Business firms are ubiquitous in modern society, but an appreciation of how they are formed and for what purposes requires an understanding of their legal foundations. Intended for general readers, as well as students and policy markets, Business Persons provides a scholarly and yet accessible introduction to the legal framework of modern business enterprises.
It explains the legal ideas that allow for the recognition of firms as organizational "persons" having social rights and responsibilities. Other foundational ideas include an overview of how the laws of agency, contracts, and property fit together to compose the organized "persons" known as business firms. The institutional legal theory of the firm developed embraces both a "bottom-up" perspective of business participants and a "top-down" rule-setting perspective of government.
Other chapters in the book discuss the features of limited liability and the boundaries of firms. A typology of different kinds of firms is presented ranging from entrepreneurial one-person start-ups to complex corporations, as well as new forms of hybrid social enterprises. Practical applications include contribution to the debates surrounding corporate executive compensation and political free-speech rights of corporations.

In The Arizona State Constitution, John D. Leshy provides a comprehensive history of Arizona's constitutional development. Adopted at the height of the progressive movement, the Constitution contains many progressive innovations. Leshy describes these along with the dramatic changes the state has undergone in subsequent decades. He also includes a section-by-section commentary which crisply discusses the evolution and interpretation of each section, including significant court decisions. Thoroughly updated to reflect amendments and court cases through the fall of 2012, the second edition of The Arizona State Constitution is an essential reference guide for readers who seek a rich account of Arizona's constitutional evolution.
The Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States is an important series that reflects a renewed international interest in constitutional history and provides expert insight into each of the 50 state constitutions. Each volume in this innovative series contains a historical overview of the state's constitutional development, a section-by-section analysis of its current constitution, and a comprehensive guide to further research.
Under the expert editorship of Professor G. Alan Tarr, Director of the Center on State Constitutional Studies at Rutgers University, this series provides essential reference tools for understanding state constitutional law. Books in the series can be purchased individually or as part of a complete set, giving readers unmatched access to these important political documents.

FIDIC contracts are the most widely used contracts for international construction around the world and are used in many different jurisdictions, both common law and civil law. For any construction project, the General Conditions of Contract published by FIDIC need to be supplemented by Particular Conditions that specify the specific requirements of that project. The International Application of FIDIC Contracts: A Practical Guide provides readers with detailed guidance and resources for the preparation of the Particular Conditions that will comply with the requirements of the applicable laws that apply to the site where the work is carried out, and for the governing law of the contract, for a number of the jurisdictions in which FIDIC contracts are used. This book is essential reading for construction professionals, lawyers and students of construction law.

Dieses Lehrbuch zur Steuerlast und Steuerwirkung wendet sich an Leser, die eine Einfuhrung in die einzelwirtschaftlichen Folgen der Besteuerung suchen, aber nicht oder noch nicht steuerrechtliche Details in ihren Anwendungsfolgen im einzelnen studieren wollen: als Praktiker, Studierende der Wirtschafts- und Rechtswissenschaften. Das Buch will uber die Belastung mit einkommensabhangigen Steuern bei einzelnen naturlichen Personen und der von ihnen gebildeten Organisationen (wie Privathaushalte, Unternehmungen) unterrichten und Fehl- oder Schutzbehauptungen von Interessenten uber Steuerwirkungen aufdecken (weitere Steuerarten, wie die Umsatzsteuer und die Erbschaftssteuer werden zum Teil erortert)."

This latest title from Sarah Lupton provides comprehensive guidance to RIBA's two updated building contracts: RIBA Domestic Building Contract 2018 and the RIBA Concise Building Contract 2018. Introducing the contracts' features and benefits and covering all aspects of their use, the Guide has been expanded with increased assistance on choice of form, tendering and contract formation. It enables readers to choose and form the right contract for the appropriate project and guides all parties through the various stages. A new section on practical completion, including certification, has been added, alongside additional detail on role and liabilities of contract administrators. Assuming no current knowledge of the law or contract administration, this acts as a standalone guide for new users of the RIBA contracts, as well as a valuable update for previous users. It is the ideal companion for anybody using the latest building contracts.

Beinhaltet eine einzigartige Vielfalt an Fragen und UEbungen fur Studierende der Grundlagen der Mikrooekonomik Enthalt Multiple-Choice Fragen, mathematische UEbungen und offene Fallstudien 2. Auflage wurde um zahlreichen neue UEbungsaufgaben und Loesungen erweitert

This user friendly guide introduces, explains, and demystifies the NEC4 contract on a practical, work-based level. Made for architects by an architect, it explores the best approach to collaborative and contractual partnering work practices. Alongside explanations of the contracts and clauses, it presents the key areas of distinction from alternative standard form contracts and examines the integrated project management principles that bring the NEC4 contracts together as a whole. It's the perfect companion book for professionals who are new to the NEC contract family and former users trying to understand the latest updates.

