The Theory of Everything Unveiled
Everyone knows that mathematics is the language of science. As such, the book is geared toward those individuals with high-level mathematical skills. The book begins by presenting the geometric constructs that underlie curved global and local spaces. The properties of these connections are then examined in detail. The global distortion connector is shown to be related to the gravitational field. Next, the connector associated with both global and local distortions is examined and shown to be related to the electromagnetic field. Finally, the connector associated with purely local distortions is shown to account for the underlying structure of particles. In summary, the book shows the connection between the distortions in the space-time continuum with the gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear forces.
On examining the properties of the space-time connector (i.e., metric), the book develops Einstein's free-field curvature tensor that underlies the theory of general relativity. In a similar manner, Maxwell's electromagnetic field equations are derived. Lastly from the macroscopic observer perspective, the group theory that underlies the "Standard Model" for particle interactions is presented. Finally from the microscopic observer perspective, the local distortions are shown to be best described using wave equations. The resulting wave equations are found to be those commonly used in quantum field theory for free particles.
The author methodically presents the geometric principles that describe the space-time continuum. He then develops those concepts and applies them to the world around us. Along the way, the properties of each resulting field is examined and related back to known physical laws. This approach allows the underlying basis for unknown constants of proportionality to be fully understood. Unlike standard text books on general relativity, electromagnetic fields, group theory, and quantum mechanics; the author leaves no "details" for the student. As a result, the author is able to unify the underlying theories that provide the foundation of nature's laws.

This book is a snapshot of current research in multiscale modeling, computations and applications. It covers fundamental mathematical theory, numerical algorithms as well as practical computational advice for analysing single and multiphysics models containing a variety of scales in time and space. Complex fluids, porous media flow and oscillatory dynamical systems are treated in some extra depth, as well as tools like analytical and numerical homogenization, and fast multipole method.

All with an interest in physics and related technologies; those interested in the history of modern physics.

A Levy process is a continuous-time analogue of a random walk, and as such, is at the cradle of modern theories of stochastic processes. Martingales, Markov processes, and diffusions are extensions and generalizations of these processes. In the past, representatives of the Levy class were considered most useful for applications to either Brownian motion or the Poisson process. Nowadays the need for modeling jumps, bursts, extremes and other irregular behavior of phenomena in nature and society has led to a renaissance of the theory of general Levy processes. Researchers and practitioners in fields as diverse as physics, meteorology, statistics, insurance, and finance have rediscovered the simplicity of Levy processes and their enormous flexibility in modeling tails, dependence and path behavior.

This volume, with an excellent introductory preface, describes the state-of-the-art of this rapidly evolving subject with special emphasis on the non-Brownian world. Leading experts present surveys of recent developments, or focus on some most promising applications. Despite its special character, every topic is aimed at the non- specialist, keen on learning about the new exciting face of a rather aged class of processes. An extensive bibliography at the end of each article makes this an invaluable comprehensive reference text. For the researcher and graduate student, every article contains open problems and points out directions for futurearch.

The accessible nature of the work makes this an ideal introductory text for graduate seminars in applied probability, stochastic processes, physics, finance, and telecommunications, and a unique guide to the world of Levy processes.

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Energy and environmental finance (EEF) is an emerging global phenomenon. During the last few decades, many countries started monitoring EEF practices. Major components of these practices include costs, fraud, scandals, and more. Among several problems, the most prevalent is the lack of awareness about the issues of EEF among various stakeholders. The Handbook of Research on Energy and Environmental Finance 4.0 is an international reference that provides understanding and lessons learned in all aspects of EEF in individual, organizational, and societal experiences. This book examines research in the shape of experience, implementation, and application. Covering topics such as clean power, energy poverty, and environmental degradation, this book is a dynamic resource for academicians, researchers, professionals who work within the domains of EEF, EEF regulators, scholars of EEF, managers involved in EEF organizations, law practitioners involved in EEF regulations, auditors involved in audit and control systems of EEF, university professors, and students pursuing studies and research in EEF.

"It's About Time" presents an introduction to theoretical physics as well as challenges to some of the concepts put forward by theoretical physicists of our time. These scientists have presented such concepts in countless public lectures, highlights of which are compiled here along with a variety of historical data, such as the history of earth time. Also included are short biographies of physicists who have contributed significantly to our knowledge base.

To help foster understanding of the related astronomical matters, "It's About Time" includes technical information relating to Newton and Kepler's laws. Technical discussions are appended to the end of each relevant chapter. Furthermore, it offers a credible and significant challenge to Einstein's theories and to the current thinking on time dilation.

Finally, the study outlines some procedural guidelines for young physicists and suggests how academic institutions can become custodians of a central depository of reference data, facilitating future physicists into more efficient and fruitful endeavors.

