Utilising international material to explore the roles, functions, tasks, responsibilities, powers and actions of intra-state politicians and the institutions to which they are elected, this insightful book examines how local and regional authorities are pivotal in the democratic and governing arrangements of different countries. Expert contributors examine how regional and local bodies have authority over public services, local spending, land use and local regulation, while operating within the constraints and structures of their own national settings. The Modern Guide also considers the responsibility of local and regional powers in the promotion of community action and cohesion. Taking a comparative approach, country-specific chapters present detailed analyses of the similarities and differences between the shape and purpose of institutions which operate within the state and how they interact with each other and the national institutions of government. Exploring the concepts and principles behind power structures within governmental systems, this book will be a key resource for academics and students of public policy, regulation and governance, and public administration and management. Its presentation of models of the formation of government in an international context will also be beneficial for policy-makers and practitioners in these fields.

This essential Research Handbook provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of the global governance instruments related to business and human rights from an interdisciplinary perspective. Contributions from a diverse range of leading international scholars offer an overview of the existing literature and rapidly-evolving research discipline, as well as identifying key trends and outlining an ambitious future research agenda. The Research Handbook first examines governance initiatives that operate across economic sectors, discussing both public and private initiatives at state, regional and international levels that seek to develop, implement and enforce rules with regard to the impacts of transnational business activities on human rights. Chapters then investigate particular economic sectors - including textiles, electronics, agro-chemical, construction, and finance - to assess the ways in which different initiatives attempt to mitigate risks and address business-related human rights abuses. Scholars of law, regulatory governance, global governance, management, human rights and social sciences who are interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the emerging business and human rights regime will find this Research Handbook a crucial read. It will also prove a useful and thorough introduction for students, scholars and practitioners new to the field of business and human rights.

As a conflict ends and the parties begin working towards a durable peace, practitioners and peacebuilders are faced with the possibilities and challenges of building new or reformed political, security, judicial, social, and economic structures. This Handbook analyzes these elements of post-conflict state building through the lens of international law, which provides a framework through which the authors contextualize and examine the many facets of state building in relation to the legal norms, processes, and procedures that guide such efforts across the globe. The volume aims to provide not only an introduction to and explanation of prominent topics in state building, but also a perceptive analysis that augments ongoing conversations among researchers, lawyers, and advocates engaged in the field. The Research Handbook on Post-Conflict State Building provides keen insights for faculty, graduate and undergraduate students in programs related to peace and conflict, governance, and international justice and law. Practitioners such as United Nations staff, government officials, international institution and think tanks engaged in post-conflict state building will glean important lessons and guidance from the Handbook's chapters. Contributors include: T. Beckelman, S.-T. Bounfour, M.J. Day, M. de Hoon, Y.M. Dutton, R. Friedrich, C.M. Goebel, S.L. Hodgkinson, D.E.W. Johnson, R. Kraemer, C.D. Kreutzner, J.C. Levy, A.C. Mann, B. McGonigle Leyh, N. Narayan, S. Pearlman, F.J. Pecci, R.M. Perito, D.J. Planty, B. Popken, M. Sterio, J. Trahan, G. Visoka, P.R. Williams, J.P. Worboys

Ever-evolving technological innovation creates both opportunities and challenges for educators aiming to achieve meaningful and effective learning in the classroom and equip students with a well-honed set of technology skills as they enter the professional world. The Handbook of Teaching with Technology in Management, Leadership and Business is written by experienced instructors using technology in novel and impactful ways in their undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as researchers reporting and reflecting on studies and literature that can guide them on the how and why of teaching with technology. Combining insights from research and practice, this comprehensive Handbook provides a state-of-the-art reflection on the role and effectiveness of technology in management, leadership, and business education. It offers a variety of resources and guidelines for the application of technology across different educational contexts and courses, and explores how specific digital tools, software, and applications have been used in the classroom to promote student engagement, assessment, collaboration, learning, and leadership. The broad range of chapters will support educators, administrators, instructional designers, researchers, chief information officers, and teaching technology developers seeking to expand their knowledge on the use of teaching and learning technologies in higher-education level management, leadership, and business programs.