Delivering a clear and precise statement of the law and comprehensive practical guidance this book addresses the formation, administration, and financial management of unincorporated associations and the commonly occurring problems that arise. As well as content on practical matters such as rules, committees, and registration of names, the book gives clear guidance on the classification of unincorporated associations and on distinguishing them from other forms of clubs. It also addresses disciplinary action against members, as well as both tortious and contractual liability and civil court procedure, providing a complete source of reference for those involved in advising all types of unincorporated associations.
The appendices provide specimen sets of rules and procedure for disciplinary action giving practical guidance and equipping the reader with invaluable time saving tools.
Outside of England and Wales, European Union policy has had a significant impact on the law relating to unincorporated associations, limiting the freedom to contract which originally governed the formation of interlinked contracts within these groups. The implementation of European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, along with related statues, has affected the right of membership to an unincorporated association and the manner in which a member may be disciplined for breach of rules. The book provides unique guidance on these changes as well as the impact of those affected by the Woolf reforms on disputes concerning unincorporated associations.

Tom Bingham was among the most influential judges of the twentieth century, having occupied in succession the most senior judicial offices, Master of the Rolls, Lord Chief Justice and Senior Law Lord, before retiring in 2008, at which point he devoted himself to the teaching of Human Rights Law, until his death in September 2010. His judicial and academic work has deeply influenced the development of the law in a period of substantial legal change. In particular his role in establishing the new UK Supreme Court, and his views on the rule of law and judicial independence left a profound mark on UK constitutional law. He was also instrumental in championing the academic and judicial use of comparative law, through his judicial work and involvement with the British Institute of International and Comparative Law.
This volume collects around fifty essays from colleagues and those influenced by Lord Bingham, from across academia and legal practice. The essays survey Lord Bingham's pivotal role in the transformations that took place in the legal system during his career.

The book focuses on the different aspects of business in India required to be taken care of by any businessperson, especially a foreigner, willing to do business in India. India is known for "unity in diversity." The country being a very old civilization, and of continental size with great diversity, often remains a mystery for most of the foreign investors and businesspersons who get very easily attracted to it because of the humongous market and its potential. The book goes deep into the various important aspects of business in India which essentially hold the key to success of a business venture. A good understanding of the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal aspects (the PESTEL framework) of the business environment in the country holds a businessperson in good stead in comparison with others who have little or no idea of the big picture. The book discusses these aspects with pertinent examples to make understanding their interplay easy. Any person unfamiliar with India as a country will get a good idea of different aspects of the country through the PESTEL framework and will be able to understand the true meaning of unity in diversity. Also, it makes it possible for someone well versed with the system of business in India to appreciate the finer aspects. The book is divided into three modules. The first module provides an overview of business in India, scope and potential for growth, opportunities, and some good success stories. The second module goes into the details of the PESTEL framework and discusses each arm at length. The combined study of numerous factors, which has been divided into different heads for better understanding, brings out many stories giving a fantastic learning experience. A closer look at how things are changing and what can be anticipated arguably is the most important part of the book, providing pointers to remain connected with day-to-day happenings. The third module goes into the practical aspects of doing business and deals with investment, establishing and running a business in India. Altogether, the book is a complete package to facilitate ease of business in the country and will be of interest to practitioners, policy makers and researchers working in this field.

A comprehensive, stimulating introduction to trusts law, which provides readers with a clear conceptual framework to aid understanding of this challenging area of the law. Aimed at readers studying trusts at an undergraduate level, it provides a succinct and enlightening account of this area of the law.
Concise and clear, this book also identifies and discusses many analytical perspectives, encouraging a deeper understanding of the issues at hand. It offers an outstanding treatment of specific areas, in particular remedial constructive trusts and trusts of family homes. Ideal for providing a broad background to the issues before embarking on an in-depth study of trusts, it can also be used to help the reader to develop their understanding. For those looking to challenge themselves, detailed footnotes highlight further issues and point the direction for future reading.
Fully revised to take into account the Charities Act 2006, judicial developments through case law, and recent academic work in this area, this new edition in the renowned Clarendon Law Series offers a well-written, careful, and insightful introduction to the law of trusts.

"This book is a classic... its style and content remain invaluable." Entertainment Law Review This is the new edition of a unique book about intellectual property. It is for those new to the subject, both law students and others such as business people needing some idea of the subject. It provides an outline of the basic legal principles, educating the reader as to the shape of the law. Critically, it also gives an insight into how the system actually works. You cannot understand chess by merely learning the rules - you also have to know how the game is played: so too with intellectual property. The authors deliberately avoid technicalities: keeping things simple, yet direct. There are no footnotes to distract. Although cases are, inevitably, referred to, they are explained in a pithy, accessible manner. All major areas of IP - patents, trade marks, copyright and designs - are covered, along with briefer treatment of other rights and subjects such as breach of confidence, plant varieties and databases. A novice reader should come away both with a clear outline of IP law and a feeling for how it works. Students will be able to put their more detailed study into perspective. Users will be able to understand better how IP affects them and their businesses.

