Prior to 1979, China had a bifurcated and geographically-dispersed industrial structure made up of a relatively small number of large-scale, state-owned enterprises in various industries alongside numerous small-scale, energy-intensive and polluting enterprises. Economic reforms beginning in 1979 led to the rapid expansion of these small-scale manufacturing enterprises in numerous energy-intensive industries such as aluminum, cement, iron and steel, and pulp and paper. Subsequently, the government adopted a new industrial development strategy labeled "grasp the large, let go the small." The aims of this new policy were to close many of the unprofitable, small-scale manufacturing plants in these (and other) industries, create a small number of large enterprises that could compete with OECD multinationals, entice these larger enterprises to engage in high-speed technological catch-up, and save energy. China's Technological Catch-Up Strategy traces the impact of this new industrial development strategy on technological catch-up, energy use, and CO2 emissions. In doing so, the authors explore several detailed, enterprise-level case studies of technological catch-up; develop industry-wide estimates of energy and CO2 savings from specific catch-up interventions; and present detailed econometric work on the determinants of energy intensity. The authors conclude that China's strategy has contributred to substantial energy and CO2 savings, but it has not led to either a peaking of or a decline in CO2 emissions in these industries. More work is needed to cap and reduce China's CO2 emissions.

The United Africa Company (UAC), formed in 1929 by the fusion of the Niger Company and the African and Eastern Corporation, was by far the largest single commercial organization in West and Equatorial Africa, and thus central to modern African economic history. This is the first detailed account to be published and one which fills a serious gap in the literature. It was not commissioned by the company (now reabsorbed into Unilever) but the author had full access to all confidential material in the UAC and Unilever archives and complete freedom in what he wrote. The book is not intended to be primarily a company history but uses the UAC as a focal point for detailed study of how the role of foreign merchant capital changed in response to economic and political developments in Black Africa during this critical half century.

This book charts the early days of Hampton, the fourth of Peterborough's new townships,1 from the time when, as the 'Brickpits', much of it was an area of complete desolation only considered suitable for landfilling, until it emerged as the largest development of its kind since Welwyn Garden City, in the 1930s. Along the way it will explain the challenges, many of them unique to this unusual site, which were faced by the very small team of pioneers tasked with creating a viable project in the most unpromising circumstances. By 2018 more than 5,000 homes have been erected at Hampton and more than 12,500 people now live there. How it came about that a company, which had no history of property development, should become involved in creating such a project with all its complexities is a matter of continuing interest especially at a time of national housing shortage. It does seem that, if we are to have any success in addressing our housing needs, we should learn the lessons of putting together a project on this s

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

"When economy and ecology are seamlessly enmeshed, then the economy will revolve at optimum speed. When they are not, then friction between them will slow both their cycles, grind down bio mass and release wasted economic heat." "Bio fuels have a greater atmospheric CO2 effect than fossil fuels. If we burn life, we add to atmospheric CO2, but also reduce the mass of CO2 absorbing life. If we burn fossil fuels, we add to atmospheric CO2, but the mass of life continues to live and breathe." (From the Lost Coefficient of Time) The Lost Coefficient of Time sets out to refute the assumption quoted below, which has informed the Carbon audits of the IPCC, carbon trading schemes, carbon footprint calculations, most university departments and in particular, the Zero Carbon Britain 2030 report by the Centre for Alternative Technology. "If biomass is burned, the chemistry is more or less reversed, and the original energy and raw material (CO2 and water) are released. There is then no net gain or loss of CO2, which is why biological fuels are considered to be "Carbon neutral." Patrick Noble is an organic farmer of over thirty years experience.