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Books > Business & Economics > Industry & industrial studies > General
The relationship between trade policy and industrialization has
provoked much controversy. Can trade policy promote economic growth
in developing countries? Those actively working in the area are
becoming increasingly sceptical about the conventional advice given
by international policy advisors and organizations.
This volume provides new insights to the history of international business. The international group of authors, drawn from the United States, Canada, Britain and Japan, address two main themes: How has global business developed over the last century? And what has been its impact on host economies? These original and wide-ranging essays, prefaced by an extensive editorial introduction, are required reading in courses on international business.
The impact of technological change on market structure can be much more drastic than that of traditional sources of competition, such as price. However, the analysis of such change is derived from two discrete perspectives: economics and organizational behaviour. In this study, these two traditions are brought together. The authors present an economic analysis of technological change and market structure, and an organizational strategy towards technological change and corporate structure. In a radical departure from tradition, the connections between technological change and market structure cannot be properly understood without appreciating the role of firms' strategic visions. It also shows that direct measurement of the rate of technological change (as opposed to traditional, indirect measures like patent counts and R&D expenditure) is essential if changes in market structure are to be understood. Theoretical arguments are developed through case studies of some of the most innovative and fast moving industries in the world, including software, micro-processors and biotechnology.
This book studies how a technological innovation -- in this case the computer -- progresses from its origin as an idea in someone's mind to its eventual manifestation as a useable and marketable consumer product.
This book studies how a technological innovation -- in this case the computer -- progresses from its origin as an idea in someone's mind to its eventual manifestation as a useable and marketable consumer product.
Israel's industrial geography is unique. The continuing Arab-Israeli conflict has been a primary force behind government intervention in settlement patterns, and has led to a major effort to disperse industry. The geo-political situation has also encouraged a policy of attempted self-reliance, especially for defence purposes. These factors, combined with an abundant human capital, have given Israeli high-technology industries a special place in the international division of labour. The absorption of waves of mass immigration has influenced industrial development. Rural industrialization, mainly by the kibbutz (communal settlement) movement, is another unique feature. "The Industrial Geography of Israel" attempts to present a comprehensive overview of industrial spatial development of Israel from the Ottoman era to present times, evaluating industrial dispersal policy, corporate geography, high-technology industries, entrepreneurship and rural industrial development. The spatial development of Israeli industry is set within the broader context of Israel's political and economic development and of global economic change.
In recent years there has been a spectacular growth in the technological capabilities of developing countries and in outward direct investment from firms based in these countries. "Technological Innovation and Third World Multinationals" argues that these phenomena are related. The emerging technological capabilities of Third World firms are allied to the cumulative growth of their outward direct investment. The existence and accumulation of technological capabilities is thus a determinant as well as an effect of their international production activities. Evidence is presented on the unique, innovative activities of MNEs from Asia and Latin America which, although at an early stage, have become increasingly important as international production evolves and as developing countries advance through higher stages of industrial development.
Concept of the Corporation was the first study ever of the constitution, structure, and internal dynamics of a major business enterprise. Basing his work on a two-year analysis of the company done during the closing years of World War II, Drucker looks at the General Motors managerial organization from within. He tries to understand what makes the company work so effectively, what its core principles are, and how they contribute to its successes. The themes this volume addresses go far beyond the business corporation, into a consideration of the dynamics of the so-called corporate state itself. When the book initially appeared, General Motors managers rejected it as unfairly critical and antibusiness. Yet, the GM concept of the corporation and its principles of organization later became models for organizations worldwide. Not only businesses, but also government agencies, research laboratories, hospitals, and universities have found in Concept of the Corporation a basis for effective organization and management. Because it offers a fundamental theory of corporate goals, this book is a valuable resource for business professionals and organization analysts. It will also be of interest to students and professionals in economics, public administration, and political science. Professional and technical readers who admire Peter Drucker's work will want to be certain this volume is in their personal library. At a time when everything from the size to the structure of corporations is being questioned, this classic should prove a valuable guide.
Industrialization is still the factor that distinguishes the modern world from the past, and advanced countries from undeveloped ones. In this revised and expanded edition, Tom Kemp uses the historical record of industrialization to explore key questions about its impact and the significance we assign to it. The book adopts a thematic approach to examine the roles of technology, banking, transport and the state; the fate of the peasantry in an industrializing society; and the changing features of industrial capitalism in the latter part of the 19th century. It features four contrasted case studies from outside Europe - India, Canada, Japan and, for the first time in this second edition, South Africa. It is aimed at 1st year University/Polytechnic students and is suitable for courses in economic history, social history, development studies, applied economics, international economics and area studies.
In "Technology and Industrial Growth in Pre-War Japan," Yukiko
Fukasaku examines development in Japan in the pre-War period, and
views the achievements of this period as central to the present
competitiveness of the country's industrial technology. She gives
particular emphasis to the crucial role played by training and
research in the accumulation of technological capability and the
assimilation of imported technology.
In both Marxist and non-Marxist scholarship there has been a remarkable neglect of the managerial control of labour. John Storey's analysis of the modern labour process shows that managerial control is in fact more precarious than has been so far recorded. This book, first published in 1983, reassesses the Braverman theory of the inexorable degradation of work, and demonstrates the need to go beyond not only Braverman but also most of the ensuing attempts to complement or repair his underlying thesis. The book will be of interest to students of the social sciences.