A Research Agenda for Sales presents a roadmap of the future of sales. Eight recognized sales scholars discuss ideas that scholars are exploring and that firms can use for success in hypercompetitive markets with demanding customers. Featuring original research and current developments in the field, the chapters focus on critical topics and provide answers to important questions by company leaders and sales scholars. Salespeople are leveraging technological developments and shaping the evolution of customer orientation. At the same time, there are challenges and opportunities from artificial intelligence and digitalization. This book looks at these topics and explores ways that entrepreneurs and family business owners can overcome sales challenges and use professional selling to grow their business as well as what can sales managers do to attract talented millennials and Gen Z salespeople and keep them motivated. Traditional sales concepts and process practiced in the developed economies may apply to emerging economies and one chapter looks at this process. Lastly, the book explores what business executives can do to promote an ethical climate while reducing salespersons' burnout and strain. Academically rigorous and user friendly, these pages explore timely concepts that are important for researchers, practitioners, and scholars in the sales field.

Identifying academic freedom as a major casualty of rapid and extensive reforms to the governance and practices of academic institutions worldwide, this timely Handbook considers the meaning of academic freedom, the threats it faces, and its relation to rights of critical expression, public accountability and the democratic health of open societies. An international cohort of leading scholars discuss the historical conceptualisations of academic freedom and explore the extent of its reconfiguration by neoliberalism and economic globalisation. Chapters examine the threats posed to academic freedom by interventionist government, economic fundamentalism, political conservatism and extremism. The Handbook finds that these threats endanger the intellectual ambitions at the core of academic freedom: contesting established 'truth' and holding power to account. Examining a matter of urgent social and political importance which is crucial to the future of democracy and intellectual autonomy, this Handbook is an invigorating read for students and scholars researching academic freedom, free speech and democratic governance in higher education institutions.

This forward-thinking Handbook explores cutting-edge research on how employees within firms should be managed in order to increase their wellbeing and performance. Expert contributors explore an emerging stream of research in human resource management (HRM) which suggests that attention should be paid to how line managers implement HR practices and how employees perceive, understand and attribute these HR practices. Chapters consider the implications of employees' and leaders' HR attributions and their performance, HRM system strength, change, talent management and the role of line managers in the HRM process. Providing an overview of the current knowledge in the HR process research, the Handbook also discusses future avenues and directions for the field. Demonstrating the dynamics of how HR practices impact organisational and individual outcomes, this Handbook will be critical reading for scholars and students of human resource management, organisational behaviour and research methods in business and management. It will also be beneficial for HR professionals seeking to understand how they can increase the effectiveness of their HR management.

This Handbook collects a set of academic and accessible chapters to address three questions: What should real estate economists know about macroeconomics? What should macroeconomists know about real estate? What should readers know about the interaction between real estate and macroeconomics? Content is focused on four widely discussed themes: real estate-related wealth and macroeconomics, housing price dynamics and affordability, financial crises and structural change, and non-residential real estate. The chapter authors, active researchers from around the world, present evidence from various countries and datasets that are of interest to audiences across the globe, summarize insights from previous research and shed light on current issues. The Handbook of Real Estate and Macroeconomics assists researchers on the big picture as well as a hot spots in frontier research, and facilitates worldwide policy discussions and analysis for practitioners in financial markets, corporate economists, and policy analysts in governments and NGOs.

This timely Research Handbook brings together a group of internationally renowned scholars to take a fresh look at global leadership, querying in what way leaders, teams, firms, universities and business schools can make a difference in our world today and tomorrow. Presenting contemporary studies into a vibrant field, this Research Handbook offers empirical, theoretical, critical and pedagogical-based research, placing leaders firmly in their global cultural context. Chapters cover critical issues such as how leaders and teams can understand and incorporate cultural multiplicity, how firms can engage in responsible and inclusive leadership, and how universities and business schools can innovatively educate socially conscious global leaders to have an impact on our future. Comprehensive and insightful, this Research Handbook is critical reading for researchers of leadership seeking new avenues of enquiry. The broad and multilevel approach to the challenges and demands of contemporary leadership are also valuable for practitioners, business school teachers and students. Contributors include: M. Alvesson, A.A. Arnardottir, D. Bilton, A. Bird, M. Borecka, L.A. Burke-Smalley, C.L. Butler, K. Daellenbach, A-K. Engstrand, P. Gabaldon , S. Groeschl , J. Herman, C. Holgersson, K. Jonsen, G. Karamustafa, J. Lauring, H-J. Lee, Y-T. Lee, G. Lucke, T. Maak, K. Makela, D. Mazutis, T.C. McCausland, M. Mendenhall, C. Miska, A.I. Mockaitis, F. Moore , L.J. Noval, G. Oddou, J.S. Osland, C. Pahlberg , V.J. Patock, C.L. Pearce, N.M. Pless, L. Romani, R. Seymour, G.K. Stahl, S. Sveningsson, S. Teerikangas, M. Vodosek, G. Vogelgesang Lester, C.L. Wassenaar, C.M. Webster, L. Zander, U. Zander, P. Zettinig, C. Zintel

