Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable? Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it? Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English? Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation? It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information."

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2021, organized by the University of Ghent in July 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The 48 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. CiE promotes the development of computability-related science, ranging over mathematics, computer science and applications in various natural and engineering sciences, such as physics and biology, as well as related fields, such as philosophy and history of computing. CiE 2021 had as its motto Connecting with Computability, a clear acknowledgement of the connecting and interdisciplinary nature of the conference series which is all the more important in a time where people are more than ever disconnected from one another due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Searching for Trust explores the intersection of trust, disinformation, and blockchain technology in an age of heightened institutional and epistemic mistrust. It adopts a unique archival theoretic lens to delve into how computational information processing has gradually supplanted traditional record keeping, putting at risk a centuries-old tradition of the 'moral defense of the record' and replacing it with a dominant ethos of information-processing efficiency. The author argues that focusing on information-processing efficiency over the defense of records against manipulation and corruption (the ancient task of the recordkeeper) has contributed to a diminution of the trustworthiness of information and a rise of disinformation, with attendant destabilization of the epistemic trust fabric of societies. Readers are asked to consider the potential and limitations of blockchains as the technological embodiment of the moral defense of the record and as means to restoring societal trust in an age of disinformation.

Searching for Trust explores the intersection of trust, disinformation, and blockchain technology in an age of heightened institutional and epistemic mistrust. It adopts a unique archival theoretic lens to delve into how computational information processing has gradually supplanted traditional record keeping, putting at risk a centuries-old tradition of the 'moral defense of the record' and replacing it with a dominant ethos of information-processing efficiency. The author argues that focusing on information-processing efficiency over the defense of records against manipulation and corruption (the ancient task of the recordkeeper) has contributed to a diminution of the trustworthiness of information and a rise of disinformation, with attendant destabilization of the epistemic trust fabric of societies. Readers are asked to consider the potential and limitations of blockchains as the technological embodiment of the moral defense of the record and as means to restoring societal trust in an age of disinformation.

Die Frage, ob das BGB den Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung noch gerecht werden kann, steht im Mittelpunkt dieser Publikation. Um dem auf den Grund zu gehen, untersucht der Autor den Begriff "digitale Inhalte", der seit Umsetzung der Verbraucherrechterichtlinie im BGB zu finden ist. Mithilfe einer Kategorisierung der Erscheinungsformen digitaler Inhalte ordnet er diese vertragstypologisch zu. Mit dem so gefundenen Ergebnis macht der Autor legislative Vorschlage fur eine alternative rechtliche Handhabbarkeit. Dabei nimmt er auch den von der Europaischen Kommission vorgelegten Vorschlag fur eine spezielle Richtlinie fur digitale Inhalte in den Blick und verbindet mit ihm die Zuversicht, dass es sich dabei um ein sinnvolles Update fur das BGB handeln koennte.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Cryptographer's Track at the RSA Conference 2022, CT-RSA 2022, held in San Francisco, CA, USA, in February 2022.* The 24 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 87 submissions. CT-RSA is the track devoted to scientific papers on cryptography, public-key to symmetric-key cryptography and from crypto-graphic protocols to primitives and their implementation security. *The conference was held as a hybrid event.

This book is specially designed to refresh and elevate the level of understanding of the foundational background in probability and distributional theory required to be successful in a graduate-level statistics program. Advanced undergraduate students and introductory graduate students from a variety of quantitative backgrounds will benefit from the transitional bridge that this volume offers, from a more generalized study of undergraduate mathematics and statistics to the career-focused, applied education at the graduate level. In particular, it focuses on growing fields that will be of potential interest to future M.S. and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced undergraduates heading directly into the workplace: data analytics, statistics and biostatistics, and related areas.

Strongly regular graphs lie at the intersection of statistical design, group theory, finite geometry, information and coding theory, and extremal combinatorics. This monograph collects all the major known results together for the first time in book form, creating an invaluable text that researchers in algebraic combinatorics and related areas will refer to for years to come. The book covers the theory of strongly regular graphs, polar graphs, rank 3 graphs associated to buildings and Fischer groups, cyclotomic graphs, two-weight codes and graphs related to combinatorial configurations such as Latin squares, quasi-symmetric designs and spherical designs. It gives the complete classification of rank 3 graphs, including some new constructions. More than 100 graphs are treated individually. Some unified and streamlined proofs are featured, along with original material including a new approach to the (affine) half spin graphs of rank 5 hyperbolic polar spaces.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Cyber-Physical Security for Critical Infrastructures Protection, CPS4CIP 2020, which was organized in conjunction with the European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, ESORICS 2020, and held online on September 2020.The 14 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: security threat intelligence; data anomaly detection: predict and prevent; computer vision and dataset for security; security management and governance; and impact propagation and power traffic analysis. The book contains 6 chapters which are available open access under a CC-BY license.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the workshops of the 4th Asia-Pacific Web and Web-Age Information Management International Joint Conference on Web and Big Data, APWeb-WAIM 2020: The Third International Workshop on Knowledge Graph Management and Applications, KGMA 2020; The Second International Workshop on Semi-structured Big Data Management and Applications, SemiBDMA 2020, and The First International Workshop on Deep Learning in Large-scale Unstructured Data Analytics, DeepLUDA 2020, held in Tianjin, China, in September 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online. The 13 papers were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the numerous submissions and present recent research on the theory, design, and implementation of data management systems.

