This book examines the relationship between the EU investor protection regulations enshrined in MiFID and MiFID II and national contract and torts law. It describes how the effect of the conduct of business rules as implemented in national financial supervision legislation in private law extends to the issue of enforcement, and critically assesses this interaction from the perspective of EU law. In particular, the conclusions identified in the book will deepen readers' understanding of the interplay between the conduct of business rules and private law norms governing a firm's liability to pay damages, such as duty of care, attributability of damage, causation, contributory negligence and limitation. In turn, the book identifies the subordination and the complementarity model to conceptualise the interaction between the conduct of business rules and private law norms. Moreover, the book challenges the view that civil courts are - or should be - forced to give private law effects to violation of the MiFID and MiFID II conduct of business rules in line with the subordination model. Instead, the complementarity model is advanced as the preferred approach to this interaction in view of what MiFID and MiFID II require from Member States in terms of their implementation, as well as the desirability of each model. This model presupposes that courts should consider the conduct of business rules when adjudicating individual disputes, while preserving the autonomy of private law norms governing liability of investment firms towards clients. Based on analysis of case law of courts in Germany, the Netherlands and England & Wales, as well as scholarly literature, the book also compares the available causes of action, the conditions of liability and the obstacles investors face when claiming damages, as well as how and the extent to which investors can benefit from the conduct of business rules in clearing these obstacles. In so doing, under the approach adopted by national courts to the interplay between the conduct of business rules of EU origin and private law, the book shows how investors can benefit from the influence of these rules on private law norms. In closing, it demonstrates a hybridisation of private law remedies resulting from the accommodation of the conduct of business rules into the private law discourse according to the complementarity model, illustrating how judicial enforcement through private law means may contribute to investor protection.

This book offers the first definitive English-language resource on Chinese business law. Written by an authoritative source, the book accurately describes what the business law is and explains legislative intentions underlying the myriad of law, rules, and regulations. Moreover, it provides the most up-to-date information on law, rules, and regulations and contains accurate predictions of the future legislative trend. It is written for readers across the spectrum of both common law and civil law systems. The author's experience as expert counsel to Chinese central governmental legislative functions including the State Council Legislative Affairs Office and the expert editor and translator in chief of the national administrative regulations in business and finance, extensive experience of international legal practice and arbitration, and teaching and research experience in international business law and Chinese law will make this book of interest to lawyers, business people, and scholars.

The Joint Contracts Tribunal's (JCT) Standard Form of Building Contract, one of the most common standard contracts used in the UK to procure building work, is updated regularly to take account of changes in legislation and industry practice and relevant court decisions from litigation. The JCT 05 Standard Building Contract: Law and Administration is a second edition to the authors' earlier award-winning The JCT98 Building Contract: Law and Administration, and clarifies complex issues surrounding obligations and rights under the contract. This makes it an essential reference for construction professionals, employers, contractors, and lawyers new to construction seeking to update and consolidate their knowledge. The book also provides the knowledge and understanding of the contract, which are a fundamental part of the education of most students who go on to become managers and leaders in the construction industry. It thoroughly works through the provisions of the contract in simple language, using case law examples and relevant statute to demonstrate approaches to its interpretation.

The erstwhile unlikely coupling of human rights and corporations is now a typical feature of corporate/community relations. High-profile corporate infringements of human rights, the rise and rise of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and on-going efforts to regulate corporate behaviour through legal regimes, at both domestic and international levels, have spawned a mountain of academic literature and commentary. This volume assembles the leading essays from this body of work. Together they frame the relationship between human rights and corporations by charting its history and salient features; tackle the conceptual perspectives of the relationship and detail the practice, problems, and potential of the relationship.

Tom Bingham is among the most influential judges of the twentieth century, having occupied in succession the most senior judicial offices, Master of the Rolls, Lord Chief Justice and, currently, Senior Law Lord. His judicial and academic work has deeply influenced the development of the law in a period of substantial legal change. In particular his role in establishing the new UK Supreme Court, and his views on the rule of law and judicial independence have left a profound mark on UK constitutional law. He has also been instrumental in championing the academic and judicial use of comparative law, through his judicial work and involvement with the British Institute of International and Comparative Law.
This volume collects around fifty essays from colleagues and those influenced by Lord Bingham, from across academia and legal practice. The essays survey Lord Bingham's pivotal role in the transformations that have taken place in the legal system during his career.

