This two-volume collection presents the most important recent articles on empirical issues in industrial organization, related primarily to the analysis of imperfect competition. The papers cover empirical analysis of non-cooperative and cooperative oligopoly, auctions, differentiated product markets, dynamic competition and entry, plus selected work on innovation, vertical contractual relationships, and incentive issues. New research in these areas relies on detailed data for specific industries, typically integrates modern imperfect competition theory into the empirical specifications, commonly uses structural empirical models derived directly from microeconomic theory, and applies modern econometric techniques. This work and the associated techniques play an increasingly important role in antitrust policy, market design and in newly deregulated markets. This collection provides an easily accessible source of the key papers on these topics, which are otherwise not readily available. Empirical Industrial Organization will be of interest to policymakers as well as academics and students.

Regulatory Economics and Quantitative Methods comprises original contributions by leading researchers working on issues relating to regulation in Latin America. They focus on regulation in infrastructure industries and attempt to show how quantitative analysis can contribute to more effective regulation. In particular, they discuss central issues relating to the measures used for benchmarking natural monopolies, incentives and contractual arrangements used in the regulatory environment and the impact of regulation and regulatory processes. The analysis throughout the book is both theoretical and applied, with numerous illustrations drawn from various infrastructure sectors such as electricity, water, telecommunications and ports. An innovative feature of the contributions is the link they make between solving the practical problems faced by regulators in various sectors and in helping them to improve the design of policy. The book will be of great interest to academics and students of regulatory economics, as well as those interested in the application of econometrics and general equilibrium modelling. It will also be of interest to government officials and regulators in Latin America, Africa and Eastern European Countries.

Rural America is at a crossroads in its economic development. Like regions of other First World nations, the traditional economic base of rural communities in the United States is rapidly deteriorating. Natural resources, including agriculture, show little prospect for generating future job growth, and manufacturing has become a new source of instability. Faced with these changes and an increasing vulnerability to international economic events, rural communities have begun to seek high-technology industries and advanced services as candidates for job growth and economic stability. What is the potential for high-tech growth outside the largest cities? What is the role of high-tech industry in the economic development of non-metropolitan America? This book provides a hard-nosed look at the high-tech potential in rural economic development. Some of the questions Glasmeier addresses include: Are rural areas attractive to high tech? Will high tech follow earlier patterns and filter down the lowest-paid jobs to rural areas? Will rural communities be bypassed completely for even lower-wage Third World locations? Glasmeier answers in a sober analysis that separates fact from myth. Empirical data reveals the kinds of high-tech jobs that locate in rural areas, and the kinds of rural areas that attract high-tech jobs. This analysis leads to a highly critical evaluation of state and local economic development policy and recommendations for its improvement. This book is a must for policymakers, practitioners, scholars, and an informed public interested in the promise of high tech and the future of US economic development.

Universities are increasingly expected to be at the heart of networked structures contributing to society in meaningful and measurable ways through research, the teaching and development of experts, and knowledge innovation. While there is nothing new in universities' links with industry, what is recent is their role as territorial actors. It is government policy in many countries that universities - and in some countries national laboratories - stimulate regional or local economic development. Universities, Innovation and the Economy explores the implications of this expectation. It sites this new role within the context of broader political histories, comparing how countries in Europe and North America have balanced the traditional roles of teaching and research with that of exploitation of research and defining a territorial role. Helen Lawton-Smith highlights how pressure from the state and from industry has produced new paradigms of accountability that include responsibilities for regional development. This book uses empirical evidence from studies conducted in North America and Europe to provide an overview of the changing geography of university-industry links.

The systems of innovation approach is considered by many to be a useful analytical approach for better understanding innovation processes as well as the production and distribution of knowledge in the economy. It is an appropriate framework for the empirical study of innovations in their contexts and is relevant for policy makers. This text is the result of the work within an international inter-disciplinary network or "working seminar" with the task of building a more solid and sophisticated conceptual and theoretical foundation for the continued study of innovations in a systemic context. The book has three parts. The first presents an overview and tries to work out some conceptual problems. In the second, the systems of innovation approach is related to innovation theory. Part three is devoted to increasing understanding of the functioning and dynamics of systems of innovation. There is also an introduction where the genesis and anatomy of different systems of innovation approaches are discussed and where the systems of innovation approach is characterized in nine dimensions.

In an era of accelerating change in the world economy, services are assuming greater importance for the economies of both developed and developing countries. As technological developments allow increasing tradeability of services, huge global firms are offering services across national boundaries. This important book explores the global impact of this economic phenomenon from both empirical and theoretical perspectives.