This study offers no challenge to mathematics, which is a pure and exact science. When a physicist is able to have the mathematics represent natural phenomena, then mathematics becomes a necessary tool for our simplified understanding of nature. Eventually all of nature will be reduced to mathematical terms. The challenge presented here is to theoretical mathematics with no proven relationship to natural phenomena.

The general concept of information is here, for the first time, defined mathematically by adding one single axiom to the probability theory. This Mathematical Theory of Information is explored in fourteen chapters: 1. Information can be measured in different units, in anything from bits to dollars. We will here argue that any measure is acceptable if it does not violate the Law of Diminishing Information. This law is supported by two independent arguments: one derived from the Bar-Hillel ideal receiver, the other is based on Shannon's noisy channel. The entropy in the 'classical information theory' is one of the measures conforming to the Law of Diminishing Information, but it has, however, properties such as being symmetric, which makes it unsuitable for some applications. The measure reliability is found to be a universal information measure. 2. For discrete and finite signals, the Law of Diminishing Information is defined mathematically, using probability theory and matrix algebra. 3. The Law of Diminishing Information is used as an axiom to derive essential properties of information. Byron's law: there is more information in a lie than in gibberish. Preservation: no information is lost in a reversible channel. Etc. The Mathematical Theory of Information supports colligation, i. e. the property to bind facts together making 'two plus two greater than four'. Colligation is a must when the information carries knowledge, or is a base for decisions. In such cases, reliability is always a useful information measure. Entropy does not allow colligation.

On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Sophus Lie, an International Work shop "Modern Group Analysis: advanced analytical and computational methods in mathematical physics" has been organized in Acireale (Catania, Sicily, October 27 31, 1992). The Workshop was aimed to enlighten the present state ofthis rapidly expanding branch of applied mathematics. Main topics of the Conference were: * classical Lie groups applied for constructing invariant solutions and conservation laws; * conditional (partial) symmetries; * Backlund transformations; * approximate symmetries; * group analysis of finite-difference equations; * problems of group classification; * software packages in group analysis. The success of the Workshop was due to the participation of many experts in Group Analysis from different countries. This book consists of selected papers presented at the Workshop. We would like to thank the Scientific Committee for the generous support of recommending invited lectures and selecting the papers for this volume, as well as the members of the Organizing Committee for their help. The Workshop was made possible by the financial support of several sponsors that are listed below. It is also a pleasure to thank our colleague Enrico Gregorio for his invaluable help of this volume.

Reading Bohr: Physics and Philosophy offers a new perspective on Niels Bohr's interpretation of quantum mechanics as complementarity, and on the relationships between physics and philosophy in Bohr's work, which has had momentous significance for our understanding of quantum theory and of the nature of knowledge in general. Philosophically, the book reassesses Bohr's place in the Western philosophical tradition, from Kant and Hegel on. Physically, it reconsiders the main issues at stake in the Bohr-Einstein confrontation and in the ongoing debates concerning quantum physics. It also devotes greater attention than in most commentaries on Bohr to the key developments and transformations of his thinking concerning complementarity.
Most significant among them were those that occurred, first, under the impact of Bohr's exchanges with Einstein and, second, under the impact of developments in quantum theory itself, both quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. The importance of quantum field theory for Bohr's thinking has not been adequately addressed in the literature on Bohr, to the considerable detriment to our understanding of the history of quantum physics. Filling this lacuna is one of the main contributions of the book, which also enables us to show why quantum field theory compels us to move beyond Bohr without, however, simply leaving him behind.

The development of science, technology and industry in the near future requires new materials and devices, which will differ in many aspects from that of past years. This is due to the fact that many sophisticated processes and new materials are being invented. The computer engineering field is a typical example. The main building block for these achievements is science, and leading it is physics, which provides the foundation for the chemical, biological and atomic industries.
Physics for Chemists contains many instructive examples complete with detailed analysis and tutorials to evaluate the student's level of understanding. Specifically it is focused to give a robust and relevant background to chemistry students and to eliminate those aspects of physics which are not relevant to these students.
This book is aimed at chemistry students and researches who would by using the book, not only be able to perform relevant physical experiments, but would then also be in a position to provide a well founded explanation of the results.
* Fundamental principles of modern physics are explained in parallel with their applications to chemistry and technology
* Large number of practical examples and tasks
* Presentation of new aspects of chemical science and technology e.g. nanotechnology and synthesis of new magnetic materials

