Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention: Social and Behavioral Perspectives

Lisa A. Eaton and Seth C. Kalichman, editors

Three decades into the epidemic, a great deal is known about HIV and its transmission, more people are living with the disease, and the virus is no longer seen as a death sentence. But new people continue to be infected with HIV each year, making prevention strategies that are medically effective and behaviorally engaging as urgent a priority as ever.

"Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention: Social and Behavioral Perspectives" assembles the latest improvements, barriers to implementation, and possibilities for--and challenges" "to--future progress. Innovations such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (antiretroviral regimens for the high-risk uninfected) and treatment as prevention (early use of ART to reduce infectiousness of new patients) are examined, as are current findings on ongoing prevention and treatment concerns.

Contributors illuminate the complex realities entailing adherence, pointing out technological, behavioral, and cultural roadblocks as well as opportunities to significantly reduce infection rates. Detailed up-to-the-minute coverage includes: Prevention services for persons living with HIVAdherence to HIV treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxisAdvocating for rectal microbicides and safe lubricantsMental health and substance use in the scale-up of HIV preventionRisk compensation in response to HIV preventionImplementing biomedical HIV prevention advances: reports from South Africa, Uganda, Australia, Thailand, United States, Ecuador, and Peru

Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working in the fields of HIV/AIDS and public health will look toward "Biomedical" "Advances" "in" "HIV" "Prevention: Social and Behavioral Perspectives" as both a means for developing and assessing current programs and a blueprint for the next generation of prevention efforts.

The fully updated ninth edition of this bestselling handbook summarizes concisely but fully the methods of contraception, of which there are more now than were ever available to previous generations. This is a practical guide and includes newly launched intrauterine contraceptives. It also explains why new regimens for oral contraception should replace the standard 21/7 ritual that is suboptimal, despite being the norm for the past 60 years. Incorporating relevant WHO and national guidance documents, Professor Guillebaud's writing is appreciated because he describes best practice not only when there is a good evidence-base but also when there is not. He guides clinical judgement in real-world situations, where there often are unknowns yet the healthcare provider is facing a person who needs practical help now, in making their choice of method according to their own priorities. The easy-to-read format includes bulleted text and colour summary boxes that present information at a glance. Contraception Today is the ideal guide to contraceptive advice for general practitioners and practice nurses.

This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, Guest Edited by Dr. Joanna L. Drowos, is devoted to Prevention and Screening. Articles in this issue include: Lifestyle Changes for Disease Prevention; Aspirin and the Drugs of Life Saving Benefit; Cardiovascular Disease: Hypertension Prevention; Diabetes Care and Prevention; Immunizations; Pediatric Screening: Anemia, Development, Lead; Geriatric Screening; Screening for Breast Cancer; Screening for Cervical Cancer; Screening for Colon Cancer; Screening for Prostate Cancer; Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections; and Screening for Osteoporosis.

In the 14 years since the first edition of Addictions was published, a wealth of substantive and crucial new findings have been added to our knowledge of alcohol and other substance use disorders. This primary reference has now been updated and expanded to include 38 chapters, all completely rewritten to reflect new knowledge gained about the science of alcohol and other drugs, as well as new treatment approaches and research trends. Addictions: A Comprehensive Guidebook, Second Edition, features a roster of senior scientists covering the latest findings in the study of alcohol and other drug use, abuse, and dependence. Skilfully edited by Drs. Barbara S. McCrady and Elizabeth E. Epstein, the chapters primarily review the literature published in the last 14 years since the first edition. The volume covers seven different content areas: Section I addresses broad conceptual issues as well as information on the etiology, neuroscience, epidemiology and course of alcohol and other drug use, abuse, and dependence. Section II provides detailed pharmacological and clinical information on the major drugs of abuse, including alcohol. Sections III, IV, and V focus on knowledge of importance to clinical practice, including a section on assessment and treatment planning, information on a range of empirically supported treatments, and issues related to clinical practice. Section VI provides information about specific population groups, and Section VII addresses policy, prevention, and economic issues in the field. The book is appropriate for a wide variety of readers who are either treating, learning to treat, doing research on, or teaching about addictions. Comprehensive and succinct, it is written in a manner that is accessible and useful to practitioners, students, clinician trainees, and researchers. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate courses and training programs in psychology, psychiatry, social work, and addictions certifications, and for advanced undergraduate courses on alcohol and other substance use disorders