As China has blended market reforms with comprehensive industrial policies, most research has focused on the national government's strategies for economic growth. However, one of the unique characteristics of industrial policy in China is that it involves government intervention at all levels, from the political elite all the way down to village leaders. This book focuses on the domestic appliance industry, and China's three major business groups in this area - Haier, Hisense and Aucma. The Haier Group, in particular, is one of the most successful and competitive enterprises in China and is very well-placed to compete globally as the Chinese economy becomes more integrated with the world trading system. This volume shows how industrial policy is formulated at the national level and implemented at the local level, and examines how local government frequently intervenes in local enterprises' business strategy and management. Of practical importance, this book provides academics, business people and policy makers with valuable insights into the development process and a concrete understanding of the challenges faced in the global business revolution by one of the world's most dynamic economies.

The task faced by modern labour market analysts is a complex one. Alternative working arrangements are collectively referred to as 'non-standard employment' even though they lack a common set of characteristics in terms of participants, occupations and skill levels. This section of the labour market can no longer be regarded as peripheral. Workers Without Traditional Employment aims to provide a comprehensive and global analysis of the significant changes in employment relationships that have occurred over the last two decades. The author discusses the incidence, causes, and social and economic implications of non-standard employment. Shifts in the nature of employment are placed within the wider context of modern labour markets seeking to cope with rapid changes in international business practice and the pressures of a globalised economy. The book argues that while much non-standard employment has country-specific aspects, there exists a common set of underlying factors influencing the spread of non-standard employment across the world. The final part of the book deals with the implications of employment change for work/family interaction and examines likely future trends. This book will be invaluable reading for academics and researchers in economics, business and industrial relations as well as social scientists and professionals within the business world.

This innovative book analyses the role and importance of investment in knowledge and fixed capital as two distinct sources of technological change. It provides a balance to most of the recent literature on technological change, which focuses almost exclusively on R&D and intangible investment in innovation and technological assets. The author shows how innovative investment in fixed capital still represents a central part of innovation in firms. The book begins by reviewing the major economic approaches to technology and innovation. It discusses the progressive shift from capital (embodied) investment to disembodied investment including R&D and design. Using one of the most extensive data sources, Rinaldo Evangelista empirically tests whether disembodied technological activities are more important than traditional investment in productive capital. Perhaps surprisingly, the evidence suggests that fixed productive capital emerges as the most relevant and widespread source of investment in innovation across firms and industrial sectors. The author concludes that even in high-tech industries embodied and disembodied technological activities are complementary rather than substitutive. This book will be welcomed by those interested in technological and innovation studies, industrial organization and business strategy.

Originally published in 1980, this book by a group of international lawyers and experts from the energy industries suggests ways in which the law may have to change to cope with developments in the oil and nuclear energy industries and the way they impact on marine pollution. Incorporating issues arising on an international and comparative basis, the book discusses the approaches made to marine pollution problems by the UK, EU and USA.

Originally published in 1974, was a pioneering study which summarized, within the pre-existing framework of atmospheric knowledge, the more significant findings that emerged from the first decade of climatological analyses of meteorological satellite data. It shows how these data complement and extend the traditional coverage of climatology. The book draws together in one volume research findings which were not previously available in book form and which significantly improve the understanding of climate, especially in regions that were conventionally data-remote.

Originally published in 1987, this volume examines the ideals and realities of river use in 19th Century Britain and the failure of legal and technological remedies for river pollution. It deals with the involvement of scientists, particularly chemists, in pollution inquiries and considers the effects on the normal workings of the scientific community of scientists' participation in the adversary forums in which water and sewage policy was made. It discusses 19th ideas of decomposition, disease causation and purification and examines the gap between the abilities of science and the needs of society that developed as the existence of water-borne disease became increasingly clear. It also deals with the politicization of water bacteriology and the emergence of a technology of biological sewage treatment from a political context.

Originally published in 1980, this book is an original approach to the study of the atmosphere at A Level and introductory undergraduate courses. A true understanding of the way the atmosphere works is only attainable on a firm basis of science and the book concentrates on this aspect in a clear and straightforward manner without introducing advanced mathematics. The book discusses the atmosphere in terms of a machine fuelled by the Sun and it deals with the energy involved in global circulations before looking at local processes and finally global patterns. With a clear recognition of the vulnerability of climate to our wellbeing on a global scale, this book remains as relevant now as when it was first published.

Originally published in 1994, this book links the distant past with the urgent problems of today, taking the reader on a literary and scientific tour of global pollution from pre-history to the post-industrial age. Ancient problems such as lead poisoning in Rome and water pollution in Mesopotamia provide the background to a discussion of modern catastrophes including the hole in the ozone layer, climate change and the global drinking water crisis. The book chronicles 800 years of pollution in London, charts the growth of environmental activism and spotlights the rise of the consumer society as the driving force behind today's malaise.

