This comprehensive Handbook offers an overview of current research on the use of social media within the tourism industry, investigating a range of social media practices and proposing strategies to address key challenges faced by tourist destinations and operators. International contributors analyse both conceptual and practical social media topics, addressing cutting-edge social media issues in destination management and marketing. Drawing on empirical case studies and examples, chapters explore dark tourism, gastro-tourism, travel blogs, electronic word-of-mouth, sentiment analysis and a variety of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The Handbook also defines central social media concepts and explores the impact they have on the success of tourist destinations, setting the stage for a better understanding of the relationship between social media and tourism. Through an examination of current trends in social media, as well as future trajectories, it provides critical insights for the successful development and implementation of social media marketing strategies. This Handbook will be a critical read for scholars and students of geography and business management, with a specific interest in tourism and hospitality management. Its practical considerations will also be beneficial for planners, policy makers, managers and marketers in the tourism industry.

Promoting a greater understanding of intercultural interactions, this timely and engaging Research Handbook provides an overview of the current state of research on cultural intelligence and analyzes its prospects for the future. Including contributions from key researchers in the field as well as those with a more critical perspective, this comprehensive Research Handbook addresses the conceptual backdrop, the measurement and the antecedents of cultural intelligence. It further examines the outcomes associated with cultural intelligence, offers a higher-level analysis of the concept, and concludes with an evaluation of the future research prospects of cultural intelligence. All in all, the Handbook investigates the heightened importance of intercultural interactions among individuals, groups, organizations, and societies in an increasingly interconnected global community. Covering a wide range of perspectives on cultural intelligence and related constructs, this Research Handbook will be essential reading for students, scholars, and researchers in the areas of employment relations, international business, international and cross-cultural management, occupational psychology, and organizational behavior.

This Handbook of Research Methods in Careers serves as a comprehensive guide to the methodologies that researchers use in career scholarship. Presenting detailed overviews of methodologies, contributors offer numerous actionable best practices, realistic previews, and cautionary tales based on their vast collective experience of research in the discipline. Chapters showcase diverse and interdisciplinary approaches to studying careers across the spectrum of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Providing an in-depth illustration of established methods and current trends in careers research, this Handbook brings together top international authors to discuss the opportunities and limitations of both design and analysis choices. Offering cutting-edge methods from established and emerging experts, this Handbook is crucial reading for scholars at all levels who are currently studying, or wish to study, careers. It will also be useful for institutions coordinating large research projects on careers, as well as consultants and organizational psychologists providing research support for employee development.

This Research Handbook is an insightful overview of the key rules, concepts and tensions in privacy and data protection law. It highlights the increasing global significance of this area of law, illustrating the many complexities in the field through a blend of theoretical and empirical perspectives. Providing an excellent in-depth analysis of global privacy and data protection law, it explores multiple regional and national jurisdictions, bringing together interdisciplinary international contributions from Europe and beyond. Chapters cover critical topics in the field, including key features of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), border surveillance, big data, artificial intelligence, and biometrics. It also investigates the relationship between privacy and data protection law and other fields of law, such as consumer law and competition law. With its detailed exploration and insights into privacy and data protection, this Research Handbook will prove a useful resource for information and media law students as well as academics researching fields such as data protection and privacy law and surveillance or security studies.

Drawing together key frameworks and disciplines that illuminate the importance of communication around climate change, this Research Handbook offers a vital knowledge base to address the urgency of conveying climate issues to a variety of audiences. International scholars survey the key disciplinary foundations of climate change communication including: climate science, audience studies, sociology, and the efficacy of diverse communication forms ranging from science communication, political communication and visual communication to film, theatre and the novel. Featuring key ideas critical to the contemporary climate discussion, such as climate denial, psychology, the use of images, journalism, campaigns, health, justice and climate change fiction, this timely Research Handbook intervenes in the global debate to offer a pathway for researchers and communicators to stimulate new methods of conceptualising and communicating climate mitigation. Presenting an in-depth exploration of climate change messaging in relation to interpretive communities, this book is crucial reading for scholars and students of media and communications, climate science and environmental studies. Its key practical insights will also benefit practitioners of climate communication and science.