The interpretation of anaphora - how we interpret expressions such as definite pronouns (he, she, it) and verbal elliptical phrases (such as "did so, too") in the course of ordinary conversation or reading - is an important aspect of language comprehension. In this book the author examines the research and evidence on anaphor interpretation within the context of the mental models theory of comprehension, arguing that the notion of a mental model is essential to the detailed description of the processes of anaphor resolution. The general philosophy of the mental models approach and the nature of mental models themselves and their role in language processing is discussed, followed by a review of methodological issues that bear on the interpretation of psychological research findings. Against this background, the author's own research on areas such as deep and surface anaphora, reference into anaphoric islands, the role of implicit causality in anaphor resolution and the use of pronouns to refer to characters introduced by stereotyped role names is presented. At all times the author's research is set within the context of the general literature on anaphor resolution derived from the disciplines of linguistics, psycholinguistics, philosophy and computational linguistics, ensuring that the book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in these fields.
Multinational enterprises play a vital role in the economic
activity of most developing countries. In India MNE affiliates
dominate whole sectors of industry - such as plastics and
pharmaceuticals - characterised by a high degree of product
differentiation, complex technology and high skill intensity. Such
advantages, combined with intangible assets, centralised decision
making and global outlook lead to a divergence of approach between
MNEs and their local counterparts in host developing
countries.
This book addresses the widespread concern regarding British industry's ability to compete internationally. Through an analysis of the UK automotive components sector, the author examines the central issues at the core of the competitiveness debate and outlines why there has been such a widespread and severe decline in the performance of British manufacturing. It draws on findings from visits to thirty British manufacturers and also to thirty overseas manufacturers in Germany, the USA and Japan, matched on a product basis to allow comparisons and a genuine international perspective. The author concludes that competitive decline is due, in part, to a weakness in the strategic management capability of many UK companies, and also to the lack of adequate co-ordination and co-operation between customer and supplier industries. Dr Carr identifies the remaining areas of vulnerability and priorities for action, and finally considers the implications for Britain's overall competitiveness.
This new edition is up-dated and revised, incorporating the changes in the USSR and China in the 1980s. It offers a series of case-studies charting the progress and assessing the achievement of six industrializing countries outside the Western World - Japan, the Soviet Union, India, Brazil and Nigeria. It covers the whole range of economic approaches, from those depending wholly on market forces to those that are completely planned.
Assesses the EC's approach to the liberalization of service trade and warns of the dangers of seeking 'equivalent reciprocity'. It suggests a different approach and set of objectives more appropriate to the GATT. This book should be of interest to lecturers and students of business, trade and economics, consultants.
This book provides new insights into the performance of key economies in the Asia-Pacific region during the last three decades. It critically examines productivity growth, factor accumulation and economic efficiency at both the macro and micro levels. The authors use a variety of empirical techniques to measure the sources of economic growth in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and China. The techniques employed range from traditional growth accounting to econometric frontier estimation and data envelopment analysis. As a comparison to the Asia-Pacific region, the growth experiences of G7 and 18 OECD countries are analyzed. The authors consider, among other issues, the influential role of trade in the region, macroeconomic management, income, capital, labor productivity, technology and investment. This innovative new book will be of interest to students and scholars of growth economics, public policy and Asian studies.
Industrialization is still the factor that distinguishes the modern world from the past, and advanced countries from undeveloped ones. In this revised and expanded edition, Tom Kemp uses the historical record of industrialization to explore key questions about its impact and the significance we assign to it. The book adopts a thematic approach to examine the roles of technology, banking, transport and the state; the fate of the peasantry in an industrializing society; and the changing features of industrial capitalism in the latter part of the 19th century. It features four contrasted case studies from outside Europe - India, Canada, Japan and, for the first time in this second edition, South Africa. It is aimed at 1st year University/Polytechnic students and is suitable for courses in economic history, social history, development studies, applied economics, international economics and area studies.
Proceedings of a workshop organized by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Energy, Berlin, Germany, 19-20 October 1987.
...as an up-to-date and intelligible an account of large areas of British industry as you will find...It will be a valuable handbook for a variety of users: students and teachers(its prijmary audience), businessmen or coivil servants.' British Business
Over the past two decades, emerging market multinationals have become an important force in international business. This book provides a better understanding of the actions and strategies used by firms from mid-sized emerging markets to upgrade their capabilities and become successful multinationals. It is the first book to provide an in-depth look at Mexican multinationals, or 'Multimexicans'. These include some of the leading firms in the world, such as the construction materials producer Cemex and the tortilla maker Grumasa, as well as smaller but innovative firms such as the theme park Kidzania and the cinema multicomplex Cinepolis. This comprehensive analysis contains case studies written by local industry experts on these and other firms, across twenty-two industries. The lessons drawn will be of interest to researchers, students, and consultants, as well as managers and executives of firms in other emerging markets looking to upgrade capabilities and expand abroad.
During the last few decades, commercial gambling has increased substantially throughout the Western world. More people than ever before have access to sources of legalised gambling, leading to bumper revenues for the institutions involved. Naturally enough, this has led to an increased interest in the area of the economics of betting. This book addresses the issues raised by the continued growth of the gambling sector. How can we model the behaviour of people who seemingly act irrationally? What are the implications of different tax policies with regard to gambling? Are casinos capable of taking money away from state-run lotteries and the causes they fund? Can bookmakers' odds be influenced in such a way as to make the gambling market inefficient? The authors in this volume provide insights based on data from many different countries, including England, the USA, Australia, Spain and Cyprus. This volume brings together work which addresses the economic impact of the huge growth of commercial gambling in the Western world, as well as trying to model the cognitive processes which can explain why individuals are prepared to behave in such apparently irrational ways. This book was published as a special issue of Applied Economics. The academic editor of this journal is Mark P. Taylor.
First published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The first major synthesis of an emerging geography which is
undoubtedly changing the way in which academics, planners and
policy-makers identify and interpret the spatial development of
cities and regions in the 1980s. |
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