Originally published in 1974 this volume brings together contributions from lawyers, a nuclear physicist, a landscape architect, biologist, engineers and a former Inspector of the International Atomic Energy Agency. It covers technical and legal information on air, water, sea, land and noise pollution and provides a comprehensive guide, summary and introduction to the journal literature in separate but relevant disciplines. All of the contributors have specialised in studies in pollution control and contributed to the debate on use and management of the environment.

Oil pollution has been a major environmental concern since the 1920s. The search for a solution has ranged from prevention to partial measures coupled with compensation and remedial action. This book, originally published in 1987, offers a different assessment of the efforts of governments and the oil and maritime industries. It was also the first book to provide a comprehensive story of control policies and practices, using primary and secondary sources. The book identified numerous factor - personalities, state policies, developments in the oil and shipping industries, public agitation and scientific studies in a framework useful for analysing any environmental problem.

Originally published in 1994 this volume includes contributions from environmental scientists, consultants and research workers. The incidence and effects of the phenomenon of acid rain in the late 1970s, 80s and early 1990s , as well as certain remedies, are discussed at length. The roles of vehicles and power stations are examined in detail and legal aspects of curbing acid rain are considered.

Originally published in 1973 and based on papers published in The International Journal of Environmental Studies, this book discusses the impact of road vehicles on the environment. Particular stress is laid on the design of towns and vehicles, economic problems associated with these, the responsibility of planners and the integration of transport planning and environmental planning at local, regional and national levels. Subsequent sections cover the science of accident research and legislation, particularly dealing with global pollution control. Many of the problems discussed remain as pressing today as when this book was first published.

Originally published in 1973, this book has enduring relevance in the 21st Century. Asking difficult questions it encourages the reader to think about the individual and societal changes which are needed to protect the planet and the health and prosperity of future generations. Despite the title of the book, it covers air, water and land pollution, evolution, the industrial revolution, the growth of technology, climatology and meteorology, pollution legislation and the economics of a green economy.

Originally published in 1987, this book showcases global examples of people and communities who are learning to use the world's resources without despoiling them for future generations. It includes chapters on nomadic life in Kenya, food supply in a Peruvian shantytown and a Buddhist monk in Sri Lanka who advises about tree planting and watersheds. Amidst climate change and environmental destruction this book looks at the world through the eyes of the people who tend it and finds hope in their growing understanding of their environment and in their willingness to live within the Earth's resources.

Originally published in 1985, this volume of essays was compiled in honour of Gordon Manley, a major and distinctive twentieth-century figure in climatology. The range and scope of the topics covered reflect the eclectic interests of Manley, whose orientation was always towards the importance of climate and its impact on mankind. The state of the art of climatic change is considered at different scales by the contributors: from instrumental records on a local scale from Durham and Manchester to discussions on the regional and continental scale. Methodological problems relating to climatic change are treated. The effects of climate and climatic change on plant distribution, disease vectors and agricultural pests are also considered.

This book, first published in 1945, is based primarily on some fifty regional reports submitted to the Government between 1941 and 1943. The original reports, condensed and brought together in this volume, were for the most part prepared by members of university departments of economics or geography.

This book, first published in 1984, is the first systematic attempt in English to produce an analytical as well as a descriptive outline of the operations, management and role of the Soviet industrial enterprise. The microeconomics of central planning is a relatively neglected area of analysis with most effort being directed towards the theory of economic incentives. This book fills that gap by presenting an integrated view of the theory of the socialist firm. It concentrates on the day-to-day activities of the Soviet enterprise, and uses a wealth of unused Soviet data to project its findings.

During the 1980s and 1990s, organisations have undergone both regulation and deregulation. This set of papers written by a distinguished selection of international experts examines the nature of regulation, its evolution in particular sectors and its impact on social and economic equality. It draws on social theory concerned with the nature of regulation and order in modern societies as well as providing as a series of detailed analyses of particular forms of regulatory regimes in national and international contexts. This book, first published in 1999, should be of particular interest to management and business researchers, sociologists and political economists concerned with the process of regulation and its impact on organisations and management.

Large industrial enterprises are an important phenomena in advanced Western economies. They control large percentages of total industrial assets, employ millions of workers and together with their dependent satellite firms produce their own spatial patterns of employment, location of production capacity and flow of material and information, and thus dominate the economic base of whole towns. This study, first published in 1980, surveys a massive amount of work on large industrial firms, and features an in-depth study of the growth of large industrial enterprises in the UK brewing industry from 1951-76. This illustrates many of the themes discussed in the book.