As the Building Regulations and Approved Documents have become more and more complex, they have become increasingly unfriendly for a professional user. Compliance is only possible by understanding a wide range of supporting documentation. Alternative approaches are implied, but not described or analysed.This book examines Approved Document C on Site Preparation and takes the user through all the key stages of preparation, compliance, inspection and enforcement. It offers practical advice on using not just the traditional routes to compliance but also on the alternative approaches suggested but not explained in the Approved Documents. The advantages and disadvantages of each form of compliance are analysed in depth.Everything you need to know to prepare a site's fixtures against contamination and moisture is discussed, including floors, walls, window frames, door tresholds, and roofs. This is an indispensable text for professional designers, architects, structural and other specialist engineers, building control officers and students in construction, building and architecture.

Almost all buildings erected or altered in England and Wales must satisfy the requirements of the building regulations. This essential reference has been revised in line with new legislation up to January 2004, including important revisions to Parts B, E, H, J, L1, L2, and M and an outline of the proposed Part P.
Each chapter explains in clear terms the appropriate regulation and any other legislation, before explaining the approved document. The Appeals and Determinations have been repositioned at the end of each chapter. Publications lists and relevant sources of information are also included, together with annexes devoted to legislation relevant to the construction industry, determinations made by the Secretary of State, and sample check lists.
This highly illustrated and practical approach to the subject makes this the indispensable, one-stop reference guide for professionals and students.

This book details some of the most important and interesting questions raised about the NEC4 family of contracts and provides clear, comprehensive answers to those questions. Written by an NEC expert with over 20 years' experience using, advising and training others, the book has several distinctive features: It covers the whole NEC4 family It is written by a very experienced NEC author who explains sometimes complex issues in a simple and accessible style The questions and answers range from beginner level up to a masterclass level The questions are real life questions asked by actual NEC practitioners on real projects. The book includes questions and answers relating to tendering, early warnings, programme issues, quality management, payment provisions, compensation events, liabilities, insurances, adjudication, termination and much more. It is essential reading for anyone working with the NEC4 family of contracts, whether professionals or students in construction, architecture, project management and engineering.

Lobbying competition is viewed as a delegated common agency game under moral hazard. Several interest groups try to influence a policy-maker who exerts effort to increase the probability that a reform be implemented. With no restriction on the space of contribution schedules, all equilibria perfectly reflect the principals' preferences over alternatives. As a result, lobbying competition reaches efficiency. Unfortunately, such equilibria require that the policy-maker pays an interest group when the latter is hurt by the reform. When payments remain non-negative, inducing effort requires leaving a moral hazard rent to the decision maker. Contributions schedules no longer reflect the principals' preferences, and the unique equilibrium is inefficient. Free-riding across congruent groups arises and the set of groups active at equilibrium is endogenously derived. Allocative efficiency and redistribution of the aggregate surplus is linked altogether and both depend on the set of active principals, as well as on the group size.

Creative Expression and the Law helps readers better comprehend the legal pitfalls that can present themselves when artists and content creators are generating ideas, producing content and protecting and defending their creative work. In doing so, the book provides a deeper, more targeted examination of copyright, trademark and right of publicity law than is found in standard communication law texts. This examination focuses on how courts scrutinize and apply law to works of artwork and other forms of creative expression and how the constitutional strength of a First Amendment defense can vary across the legal and artistic landscape. The text approaches law as an evolving story shaped by the U.S. Constitution and its commitment to freedom of speech. It draws connections among the various legal areas and explains the purpose and development of each area of law. A set of lively cases that involve iconic brands, celebrities and expressive works are used to illustrate legal standards. Infographics and visual examples of creative work that found itself at the center of legal disputes help readers visualize abstract legal principles and rulings. These images are an important part of the text given the role that visual cues play in helping content creators learn, retain and utilize information.

China's venture capital market is not just the world's largest and fastest developing market, it also has the unique distinction of being engineered through heavy governmental intervention. This book breaks new ground by examining and testing established legal theories regarding the law of venture capital through the lens of the Chinese venture capital market. Using a hand-collected dataset of venture capital agreements, interviews with practitioners, and Chinese court judgements, it provides a comprehensive and insightful analysis of the Chinese venture capital market from the legal perspective. Topics covered include the roles of law and governmental intervention in developing the market, the state of investor protection, unique contractual developments and exits of venture capital investments. By providing an in-depth comparative analysis against the American venture capital market, it provides critical context and makes the Chinese venture market accessible. It is an invaluable resource for venture capital scholars, policymakers and practitioners.