Analysing one of the most controversial areas in public policy, this pioneering Research Handbook brings together contributions from expert researchers to provide a global overview of the shifting dynamics of drug policy. Chapters tackle a complex and cross-cutting issue from inter and multi-disciplinary perspectives, incorporating political science, history, law and public health into their analyses. Emphasising connections between the domestic and the international, this timely Research Handbook illustrates the intersections between drug policy, human rights obligations and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Integrating detailed discussion of ever-evolving drug markets, a diverse range of policy responses, and political and ideological tensions, the contributors offer an insightful analysis of the regional dynamics of drug control, its historic constructions, and the contemporary and emerging problems it is facing. Aimed at researchers and students interested in drug policy, as well as policy makers and practitioners at different levels of governance, the Research Handbook on International Drug Policy provides a much-needed comparative approach and will prove to be an essential resource for navigating the difficulties surrounding drug policy and control.

This Research Handbook is an insightful overview of the key rules, concepts and tensions in privacy and data protection law. It highlights the increasing global significance of this area of law, illustrating the many complexities in the field through a blend of theoretical and empirical perspectives. Providing an excellent in-depth analysis of global privacy and data protection law, it explores multiple regional and national jurisdictions, bringing together interdisciplinary international contributions from Europe and beyond. Chapters cover critical topics in the field, including key features of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), border surveillance, big data, artificial intelligence, and biometrics. It also investigates the relationship between privacy and data protection law and other fields of law, such as consumer law and competition law. With its detailed exploration and insights into privacy and data protection, this Research Handbook will prove a useful resource for information and media law students as well as academics researching fields such as data protection and privacy law and surveillance or security studies.

The ways in which rapid urbanization of the Global South are transforming food systems and food supply chains, and the food security of urban populations is an often neglected topic. This international group of authors addresses this profound transformation from a variety of different perspectives and disciplinary lenses, providing an important corrective to the dominant view that food insecurity is a rural problem requiring increases in agricultural production. Starting from the premise that food security in urban areas is primarily a challenge of food access, the chapters explore the various economic, social, and governance policies and structures that constrain and inhibit the access of all to food of sufficient quantity and quality. As the Global South continues to urbanize, the challenge of feeding hungry cities will become even more daunting, and this Handbook explains why the existing food system, although undergoing rapid change, is inadequate for this task and cannot meet the challenge without substantial reform. The Handbook as a whole, and the individual chapters, provide comprehensive overviews of relevant themes mixed with empirical, real-world examples for university readership teaching and taking courses on food systems, migration and urbanization, urban policy and planning, geography, agricultural economics, public health, and international development. It will also introduce practitioners to current debates in the field and provide strong support for the renewed, and growing, focus on the food security of urban populations. The Handbook's comprehensive overviews of relevant themes mixed with empirical, real-world examples are ideal for university readership. It will also introduce practitioners to current debates in the field and provide strong support for the renewed, and growing, focus on the food security of urban populations.

