This book delves into topics on pilgrimage travel and communities from a variety of perspectives through academic research based on the Middle East, Northeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Europe, where sacred sites have become of great importance for both international and domestic tourism. In particular, Europe and Asia possess a high volume of world-renowned pilgrimage sites that are currently being developed as tourism destinations in their respective countries, such as Santiago de Compostela (Spain), Lourdes (France), and Koyasan (Japan). This book includes studies on these two continents that harbor both a great history of pilgrimage tradition, as well as tourism development related to religious travel. The book importantly covers the role of the community in religious tourism, as well as the impact on the locals, which is comparatively an unexplored area. Whilst pilgrimage is seen as an effective tool to revitalize local economies, this book also reveals the different challenges to achieving this goal. Realizing the importance of the interrelationship of community and pilgrimage travel, as well as the lack of studies on it, this book seeks to address this research gap through 14 chapters divided into two parts, ‘Communities and Constestation’ and ‘Pilgrimage Shaping Communities’. To ensure diverse perspectives, case studies from different Eurasian countries, written by authors with expertise in the study of pilgrimage and religious travel, are included. Readers can expect to gain new perspectives by having a deeper comprehension of the ‘community side‘ of pilgrimage travel in Eurasia, and thus an integral understanding of contemporary pilgrimage

This proceedings book showcases papers presented at the 2022 Rethinking Management and Economics in the (New) 20s conference in Leiria, Portugal. Rethinking Management and Economics in the (New) 20's is focused on the investigation of key challenges and perspectives of Management and Economics. The chapters in this book explore new avenues of research and cover theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies related to different themes in the global context of Management and Economics. This book contributes towards deepening our understanding of what the new problems associated with achieving the goals of management and Economics in the 2020s and present possible solutions to the problems. This book is ideal for economists, businesses, managers, accountants, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in the current issues and advancements in corporate governance and earnings management.

This book examines the role of trade unions vis-a-vis management in the People's Republic of China from 1949 to the present day. It deals with the evolution, reform and consolidation of the Chinese labour movement and, particularly, the role of the main arm of Chinese organized labour, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) at both the apex and grass-roots levels. It not only covers the recent history of Chinese trade unions but also assesses their strategy and structure and membership as well as their legal context. After this, it goes on to consider their role vis-a-vis management in both the State-owned as well as the foreign-funded sectors. Last, it compares their activities with organized labour in three Overseas Chinese societies, namely Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan.

This book uses a unique survey of manufacturing firms in Zimbabwe to analyze firm-level responses to economic liberalization. The focus on labor and financial markets, investment behaviour, the determinants of entrepreneurship, productivity growth and efficiency, export performance, firm growth, and resource shifts between different manufacturing activities. Understanding these determinants is crucial to evaluating the success or failure of structural adjustment.

The book deals with the concept of urban infrastructure and the strong evolution of globalization, in particular the driving force taken by global cities. Urban infrastructure is a constituent part of the global cities, both have a synergistic evolution. The main reference is to western global cities in the intertwining of financialization, settling and brownfield which is a little different from the urbanization of other global cities of other non- developed countries, or emerging countries. There is therefore a significant link between globalization and urban infrastructure. The occurrence of slowbalization can have consequences on urban areas infrastructures and more generally on the different dichotomy between global city and nation. With the pandemic infectious and the post COVID, there is already a different configuration between the global city and the rest of the national territory. A driving element of the urban infrastructure and the global city has been the financialization and identification of assets within global cities. Urban infrastructure as an asset has grown considerably in the last two decades, in the wake of what has already been highlighted previously for real estate. There are contiguous issues that affect the concept of urban infrastructures and they are the enormous growth of finance and the landings of this in the great cities of the world with investments that first involved Real Estate and then urban infrastructures. There has also been a technological revolution that has merged the ubiquitous technological infrastructure with other more traditional components of the infrastructure, even apparently recent themes, such as smart cities, come from this evolutionary trend and merge with urban infrastructures. The theme of smart cities, if properly interpreted, gives strength to the concept of urban infrastructure.