For 80 years, mathematics has driven fundamental innovation in computing and communications. This timely book provides a panorama of some recent ideas in mathematics and how they will drive continued innovation in computing, communications and AI in the coming years. It provides a unique insight into how the new techniques that are being developed can be used to provide theoretical foundations for technological progress, just as mathematics was used in earlier times by Turing, von Neumann, Shannon and others. Edited by leading researchers in the field, chapters cover the application of new mathematics in computer architecture, software verification, quantum computing, compressed sensing, networking, Bayesian inference, machine learning, reinforcement learning and many other areas.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Optimization and Applications, OPTIMA 2021, held in Petrovac, Montenegro, in September - October 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was partially held online. The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on mathematical programming; global optimization; stochastic optimization; optimal control; mathematical economics; optimization in data analysis; applications.

This lucid, accessible introduction to supervised machine learning presents core concepts in a focused and logical way that is easy for beginners to follow. The author assumes basic calculus, linear algebra, probability and statistics but no prior exposure to machine learning. Coverage includes widely used traditional methods such as SVMs, boosted trees, HMMs, and LDAs, plus popular deep learning methods such as convolution neural nets, attention, transformers, and GANs. Organized in a coherent presentation framework that emphasizes the big picture, the text introduces each method clearly and concisely "from scratch" based on the fundamentals. All methods and algorithms are described by a clean and consistent style, with a minimum of unnecessary detail. Numerous case studies and concrete examples demonstrate how the methods can be applied in a variety of contexts.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 21st Japanese Conference on Discrete and Computational Geometry and Graphs, JCDCGGG 2018, held in Quezon City, Philippines, in September 2018. The total of 14 papers included in this volume was carefully reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. The papers feature advances made in the field of computational geometry and focus on emerging technologies, new methodology and applications, graph theory and dynamics.

The three-volume set LNCS 13042, LNCS 13043 and LNCS 13044 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Theory of Cryptography, TCC 2021, held in Raleigh, NC, USA, in November 2021. The total of 66 full papers presented in this three-volume set was carefully reviewed and selected from 161 submissions. They cover topics on proof systems, attribute-based and functional encryption, obfuscation, key management and secure communication.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th Symposium and Summer School on Service-Oriented Computing, SummerSOC 2021, held in September 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online. The 9 full and 2 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The papers are organized in topical secions on quantum computing; advanced application architecture; service-based applications.

Over the past 25 years, there has been an explosion of interest in the area of random tilings. The first book devoted to the topic, this timely text describes the mathematical theory of tilings. It starts from the most basic questions (which planar domains are tileable?), before discussing advanced topics about the local structure of very large random tessellations. The author explains each feature of random tilings of large domains, discussing several different points of view and leading on to open problems in the field. The book is based on upper-division courses taught to a variety of students but it also serves as a self-contained introduction to the subject. Test your understanding with the exercises provided and discover connections to a wide variety of research areas in mathematics, theoretical physics, and computer science, such as conformal invariance, determinantal point processes, Gibbs measures, high-dimensional random sampling, symmetric functions, and variational problems.

This two-volume set LNCS 12205 and LNCS 12206 constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies, LCT 2020, held as part of the 22nd International Conference, HCI International 2020, which took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, in July 2020. The total of 1439 papers and 238 posters included in the 37 HCII 2020 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 6326 submissions. The papers in this volume are organized in the following topical sections: designing and evaluating learning experiences; learning analytics, dashboards and learners models; language learning and teaching; and technology in education: policies and practice. As a result of the Danish Government's announcement, dated April 21, 2020, to ban all large events (above 500 participants) until September 1, 2020, the HCII 2020 conference was held virtually.