Disillusionment with globalization, along with a rise in nationalist sentiment, may lead us to ask whether cross-cultural or international research will be necessary in the coming years and, if it is, what form it will take. While all international marketing is cross-cultural, not all cross-cultural marketing is international. Cultures are defined as groups of people who share a common language, set of norms, institutions, beliefs and values. There are many ways such groups can be defined - only one of which is country. Regardless of the definition parameters, one thing remains clear: cross-cultural marketing is a broad topic in today's technological, always-connected world. This Handbook suggests future directions for cross-cultural marketing research in a rapidly evolving global environment. It builds upon existing models and topics, addresses the methodological challenges of cross-cultural research, and provides applied examples spanning various methodologies as well as industry sectors and country settings. In addition, contributors present new paradigms for future research. Cross-cultural marketing research scholars, Ph.D. students and cross-cultural and international marketing practitioners will benefit from this thorough examination of current trends as well as forward thinking concepts from some of the field's foremost experts.

This timely Handbook offers a comprehensive outlook on global environmental politics, providing readers with an up-to-date view of a field of ever-increasing academic and public significance. Its critical perspective interrogates what is taken for granted in current institutions and social and power relations, highlighting the issues preventing meaningful change in the relationship between human societies and their biophysical underpinnings. Featuring contributions from over 60 established and emerging international scholars, the Handbook is organized into six thematic sections. It addresses theoretical approaches, contested notions, key issues, governance processes, mobilizations and emergent directions of inquiry, presenting a vital contemporary analysis of the major social science and political ecology debates over environmental questions. Scholars and students in the social sciences, in particular those studying politics and public policy, with an interest in the environment and climate change will find this Handbook to be essential reading. It will also be useful to academics in other disciplines related to ecology and environmental politics, as well as politicians and practitioners involved in green transition policies.

This thoroughly revised Research Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation Law brings together leading scholars in the field to summarise and assess key topics including tort and insurance law, disaster law, water law and marine law as well as biodiversity law and pollution control. Providing a comprehensive review of new challenges faced as a result of a changing climate, this Second Edition considers the adaptation necessary to address the ongoing impacts from the warming of the Earth's atmosphere at international, regional and domestic levels. It also analyses the legal instruments that go beyond helping societies to adapt to the changing climate, and assist in compensating victims of climate change damage. Chapters suggest forward-thinking approaches for how future policies and laws could help to create more climate resilient and stable societies, and offer a new insight into how climate change can affect both the local and international dimensions of security. With its transnational and multilevel approach, this Research Handbook is an essential resource for academics in the field of climate change policy and law as well as policy makers, NGOs and other government officials working in the field of climate change.

This innovative Handbook puts the politics of public administration at the forefront, providing comprehensive insights and comparative perspectives of the different aspects of the field. Revealing the power configurations in different institutional settings, this Handbook considers the general influence of administration on political decisions and the subsequent consequences of its involvement. An impressive array of contributors discuss how public administrations can differ between countries and to what extent their characteristics are influenced by political values and preferences. More specifically, chapters address the structure and political function of the administration and its performance in countries including the USA, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Addressing the plethora of normative, empirical, and analytical questions surrounding the politics of public administration, this Handbook will be an invaluable read for scholars of public administration and political science. It will also be an essential reference point for all students and practitioners of political theory and management.

This comprehensive Research Handbook is the first study to link law and Earth system science through the epistemic lens of the planetary boundaries framework. It critically examines the legal and governance aspects of the framework, considering not only each planetary boundary, but also a range of systemic issues, including the ability of law to keep us within the planetary boundaries' safe operating space. The expert contributors investigate the current and potential role of law in relation to the complex task and regulatory challenges of governing the Earth system. They explore three thematic areas: the overarching legal, ethical and governance dimensions of the planetary boundaries; their diverse international law dimensions and the challenges they raise for international law; and the extent to which the law already provides for some of the aspects illuminated by each planetary boundary, alongside opportunities for legal reform. Lawyers, Earth system scientists and governance experts will benefit from the mapping of the next stage of international environmental law included in the chapters. The book will also be a key resource for regulators, legislators and policy-makers looking for an in-depth study of the relationship between law and each of the nine planetary boundaries.

This forward-thinking Handbook explores cutting-edge research on how employees within firms should be managed in order to increase their wellbeing and performance. Expert contributors explore an emerging stream of research in human resource management (HRM) which suggests that attention should be paid to how line managers implement HR practices and how employees perceive, understand and attribute these HR practices. Chapters consider the implications of employees' and leaders' HR attributions and their performance, HRM system strength, change, talent management and the role of line managers in the HRM process. Providing an overview of the current knowledge in the HR process research, the Handbook also discusses future avenues and directions for the field. Demonstrating the dynamics of how HR practices impact organisational and individual outcomes, this Handbook will be critical reading for scholars and students of human resource management, organisational behaviour and research methods in business and management. It will also be beneficial for HR professionals seeking to understand how they can increase the effectiveness of their HR management.