The Handbook of Urban Segregation scrutinises key debates on spatial inequality in cities across the globe. It engages with multiple domains, including residential places, public spaces and the field of education. In addition, this comprehensive Handbook tackles crucial group-dimensions across race, class and culture as well as age groups, the urban rich, middle class, and gentrified households. In a 'world tour' of urban contexts, the reader is guided through six continents confronting pressing segregation issues. Leading international scholars offer valuable insights across regional, ethnic, socioeconomic and welfare regime contexts. Three thematic parts explore key segregation questions worldwide, the multiple domains and dimensions of the topic and the methods, approaches and debates surrounding its measurement. Through these lenses, this timely Handbook provides a key contribution to understanding what urban segregation is about, why it has developed, what its consequences are and how it is measured, conceptualised and framed. Containing clear use of visual aids alongside textual analysis, this Handbook will be an engaging and accessible resource for students and scholars with an interest in urban and human geography, cities and planning, and the wider field of urban studies. Contributors include: R. Andersson, R. Atkinson, N. Bailey, W.R. Boterman, A. Brama, A. Cardoso, R. Cucca, R. Forrest, D. Franca, F. Gou, H. Hanhoerster, H.K. Ho, C. Hochstenbach, P.A. Jargowsky, J. Kohlbacher, Z. Kovacs, C. Lemanski, Z. Li, A. Madanipour, T. Maloutas, E. Marques, S. Musterd, M. Oberti, J. OEsth, A. Owens, E. Preteceille, B. Randolph, U. Reeger, K.S. Tong, U. Turk, W. van Gent, J. van Rooyen, A. Walks, W. Wang, S. Weck

Offering conceptual, empirical and policy contributions from leading international scholars in the field, this comprehensive Handbook investigates a broad range of innovations and new approaches to tourism aimed at enhancing sustainability. Examining the ongoing competitiveness that exists in 21st Century tourism within a global market environment, chapters expand the debate on how innovation can tackle current challenges including providing clean energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. With climate change and environmental degradation intensifying, this Handbook reviews the urgent system changes needed, as well as considering social dimensions in order to provide cohesion between innovation and tourism. Furthermore, it highlights the important role of policy and governance to allow collective action for the public good while paying greater attention to human values. Researchers and scholars of tourism studies, including tourism management and tourism geography, will find the suggested innovations and debates informative and illustrative. This innovative Handbook will also be an excellent guide for practitioners and policy-makers embedding new and improved 'ways of doing' to promote and provide for sustainable tourism.

This timely book is an innovative look at how blockchain technology will transform the structure of social and economic life. The security of blockchain supports the provision and maintenance of reliable databases and the creation of rule-based governance protocols. Leading contributors expertly review the impact of blockchain on existing structures of law, monetary systems, supply chains and business organizations. Using economic and institutional theory, the book presents a vision for understanding the future development of blockchain technology and outlines the likely path of transformation that blockchain will drive in industry, supply chains and firms. Furthermore, it answers key questions such as: will Bitcoin or another cryptocurrency become the money of the future? How has blockchain already begun transforming economic activity? How can we evaluate the likely trajectory of technological development and application? This informative book is an excellent resource for academics or professionals interested in a theoretically sound perspective on blockchain. Written in an accessible prose, it provides an introduction for non-experts looking to learn more about the wide-ranging implications of blockchain and cryptocurrency.

A landmark reference work in the field, this Elgar Encyclopedia presents over 60 entries from scholars that have shaped the economics of innovation as a distinct and specialised field of investigation. Comprehensive and accessible, it further elaborates the relationship between the economics of knowledge and the economics of innovation. The Encyclopedia offers an overview of the classical origins of the early economics of technical change, and the role of Schumpterian legacies and the Arrovian economics of knowledge as indispensable ingredients to understanding innovation. The entries demonstrate that the analysis of the full array of feedbacks, interactions and transactions that take place within economic systems show how and why out-of-equilibrium conditions in both factor and product markets are the cause and consequence of the introduction and diffusion of innovations. This will be a critical read for economics scholars, particularly those focusing on knowledge and innovation as it offers an understanding of the definitions of key terms in the field, the founding tenets of the topic, and the economics of knowledge and innovation in more specific contexts. It will also be a useful reference tool for business school students. Key Features: Contributions from 67 scholars in the field of the economics of knowledge and innovation Informative table offering thematic groupings of the entries in a thorough introduction Provides readers with the framework to elaborate innovation policies and firms' strategies