Nearly one half of the world's urban population lives in poverty and about 800 million people occupy substandard housing. This "housing crisis" has continued unabated despite over 20 years of research and policy. At the forefront of new policy initiatives, confirmed by recent conferences such as Habitat II in Istanbul, is an inititiative to afford greater priority to finance, yet, with the expediation that the provision of small quantities of finance to low-income households will bring real improvements to the quality and quantity of housing provision. This book explores the linkages between formal and informal housing finance drawing upon the lessons of NGO and micro-finance practices. Both public and private formal finance institutions have experienced great difficulty in lending below a middle-income client group, and are often reluctant to lend for the purpose of housing at all. This failure of formal finance to filter down to low-income households, and in particular to women, has led various NGOs and community groups to create and adopt innovative finance programmes, such as informal savings banks and credit rotating schemes. The authors critically assesses the impact of these

The Business Guides are aimed at business people requiring an accurate and up-to-date guide to how business is orfganised and regulated in Asia.
Business Guides aim to cover: *negociation preparation *foreign trade *Customs *business law *financing *marketing and distribution *taxation *intellectual property *foreign investment *economic conditions and trends

The Business Guide to the Philippines, part of the Business Guide to Asia Series, provides detailed information on setting up and running business ventures in the Philippines.
All contributors are experts and specialists in their fields, providing you with an unparalleled wealth of insider knowledge. Each chapter is packed with the kind of information and advice usually available only to elite clients with large budgets for outside consultants.
Business Guides will include th following countries: *Japan *Malaysia *Hong Kong *India *Thailand *Korea *Indonesia *China * Singapore *Taiwan *Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia

Detailed technical information normally only available from consultants
Information about the Philippines is very difficult to find

This book focuses on the antitrust process and how that process affects the efficiency of antitrust law enforcement. The contributors share a wide range of experiences in the antitrust process, including academia, the legal environment, and both private and public sectors. The book deals first with merger activities, followed by non-merger enforcement initiatives and concludes with an examination of the future role of antitrust.

This book opens up a critical dimension to the field of industrial ecology. The book discusses the post COVID-19 trends in the field of industrial ecology and evolving practices adopted by firms for betterment of environment and society. The authors identify valuable lessons to be learned and present conceptual frameworks to guide future industrial ecology applications. Transforming industrial systems into closed-loop industrial ecosystems dramatically reduces the negative impact of industrial activities on the environment. Therefore, this book is important not only for operation management scholars but also those who are interested in ensuring an environmentally sustainable future.

Contents:
I. Introduction
1. The Japanese system of technology and innovation preparing for the 21st century Martin Hemmert and Christian Oberländer
II. Institutional Structure and Technology Policy
2. Restructuring basic, applied and developmental research: changes in allocation of R&D Tomohiro Watanabe and Akira Goto
3. The interaction between technology and economy: has the 'virtuous cycle' of Japan's technological innovation system collapsed? Chihiro Watanabe and Martin Hemmert
III. Organization, Management, and Business-Government Relations
4. Higher education in Japan from the perspective of R&D Shin'ichi Yamamoto
5. Internationalizing Japanese science Brendan Barker
6. ERATO as an organizational innovation in Japanese basic research Ken Kusunoki
7. The Japanese business system from creation and diffusion of technological knowledge: time for change? Hiroyuki Odagiri
8. Reorganization of R&D in Japanese manufacturing firms: preserving competitiveness for the 21st century Martin Hemmert
9. Collaborative research in Japan and the West: a case-study of Britain's response to MITI's fifth generation computer initiative Tim Ray
IV. Major Fields of Science and Technology
10. Research and development in Japan's pharmaceutical industry: the biological revolution, gene therapy and public policy Christian Oberländer
11. R&D consortia in the 1990s: national competitiveness and international cooperation in the case of semiconductors Koki Inoue
12. Japanese nanotechnology Tanya Sienko
13. Japanese R&D activities in advanced materials: the case of superconductivity research Michael Becht

Marketing Professional Services is a uniquely focused, incisive and practical introduction to new business planning, marketing and selling skills for those in the professional services sector. It is for professionals who have to sell to professionals.