Algorithms play a central role both in the theory and in the practice of computing. The goal of the authors was to write a textbook that would not trivialize the subject but would still be readable by most students on their own. The book contains over 120 exercises. Some of them are drills; others make important points about the material covered in the text or introduce new algorithms not covered there. The book also provides programming projects. From the Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Basic knowledge of Mathematics, Relations, Recurrence relation and Solution techniques, Function and Growth of functions. Chapter 2: Different Sorting Techniques and their analysis. Chapter 3: Greedy approach, Dynamic Programming, Branch and Bound techniques, Backtracking and Problems, Amortized analysis, and Order Statics. Chapter 4: Graph algorithms, BFS, DFS, Spanning Tree, Flow Maximization Algorithms. Shortest Path Algorithms. Chapter 5: Binary search tree, Red black Tree, Binomial heap, B-Tree and Fibonacci Heap. Chapter 6: Approximation Algorithms, Sorting Networks, Matrix operations, Fast Fourier Transformation, Number theoretic Algorithm, Computational geometry Randomized Algorithms, String matching, NP-Hard, NP-Completeness, Cooks theorem.

"Planning as Persuasive Storytelling" is a revealing look at the world of political conflict surrounding the Commonwealth Edison Company's ambitious nuclear power plant construction program in northern Illinois during the 1980s. Examining the clash between the utility, consumer groups, community-based groups, the Illinois Commerce Commission, and the City of Chicago, Throgmorton argues that planning can best be thought of as a form of persuasive storytelling. A planner's task is to write future-oriented texts that employ language and figures of speech designed to persuade their constituencies of the validity of their vision. Juxtaposing stories about efforts to construct Chicago's electric future, "Planning as Persuasive Storytelling" suggests a shift in how we think about planning. In order to account for the fragmented and conflicted nature of contemporary American life and politics, that shift would be away from "science" and the "experts" and toward rhetoric and storytelling.

The global biodiversity crisis is one of humanity's most urgent problems, but even quantifying biological diversity is a difficult mathematical and conceptual challenge. This book brings new mathematical rigour to the ongoing debate. It was born of research in category theory, is given strength by information theory, and is fed by the ancient field of functional equations. It applies the power of the axiomatic method to a biological problem of pressing concern, but it also presents new theorems that stand up as mathematics in their own right, independently of any application. The question 'what is diversity?' has surprising mathematical depth, and this book covers a wide breadth of mathematics, from functional equations to geometric measure theory, from probability theory to number theory. Despite this range, the mathematical prerequisites are few: the main narrative thread of this book requires no more than an undergraduate course in analysis.

The global biodiversity crisis is one of humanity's most urgent problems, but even quantifying biological diversity is a difficult mathematical and conceptual challenge. This book brings new mathematical rigour to the ongoing debate. It was born of research in category theory, is given strength by information theory, and is fed by the ancient field of functional equations. It applies the power of the axiomatic method to a biological problem of pressing concern, but it also presents new theorems that stand up as mathematics in their own right, independently of any application. The question 'what is diversity?' has surprising mathematical depth, and this book covers a wide breadth of mathematics, from functional equations to geometric measure theory, from probability theory to number theory. Despite this range, the mathematical prerequisites are few: the main narrative thread of this book requires no more than an undergraduate course in analysis.

Sicherheits-Methoden werden bei weltweit verbreiteten, vernetzten e-Commerce-Aktivitaten immer wichtiger. In diesem Buch werden die verfugbaren Methoden dargestellt, die es ermoglichen, Gefahren wie etwa Angriffen aus dem Netz vorzubeugen und die Technik zu einem effektiven Element einer sicheren, zuverlassigen elektronischen Infrastruktur zu machen.
Dieses Buch zeigt ferner, dass in einer zusehends vernetzten Welt neben der Verfugbarkeit von Sicherheitstechnologie andere Ziele, wie etwa Vertrauensziele, an Bedeutung gewinnen.

This book constitutes selected papers of the Second International Conference on Advanced Communication Systems and Information Security, ACOSIS 2019, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, in November 2019. The 10 full papers and 10 short papers were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 94 submissions. The papers are organized accroding to the following topical sections: wireless communications and services; vehicular communications; channel coding; construction of error correcting codes; intrusion detection techniques; wireless and mobile network security; applied cryptography.

This book constitutesselected, revised and extended papers of the 14th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, ENASE 2019, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in May 2019. The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 102 submissions. The papers included in this book contribute to the understanding of relevant trends of current research on novel approaches to software engineering for the development and maintenance of systems and applications, specically with relation to: model-driven software engineering, requirements engineering, empirical software engineering, service-oriented software engineering, business process management and engineering, knowledge management and engineering, reverse software engineering, software process improvement, software change and configuration management, software metrics, software patterns and refactoring, application integration, software architecture, cloud computing, and formal methods.