This timely book is a crucial resource on the rich diversity of African constitutional law, making a significant contribution to the increasingly important field of comparative constitutional law from a historically understudied region. Offering an examination of substantive topics from multiple jurisdictions, it emphasises issues of local importance while also providing varied perspectives on common challenges across the continent. Divided into four thematic parts, chapters cover a wide array of subjects including a variety of constitutional rights, the regulation of political parties, constitutional formation and amendments, and the influence of regional organizations. Featuring contributions both from scholars from Africa and from outside the region, the book elucidates Africa's place within the growing discourse of comparative constitutional law. Opening up new cases and vistas of study, this book will be a vital read for all scholars and students of comparative constitutional law. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policymakers working on constitutional issues, as well as those interested in African politics and constitutional development more broadly.

Digital transformation continues to accelerate change in all aspects of modern life. This book examines when, where, how, and why artificial intelligence and digital change can boost innovation and transform the economy, society and democracy. It provides a holistic approach to the promotion of the knowledge economy, knowledge society and knowledge democracy. The book is developed based on the Cyber-D4 nexus, which is a conceptual framework of Cyber-Defense, Cyber-Development, Cyber-Democracy, and Cyber-Diplomacy, and it adopts a Quadruple/Quintuple Innovation Helix (Q2IH) approach. This nexus ties new national and industrial cyber strategies, including business strategies for smart cities and the Internet of Things, with the local, national, regional, and global security and economic objectives. Academics, policy makers, practitioners, researchers and students in combined fields of science, technology, innovation and entrepreneurship, digital transformation, artificial intelligence and the future of industry will appreciate the lens through which the chapter authors explore both the minutiae and expansive influence of digital transformation.

This Research Handbook identifies how resilience has evolved as a critical theoretical concept in the organizational sciences. International resilience scholars conceptualize and explore the various ways resilience can be embedded in theory and practice, offering new and updated perspectives on the importance of resilience in multiple contexts. Sections cover the nature of resilience at employee, team and organizational levels; the processes and dynamics of resilience in different contexts; and the antecedents and outcomes of these forms of resilience. Chapters provide case studies and theoretical frameworks to bring clarity, covering stress and coping, diversity and resilience, crisis management, employee behaviour, continuity and development. Organizational studies scholars interested in advancing theory and practice of resilience will find this Research Handbook includes a range of important considerations for the field. With application of several different levels of analysis, chapters discussing stress and coping will also appeal to those from a social psychology background. Contributors include: E. Antonacopoulou, S. Baker, M.E. Baloochi, B. Barker Caza, M.A. Barton, T.E. Becker, T.W. Britt, K.S. Cameron, A. Caza, J. Chesley, M. Christianson, V. D'Avella, S. Erskine, M.L. Frigotto, F. Guarnieri, S.C. Hammond, J. Harris, S. Hartmann, E. Hayes James, M. Hernandez, M. Hess, M. Hoegl, E.M. Johnson, L. Jones Christensen, J.D. Kabongo, D. Karolidis, S.A. Kay, D.C. Kayes, J. Kuntz, M. Larsen, M. Linnenluecke, S. Malinen, C.L. McCluney, B. McKnight, K.L. Merlo, K. Naswall, L. Neville, V. Nilakant, M. Olekalns, E.H. Powley, S. Raetze, L.M. Roberts, G. Sawhney, J.P. Stephens, K. Sutcliffe, S. Travadel, F. Vouzas, B. Walker, M. Weiss, L.P. Wooten, J. Yoon

This Research Handbook offers crucial ethical perspectives on navigating the increasingly complex and contested landscape of contemporary energy law. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it brings together diverse scholarship and expertise from academia, international organizations, legal practice and the judiciary to address wide-ranging issues linking energy and law to ethical drivers such as wealth, peace and war, development, climate change, and use and abuse of natural resources. The Handbook investigates first the governing dynamics of energy, law and ethics, providing a conceptual overview of key topics. It then examines the ethics of financing energy projects, renewable energy transition and climate change mitigation. The final part is a case study of energy, law and ethics in practice. Throughout, the Handbook draws on the vital underlying theme of intergenerational equity, offering a toolbox of arguments for framing the law and policies that will shape the future of the planet. The Research Handbook on Energy, Law and Ethics will be an essential resource for scholars and practitioners working in all areas of energy law, particularly its intersections with climate change, renewable energy transition and environmental justice. Negotiators and policymakers will also find its delineation of current debates and reference to practical experience invaluable.