Representing Ebola provides readers with a critical legal analysis of the recent West African Ebola Outbreak. The author argues that a review of the scientific, military, legal, economic, political, and mediated coverage of this latest outbreak highlights the ways that organizations like the World Health Organization or Doctors Without Borders want to conceptualize the importance of rapid emergence from the West during African Ebola epidemics. The author concludes that while the U.S. military and other organizations prided themselves on their belated responses to this outbreak oftentimes journalists, scientists, and others overlooked the contributions that were made by contract tracers and indigenous public health workers. Sadly, the 2013-2015 West African outbreak took the lives of thousands of individuals, and the author contends that this contributed to sensationalist ways of representing local burial and food habits. The book concludes by noting that while many West African leaders appreciated the billions of dollars of promised aid that would flow toward this region in the wake of the Ebola outbreak real "health security" measures have to involve longer term infrastructural changes. Talk of how Westerners rescued the West Africans need to be augmented with more nuanced ways of thinking about how many of those who actually battled Ebola need to become part of future conversations regarding everything from theories of "aerial" transmission to the steps that need to be taken during the first few weeks of recorded outbreaks.

Examining the strengths and limitations of various standards of accuracy in clinical laboratory analyses, this detailed reference presents an in-depth study of important theoretical and empirical issues concerning the description, collection, and application of reference values in laboratory medicine.

This reference provides contemporary information on all aspects of Down syndrome, investigating health concerns by age group and by organ system. The text sets out to identify and correct problems before they interrupt developing skills. It includes preventive medical checklists with summaries of appropriate medical intervention; supplies background information about history, genetics and epidemiology; outlines clinical management strategies; establishes guidelines on how to inform parents of the diagnosis and conveys practical suggestions on the handling and care of the infant; and offers a detailed review of the medical literature. Appendices provide information including growth charts and financial checklists.

This volume is the first comprehensive and interdisciplinary text to holistically improve understanding of the health of South Asians residing in the United States by considering biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors of health. The vast literatures of diverse fields - psychology, medicine, public health, social work, and health policy - are integrated by leading scholars, scientists, and practitioners in these areas to explore the impact of South Asian cultural factors on health, health risk, and illness. Chapters incorporate available theoretical and empirical information on the status of chronic health conditions in South Asians in the United States, with consideration of future directions to improve understanding of the health of this group. Cultural and ethnic insights imperative for clinical/community/medical practitioners to provide effective and culturally-appropriate care and treatment from an interdisciplinary lens are provided.

Sleep disorders can have substantial impact on public health through the disruption of education, work, and the quality of life for affected patients. The substantial breakthroughs in sleep research and sleep medicine now being made are influencing public health approaches to these disorders. The first text to review how the modern approach to sleep medicine can improve public health, this clearly presented work focuses on the emerging challenges and public health consequence of sleep and wake dysfunctions, and is fully up to date with modern sleep research. Written by leading international authorities, Sleep Disorders provides essential information to sleep specialists, psychiatrists, neurologists, public and population health physicians, and national and international health public policy makers.

There is growing evidence of the wide-ranging impacts of corporations in selected industries on global patterns of health and disease. However, limited analysis has been undertaken of the increasing corporate involvement in collective action needed to effectively address these impacts. This book brings together a wide ranging collection of case studies that provide new empirical research on how corporations impact on, influence of, and could be held more accountable to, global health governance. Written by leading and emerging scholars from a broad range of disciplinary perspectives, each case study seeks to expand the methods, conceptual approaches and sources of data used to address three key questions: *What impacts are corporations having on global health governance? *How do corporations shape and influence global health governance in ways that protect and promote their own interests? *What forms of global health governance are needed to mediate these corporate impacts in ways that protect and promote population health? Also, for a practical guide on how to conduct research on the impact of corporations on global health and global health governance, see the partner volume: http://www.rowmaninternational.com/books/researching-corporations-and-global-health-governance