Guide to JCT Intermediate Contract 2016, the new edition of Sarah Lupton's ever popular Guide to IC11, is a practical guide to the operation and administration of the JCT Intermediate Contract suite 2016. All of the contract's provisions, procedures and conditions are organised and explained by subject, clearly distinguishing the different obligations due to various parties and the contractual issues arising during the course of a job - all backed up by the latest legislation and case law. Changes to this new edition include: thorough explanation and analysis of the new JCT Intermediate Contract 2016 comprehensive update on legislative changes since 2011, such as the Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 and CDM Regulations 2015 coverage of key case law developments, on issues such as the meaning residential occupier, choice of contract, access to site, concurrent delay, inspection, practical completion, certification, payment, termination and mediation objective commentary and comparison with relevant features of the new RIBA Building Contracts brand new content to improve coverage and overall value to the reader fresh new design. Not only is this an indispensable reference for the hard-pressed practitioner, but, assuming no prior knowledge of JCT contracts or the law, it is also ideal for architecture and other construction students on the threshold of undertaking their professional exams.

Since the prohibition of the threat or use of force and the resurgence of (economic) nationalism, economic warfare has become an increasingly important substitute for actual hostilities between states. Its manifestations range from medieval sieges to modern day trade wars. Despite its long history, economic warfare remains an elusive term, foreign to international law. This book seeks to identify those portions of international law that are applicable to economic warfare. What is the status quo of regulation? Is there a jus ad bellum oeconomicum? A jus in bello oeconomico? After putting forward its own definition of economic warfare, the book reviews historical case studies - reflecting the three main branches of international economic law: trade, investment and currency - to identify pertinent legal boundaries. While the case studies reveal that numerous rules of international (economic) law regulate (specific measures of) economic warfare, it remains to be seen whether - analogously to the prohibition of the threat or use of force - these selective limitations have the potential to coalesce into a general prohibition of economic warfare in the future.

The fifth edition of this bestselling textbook has been thoroughly revised to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the legislation, administration and management of construction contracts. It now includes comparisons of working with JCT, NEC3, and FIDIC contracts throughout. Introducing this topic at the core of construction law and management, this book provides students with a one-stop reference on construction contracts. Significant new material covers: procurement tendering developments in dispute settlement commentary on all key legislation, case law and contract amendments In line with new thinking in construction management research, this authoritative guide is essential reading for every construction undergraduate and an extremely useful source of reference for practitioners.

This book addresses the process and principles of contract management in construction from an international perspective. It presents a well-structured, in-depth analysis of construction law doctrines necessary to understand the fundamentals of contract management. The book begins with an introduction to contract management and contract law and formation. It then discusses the various parties to a contract and their relevant obligations, whether they are engineers, contractors or subcontractors. It also addresses standard practices when drafting and revising contracts, as well as what can be expected in standard contracts general clauses. Two chapters are dedicated to contract clauses, with one focused on contract administration such as schedules, payment certificates and defects liability, and the other focused on contract management, such as terminations, dispute resolutions and claims. This book provides a useful reference to engineers, project managers and students within the field of engineering and construction management.

The success of every construction project begins with reading and understanding the contract. Contract Administrators and Project Managers for all parties in the construction process must realize the major impact their actions have on cost, schedule, and quality in relation to the contract terms and conditions. Written in a clear and accessible way from a Constructor's perspective, Successful Contract Administration guides the student through the critical issues of understanding contract law and obligations for effective project execution. Through examples, exercises, and case studies, this textbook will: Improve knowledge and comprehension of key contract elements Help the student apply knowledge to real case scenarios Improve the student's ability to analyze and create different scenarios for success Evaluate critical issues of responsibility and ethics in relation to contract administration. The text is supported by a companion website featuring additional resources for both students and instructors. Resources for the student include additional case studies, links to useful websites, video commentary and interviews for increased understanding of important chapter material, true/false sample quiz questions and a flashcard glossary to reinforce comprehension of key terms and concepts. Additional instructor material includes a testbank of questions, (including true/false, multiple choice, and sample essay questions), website links to contract documents and PowerPoint slides.

Through the prisms of a data scientist, a patent attorney, and a designer, this book demystifies the complexity of patent data and its structure and reveals their hidden connections by employing elaborate data analytics and visualizations using a network map. This book provides a practical guide to introduce and apply patent network analytics and visualization tools in your business. We incorporate case studies from renowned companies such as Apple, Dyson, Adobe, Bose, Samsung and more, to scrutinise how their underlying values of patent network drive innovation in their business. Finally, this book advances readers' perspective of patent gazettes as big data and as a tool for innovation analytics when coupled with Artificial Intelligence.