This expanded and updated Research Handbook delivers an authoritative and in-depth guide to the conceptual foundations of environmental law. It offers a nuanced reflection on the underlying principles by exploring issues such as human rights, constitutional rights, sustainable development and environmental impact assessment within the context of environmental law. Perceptive contributions examine the emerging roles played by a range of concepts, values and objectives in environmental governance. The nature of these emerging concepts and their relationship with traditional rights and duties, which are typically reactive in nature, is of particular significance. New and revised chapters thoroughly examine the concepts at the heart of environmental law including sustainability, protection and climate change law. This second edition further illuminates key aspects of environmental governance through the lens of their underlying dimensions: the form, structure and language of international, regional and national instruments; the function of norms, objectives and standards; and the relevance of economic analysis and of integrated policy formulation. This discerning new edition will be an ideal read for all students and researchers in environmental law and governance. Furthermore, it will be essential reading and a valuable resource for policymakers, legal drafters and those wanting to understand the foundations of the modern environmental legal system.

Building upon the growing body of scholarship on the factors and actors that influence the extent to which states implement human rights law, this cutting-edge Research Handbook takes an interdisciplinary approach to exploring the roles of actors within supranational human rights bodies, the decisions and judgements they make, and the tools they use to facilitate human rights implementation. Eminent scholars and practitioners in the field reflect on why states implement, or fail to implement, obligations and decisions from the supranational level. The Research Handbook reviews the relevant terminology, recent trends, and the theoretical and methodological perspectives and strategies, before rethinking these explanations and offering original scholarship on human rights implementation. Chapters then consider the roles and interplay of various domestic and international actors involved in human rights implementation, including parliaments, national courts, civil society and treaty bodies. The Research Handbook concludes by assessing tools of implementation, including monitoring systems, the role of negotiations and diplomacy, compliance hearings, and the use of IT for compliance. Exploring the entire process of human rights law implementation from recommendation to execution to follow up, this comprehensive Research Handbook will be an invaluable resource to students, scholars and practitioners interested in the decisions and judgements behind the implementation of human rights law.

Over the past 30 years, merger control has become well-established around the world with broad consensus around its ambit and objectives. That consensus has fractured in recent years. Enforcement today is at a critical juncture, facing an array of challenges and calls for reform unprecedented in their scope and intensity. Authored by leading legal practitioners, economists, enforcers, and jurists, this timely Research Handbook on Global Merger Control discusses various critiques that have been made and considers an array of jurisdictional, procedural, substantive, and other issues that are generating intense debate across the antitrust community. These include the scope and objectives of merger control, whether merger control can be reconciled with industrial policy, whether the consumer welfare standard is an appropriate tool for substantive assessment, whether merger control should be used to meet broader policy objectives, and whether existing rules and presumptions are appropriate for the digital age. This Handbook will be of great value to anyone interested in global merger control, digital markets, industrial policy, and the role of public interest considerations. It provides an excellent tool for academics and practitioners looking to gain a rounded view of current issues in global merger control and an understanding of how enforcement is likely to evolve.

This Handbook expertly explores the profound transformations in international relations (IR) in recent decades. Proliferating cross-border challenges, including global financial crises, climate change, environmental degradation, irregular migration, and COVID-19, require governance structures that transcend the nation state and take both global and regional interplay, as well as problem-solving capacities, into account. Contributing authors investigate the effectiveness of international cooperation and performance in a diverse range of policy fields. Offering a comprehensive overview of the latest theoretical and empirical research on the interactions between global and regional governance, this book explicitly takes into account the rise of new powers and the Global South. It seeks to integrate perspectives, ideas and policies from both Western and non-Western societies in order to better explain relationships among multiplying actors in a highly interdependent world. This cutting-edge Handbook will be an essential read for academics and students of political science, IR, and related disciplines. Professionals in diplomatic, developmental, environmental, trade, and financial fields will also benefit from its accessible evaluation of global and regional governance.

