tool. Presented as a series of case studies from a range of corporations with a variety of products and needs, it illustrates the rebirth of TWI programs in the United States.Demonstrating how TWI can benefit any and all organizations regardless of industry, the book details the specific activities decision-makers need to accomplish to successfully incorporate TWI into the business culture including the Ten Points for Implementing and Sustaining the TWI "J" Programs. The case studies describe the use of TWI Programs at some of the world's leading companies, including: IBM Herman Miller Ben and Jerry's Homemade Ice Cream Green Mountain Coffee Roasters US Synthetic Born in the 1940s, and used to support the US military during World War II, TWI Programs later became the unrecognized yet powerful tools of the Toyota Production System. Imparting the fundamental skills that are useful across any field, the TWI programs described in this book are so fundamentally sound that using them to any degree will improve performance. Strict adherence will all but guarantee efficient work flow, higher employee morale, and an improved sense of cohesiveness among your employees.

First published in 1985, Prospects for Recovery in the British Economy examines the origins of the economic downturn of the early 1980s. The book explores the causes of the decrease in industrial production and employment during the early 1980s and considers the longer-term cyclical problems of the British economy. In doing so, it provides a detailed study on downturn and recovery from a variety of perspectives. Topics covered include the role of the financial markets; the decline in profitability and productivity in the manufacturing industry; and, the social implications of long-term trends. Prospects for Recovery in the British Economy is ideal for those with an interest in the history of the British economy and the history of economic thought.

In an increasingly technologically-led century the striking pattern emerging in firms' innovative activities is their competition for a technological leadership position in situations best described as races. A 'race' is an interactive pattern characterized by firms constantly trying to get ahead of their rivals, or trying not to fall too far behind. In high technology industries, where customers are willing to pay a premium for advanced technology, leadership translates into increasing returns in the market through positive network externalities. Innovation, Technology and Hypercompetition synthesizes and unifies the various methodological approaches for the industry-specific analysis of fast changing competitive positions driven by relentless innovation (hypercompetition). Game-theoretic and agent-based tools are applied to competitive industries in various market settings and in a global context. Rivalry of this sort is seen to extend to the catching up and forging ahead of regions and nations. In this revealing volume, Hans-Werner Gottinger brings his expert eye to this issue and employs various tools from economic theory to attain this end. He provides the behavioural foundations for what is driving globalization, in this, a volume of interest to academic economists, legal experts, management consultants and practitioners alike.

This comprehensive volume reviews recent scholarship regarding the role of the state in economic development. With a wide range of case studies of both successful and failed state-led development, the authors push the analysis of the developmental state beyond its original limitations and into the 21st century. New policies, institutional configurations, and state-market relations are emerging outside of East Asia, as new developmental states move beyond the historical experience of East Asian development. The authors argue for the continued relevance of the 'developmental state' and for understanding globalization and structural transformation through the lens of this approach. They further this concept by applying it to analyses of China, Latin America, and Africa, as well as to new frontiers of state-led development in Japan and the East Asian developmental states. This book expands the scope of research on state-led development to encompass new theoretical and methodological innovations and new topics such as governance, institution building, industrial policy, and the role of extractive industries. This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal Third World Quarterly.

Written by actual Toyota team members, One Team on All Levels: Stories from Toyota Team Members, Second Edition is not another technical explanation of the Toyota Production System (TPS). Rather, it illustrates the culture it creates. The stories, told by employees from various levels of the organization, illustrate how Toyota's presence in Kentucky has transformed the professional and personal lives of those who worked for the company. Demonstrates the culture created by the Toyota Production System Examines how the TPS principles and precepts serve as models for servant leadership Presents valuable insights from a wide range of Toyota team members from hourly to management-level Shows how Toyota partnered with the city of Georgetown and its community Supplying a first-hand look at the principles that have transformed Toyota into one of the leading manufacturers in the world, the book includes chapters that address how this manufacturing giant was able to survive and improve in the midst of a down economy and recent recalls. The real-life stories supply an unprecedented look at how the Toyota precepts and the fourteen Toyota Way principles can help you improve morale, avoid layoffs, and create a culture of continuous improvement within your organization.

First published in 1985, Comparative Industrial Relations is a comprehensive introductory text exploring the subject of cross-national comparisons of industrial relations. The book surveys, integrates and reviews a wealth of literature and research relating to comparative industrial relations structures and procedures. It covers key themes within industrial relations and incorporates material from a wide range of areas, including Western Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia. The considerable variety of differing practices and institutions are highlighted and examined, and extensive analysis and explanation is given to their similarities and differences. Comparative Industrial Relations provides detailed and varied perspectives on the contemporary state of knowledge within this important field.

Across the western world, there is a growing awareness of the importance of workplace learning, seen at the level of national and international policy, as well as in the developing practices of employers, training providers and Trades Unions. This key text is the first on workplace learning in a new series published in partnership with the Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP). Authoritative, accessible, and appealing, it presents key findings on work-based learning, bringing together conclusions from five different projects, and investigating a variety of workplace contexts. An extensive practical treatment, the included research has a unique combination of breadth of coverage and depth of understanding which significantly advances the understanding of workplace learning. This exceptional volume, grounded in rich and detailed empirical studies, challenges conventional thinking. It shows how workplace learning can be improved if close attention is paid to the relationship between organizational context, individual worker biographies, and regulatory frameworks. broad perspective on workplace learning as in, for, and through the workplace. A unique and broad-ranging text, Evans, Hodkinson, Rainbird and Unwin bring together social and individual perspectives to give an accessible overview of the key debates and explain the uneven impact of workplace learning policies. Practitioners, policy makers, students and academics with an interest in learning at work will find this an invaluable addition to their bookshelves.

Originally published in 1972, Incomes Policy and the Public Sector is a consideration of the work conducted by The National Board for Prices and Incomes from 1965 to 1970. The Board, commonly known as the PIB, was intended to be the instrument through which an incomes policy could be shaped and guided in Britain. This book looks first at the reports that it made, and the criteria and judgements used, and then examines incomes policy by studying its impact in several areas in the public sector. Incomes Policy and the Public Sector offers a comprehensive overview of incomes policy from 1965-1970 and puts the reader in touch with 'real economic situations'.

This book reports on a study that assessed the effectiveness of irrigation technologies and management practices in the Third World. Using a management model, it offers new perspectives on the evaluation of investment priorities and the benefits of irrigation projects in developing countries.