This innovative Commentary boasts contributions from internationally renowned experts with extensive and diverse backgrounds, providing a comprehensive, critical, article-by-article and thematic analysis of the EU Regulation No 1503/2020 on European Crowdfunding Service Providers for Business (ECSPR). Chapters analyse Member States' adaptation of their legal frameworks to the ECSPR, underlying similarities, divergences, additional problematic issues and residual regulatory fragmentation. Key Features: A theoretical and cross-sectoral approach to crowdfunding services and relative regulations Constant comparison of ECSPR's provisions with other similar or interrelated EU frameworks An article-by-article and thematic analysis of the ECSPR, underlying its strengths, innovative characters and problematic aspects Analysis of the implementation of the ECSPR in different countries and adaptation of their legal frameworks, including France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Nordic countries and the Baltics The Commentary is a fundamental companion to the interpretation and application of the ECSPR which will appeal to a diverse range of readers. Academics, scholars, practitioners and professionals interested in financial regulation, EU law, technology law, business law, law of contracts, competition law, international law and comparative law will find this a beneficial resource.

Brexit has irrevocably transformed British politics, yet its effects are not confined to relations between the UK and the EU. Venturing beyond the already vast literature on Brexit, this dynamic Handbook explores the implications of the UK's withdrawal from the EU for the EU itself, single countries within and beyond Europe, and the international system, as well as different social groups, generations, and territories within the UK. John Erik Fossum and Christopher Lord bring together 29 expert contributions on the multiple actors and processes which have shaped Brexit. State-of-the-art chapters cover the various factors which led to the success of the 'Leave' campaign, the role of EU institutions in Brexit, the implications for other member states and players in the international system, and questions of political legitimacy posed by the UK's departure from the EU. The Handbook concludes with a discussion of the alternative relationships and opportunities available to the UK in the post-Brexit era. Advancing multiple specialized perspectives on and approaches to Brexit, this comprehensive Handbook will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of British and EU politics. Its overview of recent developments in the EU will allow researchers and research institutes to develop their own work on Brexit.

The Handbook on Democracy and Security offers an insightful new interpretation of the topic that reframes the contemporary challenge of democracy away from competing ideologies or external existential threats, and centres on the security of democracy in the minds and lived experience of its citizens. With a global focus, it provides a cutting edge understanding of contemporary developments in democratic breakdown, investigating the role of new media, social media and the Internet. Expert contributors explore how democracy is affected by the resurgence of populism, terrorism and migration alongside the decline of independent mass media and associated conspiracy theories. The Handbook further argues that the security of government by the people is best understood through the security of people and examines the analysis of democratic security. Providing a diverse range of perspectives on how democratic breakdown occurs, this Handbook will be an excellent read for political scientists interested in human security and the effect of social media on democracy. Policymakers interested in policy prescriptions and stabilizing democratic backsliding will also find this an illuminating and informative resource.

Capturing the important place and power role that culture plays in the decision-making process of migration, this Handbook looks at human movement outside of a vacuum; taking into account the impact of family relationships, access to resources, and security and insecurity at both the points of origin and destination. Utilising case studies from around the world, chapters look at migration from the perspectives of a broad range of migrants, including refugees, labour migrants, students, highly educated migrants, and documented and undocumented movers. The Handbook moves beyond an understanding of the economics of migration, looking at the importance of love, skilled movers, food and identity in migrants' lives. It analyses the assumption that migrants follow direct pathways to new destinations where they settle, recognising the dynamic ways in which movers travel, following circular routes and celebrating new opportunities. Highlighting the challenges migrants face, disputes around belonging and citizenship are explored in relation to rising nationalism and xenophobia. The insightful studies of the choices migrants make around both perceived and real needs and resources will make this Handbook a critical read for scholars and students of migration studies. It will also appeal to policy makers looking to understand the complexity of the impetus to migrant movement, and the important role that culture plays.

This comprehensive Encyclopedia is an indispensable resource in the area of law and development. Bringing together more than 80 entries, the Encyclopedia spans a variety of approaches, contextualised histories, recent developments and forward-looking insights into the role of law in development. Entries cover the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainable development, and offer a conceptual and contextualised perspective on key topics and terms. The Encyclopedia pluralises scholarship in the field by featuring eminent scholars of law and development alongside up-and-coming voices from both the Global South and North with diverse approaches and backgrounds. The Encyclopedia of Law and Development is an invaluable reference point for scholars seeking to engage with issues at the intersection of law and development from both within and outside of the legal field. It is also a thorough but succinct overview for post-graduate students wishing to familiarise themselves with the various aspects of law and development research and study. Key features: More than 80 entries Organised alphabetically for ease of reference Entries by both leading scholars and up-and-coming voices Each entry features selected references for further study Up-to-date outlook linked to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals.