This updated and revised second edition provides a comprehensive scholarly framework for analyzing the theory and history of international law. Featuring an array of legal and interdisciplinary analyses, it focuses on those theories and developments that illuminate the central and timeless basic concepts and categories of the international legal system, highlighting the interdependency of various aspects of theory and history and demonstrating the connections between theory and practice. With contributions from renowned experts, this Research Handbook explores the essence and development of international legal theory, taking account of the key shifts and advances since the era of classical legal scholarship. Contributors examine several major areas of international law in depth, before transferring their focus to the history of international law from the medieval period up to the present day. Coverage has been expanded to include analysis of the origins of and Eurocentric narratives surrounding the present system, and to discuss significant developments of the 21st century. Scholars and students of international law and politics looking for an in-depth understanding of the current international legal system and its history will find this Research Handbook to be crucial reading. Its theoretical approach will also be of interest to legal theorists, as well as researchers in ethics and philosophy.

This Encyclopedia is an invaluable reference book for post-Keynesian and heterodox economics. It consists of 300 entries, written by 180 different authors. The volume includes entries on key concepts of interest to post-Keynesians as well as descriptions of some of the seminal books in the post-Keynesian tradition. It will interest both students and scholars of heterodox economics, as well as policy makers around the world looking for a better alternative to mainstream economic policies at national and international levels in the aftermath of the global financial crisis that burst in 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis that began in 2020. Key Features: Offers a non-conventional understanding of economic analysis on a number of key economic topics Provides a deep and convincing criticism of orthodox thinking Explains how money, banking and finance are crucial elements of economics today Addresses the roots of the 2008 global financial crisis Points out the importance of sound economic policies Presents the essence of the subject matter concisely This comprehensive reference work will be a key tool to students, scholars, policy makers and anyone else seeking to understand the world economy through the important lens of post-Keynesian thought.

Learn how to crochet beautiful gifts and homewares that your friends and family will adore! Make beautiful blankets and throws for around the home. Create celebratory vintage-style bunting, greetings cards with a twist, and cute table decorations. Craft handy placemats, coasters, and plant-pot holders to liven up your space, and storage baskets that are as practical as they are pretty. Plus, there are patterns for a brilliant range of baby gifts and amigurumi toys, comfy cushion covers, pet beds for your furry friends, and a whole host of other fun projects to add color and texture to every room in your home. Great projects for all the family include: - Sweetpea Blanket - Amigurumi Hearts - Seat Cover - Crochet Baskets - Jewelry Box - Cot Blanket & Bumper - Windmill Blanket - Octopus Plushie - Super Toys

This authoritative Handbook presents a comprehensive analysis of the spatial transformation of the state; a pivotal process of globalization. It explores the state as an ongoing project that is always changing, illuminating the new spaces of geopolitics that arise from these political, social, cultural, and environmental negotiations. Drawing together a diverse set of expert contributors, this book showcases compelling scholarship on the changing geographies of the state. Chapters examine the state from a range of theoretical angles and analyse a variety of relevant themes, including feminist geographies, the relationship between state and environment, urbanization, security geographies, nation-building, and geographical political economies. The book considers the state as spatial in both form and outlook, illustrating how it occupies existing and constantly-changing political geographic conditions, and how it is maintained by the practices of categorizing and managing territory. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, this Handbook will be a valuable resource for academics and students across a range of subjects, including human geography, international relations, political science, spatial planning, and urban studies. The key case studies explored will also provide valuable examples for scholars and policy-makers seeking a better understanding of the broad scope of geopolitics in a globalizing world.

Strategic communication as a research field and a professional practice is becoming increasingly relevant for organizations. Bringing together contributions from almost 60 leading international scholars, this dynamic Research Handbook on Strategic Communication is a timely contribution to a vivid and developing academic field.

Divided into three key parts – fundamentals, perspectives, and processes – the Research Handbook provides a holistic overview of target-oriented communication in and between organizations and society. The Handbook begins by addressing core issues in the discipline, introducing theories of communication, strategy, propaganda, and the public sphere. Chapters further explore strategic communication from a range of institutional, democratic, spatial, gendered, professional, and technological perspectives. The final section covers an extensive array of strategic communication processes, from corporate branding, communication management, and public diplomacy to corporate social responsibility, political communication, and social media.

Offering an advanced overview of relevant theories, concepts, and methods in strategic communication, this comprehensive Research Handbook will be an essential resource for graduate students and scholars of communication studies, sociology, social psychology, organizational theory, marketing, and public relations. Practitioners will benefit from its combination of theoretical and practical insights.