This thirteenth volume of the Poincare Seminar Series, Henri Poincare, 1912-2012, is published on the occasion of the centennial of the death of Henri Poincare in 1912. It presents a scholarly approach to Poincare's genius and creativity in mathematical physics and mathematics. Its five articles are also highly pedagogical, as befits their origin in lectures to a broad scientific audience. Highlights include "Poincare's Light" by Olivier Darrigol, a leading historian of science, who uses light as a guiding thread through much of Poincare 's physics and philosophy, from the application of his superior mathematical skills and the theory of diffraction to his subsequent reflections on the foundations of electromagnetism and the electrodynamics of moving bodies; the authoritative "Poincare and the Three-Body Problem" by Alain Chenciner, who offers an exquisitely detailed, hundred-page perspective, peppered with vivid excerpts from citations, on the monumental work of Poincare on this subject, from the famous (King Oscar's) 1889 memoir to the foundations of the modern theory of chaos in "Les methodes nouvelles de la mecanique celeste." A profoundly original and scholarly presentation of the work by Poincare on probability theory is given by Laurent Mazliak in "Poincare's Odds," from the incidental first appearance of the word "probability" in Poincare's famous 1890 theorem of recurrence for dynamical systems, to his later acceptance of the unavoidability of probability calculus in Science, as developed to a great extent by Emile Borel, Poincare's main direct disciple; the article by Francois Beguin, "Henri Poincare and the Uniformization of Riemann Surfaces," takes us on a fascinating journey through the six successive versions in twenty-six years of the celebrated uniformization theorem, which exemplifies the Master's distinctive signature in the foundational fusion of mathematics and physics, on which conformal field theory, string theory and quantum gravity so much depend nowadays; the final chapter, "Harmony and Chaos, On the Figure of Henri Poincare" by the filmmaker Philippe Worms, describes the homonymous poetical film in which eminent scientists, through mathematical scenes and physical experiments, display their emotional relationship to the often elusive scientific truth and universal "harmony and chaos" in Poincare's legacy. This book will be of broad general interest to physicists, mathematicians, philosophers of science and historians.

The Twelfth International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods in Sciences and Engineering (MaxEnt 92) was held in Paris, France, at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), July 19-24, 1992. It is important to note that, since its creation in 1980 by some of the researchers of the physics department at the Wyoming University in Laramie, this was the second time that it took place in Europe, the first time was in 1988 in Cambridge. The two specificities of MaxEnt workshops are their spontaneous and informal charac ters which give the participants the possibility to discuss easily and to make very fruitful scientific and friendship relations among each others. This year's organizers had fixed two main objectives: i) to have more participants from the European countries, and ii) to give special interest to maximum entropy and Bayesian methods in signal and image processing. We are happy to see that we achieved these objectives: i) we had about 100 participants with more than 50 per cent from the European coun tries, ii) we received many papers in the signal and image processing subjects and we could dedicate a full day of the workshop to the image modelling, restoration and recon struction problems."

This volume is an outgrowth of the 1995 Summer School on Theoretical Physics of the Canadian Association of Physicists (CAP), held in Banff, Alberta, in the Canadian Rockies, from July 30 to August 12,1995. The chapters, based on lectures given at the School, are designed to be tutorial in nature, and many include exercises to assist the learning process. Most lecturers gave three or four fifty-minute lectures aimed at relative novices in the field. More emphasis is therefore placed on pedagogy and establishing comprehension than on erudition and superior scholarship. Of course, new and exciting results are presented in applications of Clifford algebras, but in a coherent and user-friendly way to the nonspecialist. The subject area of the volume is Clifford algebra and its applications. Through the geometric language of the Clifford-algebra approach, many concepts in physics are clarified, united, and extended in new and sometimes surprising directions. In particular, the approach eliminates the formal gaps that traditionally separate clas sical, quantum, and relativistic physics. It thereby makes the study of physics more efficient and the research more penetrating, and it suggests resolutions to a major physics problem of the twentieth century, namely how to unite quantum theory and gravity. The term "geometric algebra" was used by Clifford himself, and David Hestenes has suggested its use in order to emphasize its wide applicability, and b& cause the developments by Clifford were themselves based heavily on previous work by Grassmann, Hamilton, Rodrigues, Gauss, and others."

Techniques of physics find wide application in biology, medicine, engineering and technology generally. This series is devoted to techniques which have found and are finding application. The aim is to clarify the principles of each technique, to emphasize and illustrate the applications and to draw attention to new fields of possible employment.

Now available in a convenient paperback edition! Volume 1 treats in detail the fundamental concepts of the theory of groups and their role in physics, plus their application to molecular and solid state physics. In Volume 2 the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras is presented and applied to atomic and high-energy physics, concluding with an account of the recently developed gauge theories of fundamental interactions.
The extensive appendices contain background material and comprehensive tabulations of ther properties of crystallographic point groups and semi-simple Lie groups and Lie algebras.