By exploring the economic and social value of disabled people with positive entrepreneurial traits and adaptive skills, this innovative book breaks away from normative entrepreneurial studies to recognise the overlooked value in disabled entrepreneurs. In the study of entrepreneurship, the social tendency to disregard people with disabilities has caused a paucity of knowledge about the successful ventures of disabled people worldwide. Seeking to improve public understanding of disabled entrepreneurs, this pioneering book re-evaluates their identity, value and contribution beyond economic, cultural and geographical contexts. Chapters explore disabled entrepreneurs from non-Western economies and marginalised social segments, with a focus on emphasising the importance of disabled women entrepreneurs from developing economies as agents of change for society and the economy. Exploring the push and pull factors that exist for disabled people in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, chapters disassemble the socially institutionalised barriers to important sources of value creation by disabled entrepreneurs. With a global scope, this book will prove invaluable for students and scholars of entrepreneurship and business management. With expert insights into innovative practices and evidence-based policymaking from a range of disabled entrepreneurs, it will be a vital resource for entrepreneurs looking to build and grow inclusive and successful ventures.

Offering a new and comprehensive overview of important topics and orientations in the anthropological study of economic life, this invigorating third edition of A Handbook of Economic Anthropology addresses key changes in the decade since the previous edition in people's economic lives and environments, as well as in intellectual interest among scholars. The Handbook contains diverse reflections on the economic turmoil of 2008 and the austerity that followed. Containing 35 newly commissioned chapters from important scholars in the field, it covers the nature of work and the changing ways people think about it, as stable jobs give way to short term work and the platform economy, as well as the expansion of the financial sector and efforts to control it. Chapters further explore social reproduction, the maintenance and regeneration of households and social relations over time, as well as the increasing concern with value, morality and ethics, both as things that motivate people and as policy orientations. This will be a critical read for academic anthropologists looking for a state-of-the-art and thorough reference work for this key area of the discipline. Economic sociologists and geographers, as well as heterodox economists will also benefit from the broad range of empirical work and theoretical standpoints explored.

This comprehensive Research Handbook is the first study to link law and Earth system science through the epistemic lens of the planetary boundaries framework. It critically examines the legal and governance aspects of the framework, considering not only each planetary boundary, but also a range of systemic issues, including the ability of law to keep us within the planetary boundaries' safe operating space. The expert contributors investigate the current and potential role of law in relation to the complex task and regulatory challenges of governing the Earth system. They explore three thematic areas: the overarching legal, ethical and governance dimensions of the planetary boundaries; their diverse international law dimensions and the challenges they raise for international law; and the extent to which the law already provides for some of the aspects illuminated by each planetary boundary, alongside opportunities for legal reform. Lawyers, Earth system scientists and governance experts will benefit from the mapping of the next stage of international environmental law included in the chapters. The book will also be a key resource for regulators, legislators and policy-makers looking for an in-depth study of the relationship between law and each of the nine planetary boundaries.

This timely Research Handbook examines the dynamic and interdependent relationship between law and diplomacy in the contemporary international system. Through accounts of the actual practice of international law and diplomacy, it provides insights into how international law and relations operate and examines the complex relationship. An impressive selection of contributors provides analyses of bilateral and multilateral diplomacy in international law making, interpretation, and adjudication. These accounts include examinations of legal diplomacy, reforms within international organisations, judicial diplomacy, and the role of non-state actors - including NGOs and corporations - in the international system. Chapters consist of case studies of treaty negotiations, multilateral legal reform, and the resolution of disputes under formal and informal international legal mechanisms. This Handbook also assesses the relative roles of lawyers, diplomats and lawyer-diplomats within the international system, and the ethical framework for their professional conduct. This Handbook will be helpful to advanced undergraduate, graduate, and law students, as well as researchers, practitioners, and policy makers interested in multilateralism, diplomacy, international law, international organisations, civil society, and the ethics of law and diplomacy.