Professionals of all types, from accountants and consultants to surveyors and solicitors who have trained in a specific technical skill will understand the power of good clear marketing practice reading this book. If you have to sell yourself and your service to clients this book shows you:
* The importance of winning new business in an increasingly competitive, deregulated market
* How to plan for winning new business including a full script for cold calls
* The techniques, skills and resources required in order to achieve your goals focusing on the three P's of Preparation, Prospection and Persistence
Individual chapters provide you with a basic grounding in separate sales and marketing issues - from prospecting and cold canvassing to direct marketing and public relations. The book includes sample interactive conversations and provides a constant source of reference for the professional sales person. It is based on long experience of training in this sector and is a short, practical and appropriate introduction to the key concepts.
Addresses the specific needs of a hitherto underpublished market
Light and pacy approach based on tested training materials
Written by a very experienced and articulate practitioner

The information technology manager's role has changed significantly over the past decade. The performance of an organization is increasingly dependent on the performance of the information technology unit and its top executive. Here the author offers a fly on the wall view of the executive level activities of five Chief Information Officers (CIOs), operating in different industries. Profiles of these CIOs provide valuable insights into the strategic impact of this new role. Profiles of these CIOs, developed from over 200 hours of direct observation, provide valuable insights into the strategic impact of this new role. Other CIOs, executives, information technology researchers, information technology students in upper level or graduate courses, managers of technology and innovation, systems managers, and those interested in organizational behavior will all gain a greater understanding of the CIO's critical role within today's organizations.

The day-to-day work habits of each CIO are observed for one work week, including meetings, mail, phone calls, and travel. The CIOs represent five distinct industries: utilities, manufacturing, government agency, insurance, and university. Despite very different work cultures, all demonstrate a remarkable ability to think on their feet and remain detached from highly charged turf battles. These high tech executives have the playwright's high touch; they are keenly aware of the power of figurative language and the timing of events.

A generation of magnificent scholars, from Peter Drucker to Jack Welch, have taught us that understanding business issues and the profound changes the world's economy is undergoing makes sense if set in historical context. Today the best managers in the world demand to know how things came to be as they are. This collection of essays is designed to give the reader an historical perspective on the fastest growing sector of the work force: knowledge workers. The articles tell you how knowledge workers evolved from manufacturing and agricultural jobs and then go on to give you some insight as to what the future roles of knowledge workers will be. The readings in this volume come from a variety of sources not normally looked at by managers and business executives. There are reports from historians, sociologists, academics, and economic experts. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction on the material, its significance, and something about the context in which it was written, including brief biographical comments on the author. The Rise of the Knowledge Worker is intended for business people, managers, leaders, government employees, and students.

The rebirth of competition and the extensive "exit" that has resulted are among the most important developments in Central Europe since the demise of Communism. This text examines why, how, and to what extent enterprises have reduced their size or left the market altogether during the first years of the transition from socialism to capitalism in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland.

This is the ninth volume in a series of studies on entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth. The work looks at social and technological factors affecting mid-size businesses, including: education; job training; health policy; and, information technology.

This book coaches marketing practitioners and students how to best satisfy the needs of the older consumer population. It first highlights the heterogeneity of the older consumer market, then examines the specific needs of the older consumer. Lastly, the book highlights the most effective ways of reaching and serving older consumer segments for different products and services such as financial services, food and beverages, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, and travel among others. It presents segment-to-industry specific strategies that help marketers develop more refined and targeted micro-marketing strategies and customer relationship management (CRM) systems for building and retaining a large base of older customers. These strategies also help demonstrate how companies can make decisions that increase profitability not only by satisfying consumer needs and wants, but also by creating positive change and improvement in consumer well-being.

First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

EBES conferences have been intellectual hub for academic discussion in economics, finance, and business fields and provide network opportunities for participants to make long lasting academic cooperation. This is the 23rd volume of the Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics (EBES's official proceeding series) which includes selected papers from the 36th EBES Conference - Istanbul. The conference was organized on July 1-3, 2021 in hybrid mode with both online and in-person presentation. In the conference, 141 papers by 311 colleagues from 49 countries were presented. Both theoretical and empirical papers in this volume cover diverse areas of business, economics, and finance from many different regions. Therefore, it provides a great opportunity to colleagues, professionals, and students to catch up with the most recent studies in different fields and empirical findings on many countries and regions.