Hans Duistermaat, an influential geometer-analyst, made substantial contributions to the theory of ordinary and partial differential equations, symplectic, differential, and algebraic geometry, minimal surfaces, semisimple Lie groups, mechanics, mathematical physics, and related fields. Written in his honor, the invited and refereed articles in this volume contain important new results as well as surveys in some of these areas, clearly demonstrating the impact of Duistermaat's research and, in addition, exhibiting interrelationships among many of the topics.

The publication of W. Pauli's Scientific Correspondence by Springer-Verlag has motivated a vast research activity on Pauli's role in modern science. This excellent treatise sheds light on the ongoing dialogue between physics and psychology.

Since the Niels Bohr centenary of 1985 there has been an astonishing international surge of scholarly analyses of Bohr's philosophy. Now for the first time in Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy Jan Faye and Henry Folse have brought together sixteen of today's leading authors who have helped mould this new round of discussions on Bohr's philosophy. In fifteen entirely new, previously unpublished essays we discover a surprising variety of the different facets of Bohr as the natural philosopher whose framework of complementarity' shaped the final phase of the quantum revolution and influenced two generations of the century's leading physicists. There is much on which the authors included here agree; but there are also polar disagreements, which assure us that the philosophical questions revolving around Bohr's new viewpoint' will continue to be a subject of scholarly interest and discussion for years to come. This collection will interest all serious students of history and philosophy of science, and foundations of physics.

This monograph is intended for scientists and TCAD engineers who are interested in physics-based simulation of Si and SiGe devices. The common theoretical background of the drift-diffusion, hydrodynamic, and Monte-Carlo models and their synergy are discussed and it is shown how these models form a consistent hierarchy of simulation tools. The basis of this hierarchy is the full-band Monte-Carlo device model which is discussed in detail, including its numerical and stochastic properties. The drift-diffusion and hydrodynamic models for large-signal, small-signal, and noise analysis are derived from the Boltzmann transport equation in such a way that all transport and noise parameters can be obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations. With this hierarchy of simulation tools the device characteristics of strained Si MOSFETs and SiGe HBTs are analysed and the accuracy of the momentum-based models is assessed by comparison with the Monte-Carlo device simulator.

For the last decade, the author has been working to extend continuum mechanics to treat moving boundaries in materials focusing, in particular, on problems of metallurgy. This monograph presents a rational treatment of the notion of configurational forces; it is an effort to promote a new viewpoint. Included is a presentation of configurational forces within a classical context and a discussion of their use in areas as diverse as phase transitions and fracture. The work should be of interest to materials scientists, mechanicians, and mathematicians.

Intended for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this book is a practical guide to the use of probability and statistics in experimental physics. The emphasis is on applications and understanding, on theorems and techniques actually used in research. The text is not a comprehensive text in probability and statistics; proofs are sometimes omitted if they do not contribute to intuition in understanding the theorem. The problems, some with worked solutions, introduce the student to the use of computers; occasional reference is made to routines available in the CERN library, but other systems, such as Maple, can also be used. Topics covered include: basic concepts; definitions; some simple results independent of specific distributions; discrete distributions; the normal and other continuous distributions; generating and characteristic functions; the Monte Carlo method and computer simulations; multi-dimensional distributions; the central limit theorem; inverse probability and confidence belts; estimation methods; curve fitting and likelihood ratios; interpolating functions; fitting data with constraints; robust estimation methods. This second edition introduces a new method for dealing with small samples, such as may arise in search experiments, when the data are of low probability. It also includes a new chapter on queuing problems (including a simple, but useful buffer length example). In addition new sections discuss over- and under-coverage using confidence belts, the extended maximum-likelihood method, the use of confidence belts for discrete distributions, estimation of correlation coefficients, and the effective variance method for fitting y = f(x) when both x and y have measurement errors. A complete Solutions Manual is available.

Building on the author's previous edition on the subject (Introduction to Linear Algebra, Jones & Bartlett, 1996), this book offers a refreshingly concise text suitable for a standard course in linear algebra, presenting a carefully selected array of essential topics that can be thoroughly covered in a single semester. Although the exposition generally falls in line with the material recommended by the Linear Algebra Curriculum Study Group, it notably deviates in providing an early emphasis on the geometric foundations of linear algebra. This gives students a more intuitive understanding of the subject and enables an easier grasp of more abstract concepts covered later in the course. The focus throughout is rooted in the mathematical fundamentals, but the text also investigates a number of interesting applications, including a section on computer graphics, a chapter on numerical methods, and many exercises and examples using MATLAB. Meanwhile, many visuals and problems (a complete solutions manual is available to instructors) are included to enhance and reinforce understanding throughout the book. Brief yet precise and rigorous, this work is an ideal choice for a one-semester course in linear algebra targeted primarily at math or physics majors. It is a valuable tool for any professor who teaches the subject.