Provides construction industry professionals with a practical and detailed guide to the NEC4 contract The NEC contract takes a collaborative, project management based approach to construction projects, which is very different to the other standard forms of construction contract. This new edition of the book covers all changes in the 4th Edition of the Engineering and Construction Contract, issued in June 2017, and will provide practical guidance to help users transitioning from NEC3 to NEC4. Inside A Practical Guide to the NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract, readers will find chapters on the background of the NECECC; contract data and other documents; the'spirit of mutual trust'; all of the individuals involved in the process (eg: project managers, clients, supervisors, subcontractors, etc.); communication issues, early warnings and other matters; quality management; titles; dealing with timing; payment processes; cost components; compensation procedures and assessments; dealing with terminations; dispute resolution; completing the contract and more. A practical guide to the application of the procedures contained in the newly issued NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract Provides detailed guidance on the use of the agreement, which is claimed to offer increased flexibility, improved clarity and greater ease of use Written specifically for people actually using and administering the NEC contracts Features 3 appendixes covering tables of clause numbers, case law and statutes; employer's, project manager's, supervisor's, contractor's and adjudicator's actions; and communication forms and their uses. First launched in 1993, the NEC has become one of the UK's leading standard forms of contract for major construction and civil engineering projects, making A Practical Guide to the NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract a must-have resource for any contractor using the latest version of this contract.

Major enterprises shape our lives in countless ways: big tech and 'surveillance media' that affect democratic debate, algorithms that influence online shopping, transport to work and home, energy and agriculture corporations that drive climate damage, and public services that provide our education, health, water, and housing. The twentieth century experienced swings between private and public ownership, between capitalism and socialism, without any settled, principled outcome, and without settling major questions of how enterprises should be financed, governed and the rights we have in them. This book's main question is 'are there principles of enterprise law', and, if they are missing, 'what principles of enterprise law should there be'? Principles of Enterprise Law gives a functional account of the 'general' enterprise laws of companies, investment, labour, competition and insolvency, before moving into specific enterprises, from universities to the military. It is an original guide to our economic constitution and human rights.

Major enterprises shape our lives in countless ways: big tech and 'surveillance media' that affect democratic debate, algorithms that influence online shopping, transport to work and home, energy and agriculture corporations that drive climate damage, and public services that provide our education, health, water, and housing. The twentieth century experienced swings between private and public ownership, between capitalism and socialism, without any settled, principled outcome, and without settling major questions of how enterprises should be financed, governed and the rights we have in them. This book's main question is 'are there principles of enterprise law', and, if they are missing, 'what principles of enterprise law should there be'? Principles of Enterprise Law gives a functional account of the 'general' enterprise laws of companies, investment, labour, competition and insolvency, before moving into specific enterprises, from universities to the military. It is an original guide to our economic constitution and human rights.

The technology and application of artificial intelligence (AI) throughout society continues to grow at unprecedented rates, which raises numerous legal questions that to date have been largely unexamined. Although AI now plays a role in almost all areas of society, the need for a better understanding of its impact, from legal and ethical perspectives, is pressing, and regulatory proposals are urgently needed. This book responds to these needs, identifying the issues raised by AI and providing practical recommendations for regulatory, technical, and theoretical frameworks aimed at making AI compatible with existing legal rules, principles, and democratic values. An international roster of authors including professors of specialized areas of law, technologists, and practitioners bring their expertise to the interdisciplinary nature of AI.

Compliance, or the behavioral response to legal rules, has become an important topic for academics and practitioners. A large body of work exists that describes different influences on business compliance, but a fundamental challenge remains: how to measure compliance or noncompliance behavior itself? Without proper measurement, it's impossible to evaluate existing management and regulatory enforcement practices. Measuring Compliance provides the first comprehensive overview of different approaches that are or could be used to measure compliance by business organizations. The book addresses the strengths and weaknesses of various methods and offers both academics and practitioners guidance on which measures are best for different purposes. In addition to understanding the importance of measuring compliance and its potential negative effects in a variety of contexts, readers will learn how to collect data to answer different questions in the compliance domain, and how to offer suggestions for improving compliance measurement.