This study inquires into the reliability and general usability of Soviet statistics of the physical output of industrial commodities, with particular reference to the period beginning with the Five-Year Plans.

Reconciling wealth creation and environmental care is one of the key challenges in the pursuit of sustainable development. Companies considering greener modes of operation are mindful of their formal responsibilities to advance shareholders' interests. The age of globalization and intensified competition has increased disincentives to be 'green' for its own sake. And yet, a surprisingly high proportion of large companies have put in place environmental management regimes and invest considerable time and resources in them. However, the public continues to believe that these companies are failing to take their environmental responsibilities seriously, and campaigners are unimpressed with the results of industrial self-regulation. In short, there is a gulf in perception between industry and the consumer. Clean and Competitive explores the challenge of motivating industry to address environmental issues, drawing on work undertaken by Sussex University's Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) and the Centre for the Exploitation of Science and Technology (CEST). The authors explore in detail industrial responses to prominent environmental issues, including: climate change, air quality, water pollution, waste minimization, and product recycling. They assess various approaches to environmental problems, such as: traditional regulation, partnership, voluntary agreements, and market-based instruments. Finally, they recommend practical ways forward for addressing an ever more complex environmental agenda. This thoughtful and articulate text is recommended for students on environmental management courses, policy makers, and environmental managers within industry.

ISO 14001 is the new international standard for environmental management systems. But what difference will it make to the environmental performance of companies that receive it? Will it do anything to further sustainable industrial development? This edition seeks to argue that it will not and further that it does not have a legitimate practice in discussions of sustainable industrial development.;The authors point to a massive democratic deficit in the process of establishing the standard in which small and medium-size enterprises, developing country officals, public opinion and environmental groups may have trouble participating. They aim to argue that this has put up barriers to the full participation of these parties. Moreover, they seek to describe how the standard reverses the trend for firms to innovate to meet the challenge of sustainability.

Massive technological development has changed the face of industry drammatically. This text provides an analysis of the trends and dynamics of innovation in industry. It has been updated with recent statistical information and examples. A new section explores the debate surrounding macroeconomics in an analysis of the impact of globalization on industrial change. This book covers such topics as: the rise of science-related technology; innovations and the firms; macroeconomics of innovation; and innovation and public policies.

The unprecedented urbanization of the 19th century prompted a range of theoretical and empirical writings on the city. Some of these writings addressed specific urban problems, especially relating to infrastructure, housing and poverty. Others were more generally concerned with the nature and texture of city life. This set collects together some of the most significant writings on the city from the period 1898 to 1938. Primarily dealing with North America and the UK, the volumes nonetheless reflect the experience of rapid urban growth, making them particularly relevant to many of the newly industrializing countries. In all some nine volumes are reproduced in their entirety, and these are supplemented by an original introduction and collection of contemporary essays.

This book explores how the U.S. has been in the throes of a startup revolution, fueled by a risk-taking culture. There has been a growth of young startup from 1994, accelerating after 2010 through the present day. Most entrepreneurial activity is in the professional and business services sector, which comprises technical services as well as research and development. However, new establishments face a low survival rate, suggesting that starting businesses is not the problem, sustaining their development and growth is the principal challenge. A paradox is presented by the simultaneous presence of declining labor force participation rate among prime working age adults, a decrease in productivity growth rates in the past decade and a startup revolution. There are five native skills that are acquired by experience rather than formal education: resourcefulness, practical intelligence, over-optimism and personal initiative. These are built on a foundation of attributes that form the culture of risk-taking and decision-making. Underlying values and beliefs include collaboration, openness to new ideas, an awareness of the environment and the needs of people in your radius of interaction. A strongly embedded community forms the essence of entrepreneurial culture, and its values cannot be taught, they must be learned through experience.