Public companies now face constant pressure to meet investor expectations. A company must continually deliver strong short-term performance every quarter to maintain its stock price. This valuation treadmill creates incentives for corporations to deceive investors. Published more than twenty years after the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley, which requires all public companies to invest in measures to ensure the accuracy of their disclosures, The Valuation Treadmill shows how securities fraud became a major regulatory concern. Drawing on case studies of paradigmatic securities enforcement actions involving Xerox, Penn Central, Apple, Enron, Citigroup, and General Electric, the book argues that corporate securities fraud emerged as investors increasingly valued companies based on their future performance. Corporations now have an incentive to issue unrealistically optimistic disclosure to convince markets that their success will continue. Securities regulation must do more to protect the integrity of public companies from the pressure of the valuation treadmill.

Public companies now face constant pressure to meet investor expectations. A company must continually deliver strong short-term performance every quarter to maintain its stock price. This valuation treadmill creates incentives for corporations to deceive investors. Published more than twenty years after the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley, which requires all public companies to invest in measures to ensure the accuracy of their disclosures, The Valuation Treadmill shows how securities fraud became a major regulatory concern. Drawing on case studies of paradigmatic securities enforcement actions involving Xerox, Penn Central, Apple, Enron, Citigroup, and General Electric, the book argues that corporate securities fraud emerged as investors increasingly valued companies based on their future performance. Corporations now have an incentive to issue unrealistically optimistic disclosure to convince markets that their success will continue. Securities regulation must do more to protect the integrity of public companies from the pressure of the valuation treadmill.

These guidance notes provide information on preparing and managing framework contracts, and worked examples of contract data. Also provided are flow charts which set out the operational logic of the contract. Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction.

The Professional Services Short Contract, produced in partnership with the Association for Project Management is intended for use in the appointment of a supplier to provide professional services on smaller scale projects where sophisticated management techniques are not required. It can be used for appointing project managers, supervisors, designers, consultants or other suppliers under NEC contracts and can also be used for appointing supliers on non-NEC construction projects or for non-construction projects. Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction. The PSSC is produced in partnership with the Association for Project Management

This guide is written to help users to produce Service Information for the NEC3 Term Service Contract (TSC). Good quality Service Information is vital to achieving better outcomes for service contracts, and reducing misunderstandings and disputes. Service Information should be prepared with individual service requirements and the operation of the TSC in mind. ENDORSEMENTS Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction. Facilities Management Board support for the NEC3 Term Service Contracts The Facilities Management Board of the Cabinet Office UK recognises that the NEC3 Term Services Contracts support good practice in FM Procurement in the public sector. BIFM supports the NEC3 Term Service Contracts

The law of corporate reorganizations controls the fate of enterprises worth billions of dollars and has reshaped entire sectors of the economy, yet its inner workings largely remain a mystery. Judges must police a small and closed fraternity of professionals as they sit down at a conference table and forge a new future for a distressed business, but little appears to tell judges how they are to do this. Judges, however, are in fact bound by a coherent set of unwritten principles that derive from a statute Parliament passed in 1571. These principles are not simply norms or customary practices. They have hard edges, judges must enforce them, and parties are bound by them as they are by any other law. This book traces the evolution of these unwritten principles and makes accessible a legal world that has long been closed off to outsiders.

The law of corporate reorganizations controls the fate of enterprises worth billions of dollars and has reshaped entire sectors of the economy, yet its inner workings largely remain a mystery. Judges must police a small and closed fraternity of professionals as they sit down at a conference table and forge a new future for a distressed business, but little appears to tell judges how they are to do this. Judges, however, are in fact bound by a coherent set of unwritten principles that derive from a statute Parliament passed in 1571. These principles are not simply norms or customary practices. They have hard edges, judges must enforce them, and parties are bound by them as they are by any other law. This book traces the evolution of these unwritten principles and makes accessible a legal world that has long been closed off to outsiders.

This is the first in-depth comparative and empirical analysis of shareholder stewardship, revealing the previously unknown complexities of this global movement. It highlights the role of institutional investors and other shareholders, examining how they use their formal and informal power to influence companies. The book includes an in-depth chapter on every jurisdiction which has adopted a stewardship code and an analysis of stewardship in the world's two largest economies which have yet to adopt a code. Several comparative chapters draw on the rich body of jurisdiction-specific analyses, to analyze stewardship comparatively from multiple interdisciplinary perspectives. Ultimately, this book provides a cutting-edge and comprehensive understanding of shareholder stewardship which challenges existing theories and informs many of the most important debates in comparative corporate law and governance.