Delivering the first comprehensive analysis of elder justice and its implications for policy and practice, this book offers a promising approach that ensures the rights, safety, and security of all older Americans. It explains the antecedents of elder justice in the fields of elder abuse, aging, and public health, and describes the opportunities for achieving more comprehensive, cohesive, and integrated public policy. The text examines the cumulative impact of ageism, racism, sexism, heterosexism, class, and other forms of disadvantage and isolation on the lives of older adults and how these contribute to poverty, disease, disability, abuse, and neglect. It draws from the fields of public health and health equity, and plans devised by international organizations that frame elder abuse as a human rights issue. Practical and achievable goals in the prevention of elder abuse aid policy makers, program developers, grant-makers, and service providers in the fields of gerontology, social work, public health, and nursing in their efforts towards elder abuse prevention. Key Features: Identifies institutionalized ageism in pubic policy and practice Proposes core principles of elder justice to guide policy and service development Introduces knowledge and techniques from the fields of elder abuse and public health Provides greater understanding of social determinants and how they are addressed in the public health arena Offers techniques for improving access to the legal system for people with physical, cognitive, and communication disabilities Offers practical and achievable goals; objectives and recommendations; and models for state, national, and international policy and programs.

This book provides a theoretical framework and related technical skills for investigating climate change and its public health consequences and responses with a focus on urban settings, and in particular Hong Kong, a subtropical metropolis in Asia. Specifically, the book examines the impact of climate change on health in terms of mortality, hospital admissions and help-seeking, as well as key response strategies of adaptation and mitigation. Many existing books tend to consider the relationship of climate change and public health as two connected issues divided into various discrete topics. Conversely, this book explicitly applies public health concepts to study the human impact of climate change, for example, by conceptualising climate change impact and its alleviation, mitigation and adaptation in a public health framework. Overall, this volume summarises what is known about climate change and health and ignites further debates in the area, especially for urban subtropical communities from within a wider global perspective. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental health, public health, climate change, urban studies and Asian studies.

To date, geography has not yet carved out a disciplinary niche within the diffuse domain that constitutes global health. However, the compulsion to do and understand global health emerges largely from contexts that geography has long engaged with: urbanisation, globalisation, political economy, risk, vulnerability, lifestyles, geopolitics, culture, governance, development and the environment. Moreover, global health brings with it an innate, powerful and politicising spatial logic that is only now starting to emerge as an object of enquiry. This book aims to draw attention to and showcase the wealth of existing and emergent geographical contributions to what has recently been termed 'critical global health studies'. Geographical perspectives, this collection argues, are essential to bringing new and critical perspectives to bear on the inherent complexities and interconnectedness of global health problems and purported solutions. Thus, rather than rehearsing the frequent critique that global health is more a 'set of problems' than a coherent disciplinary approach to ameliorating the health of all and redressing global bio-inequalities; this collection seeks to explore what these problems might represent and the geographical imaginaries inherent in their constitution. This unique volume of geographical writings on global health not only deepens social scientific engagements with health itself, but in so doing, brings forth a series of new conceptual, methodological and empirical contributions to social scientific, multidisciplinary scholarship.

This book presents a novel and accessible way to learn about designing and conducting social research. Unlike traditional social research methods books, it provides a 'real world' account of social researchers' experiences and learning achieved through conducting research in a variety of fields. It contains an eclectic collection of research and advice for conducting research from social researchers with varying backgrounds. Suggestions are made in relation to gaining access to research sites, conducting research on sensitive topics such as suicide, child sexual abuse and homelessness, ensuring the inclusive participation of participants with intellectual disabilities and children. Also included are discussions of conducting practitioner research, conducting research on individual change, psychoanalytically informed research, documentary research and post qualitative research. Other chapters focus on criticality in research on topics that have become politicised and moralised, ensuring that research conducted is credible and how knowledge in research is constructed through both the theoretical framework used and how it is conducted. Bringing together a diverse collection of social research projects, Designing and Conducting Research in Social Science, Health and Social Care will be of interest to students, educators and researchers in the social sciences and professionals in related areas.

Devastating epidemics of untreatable smallpox caused not only deaths but dire disfigurements of face and body as well as one third of all blindness. In the 20th century mortality was estimated at 300 million up to 1978, the year it was proclaimed to be eradicated. Historically, the fact has been overlooked, often forgotten, that the preventative practice of variolation for smallpox was widely adopted internationally during the 18th century and was the precursor to refinement as cowpox vaccination. Never previously traced was the extensive global adoption of the technique or the impetus for this transmission and how, in these countries of its adoption, variolation was the prime mover for a national concept of public health with the establishment of free institutions. The global adoption of the first invasive medical prophylaxis for any disease, the origin of immunity, deserves its place in history.

-Very hands on material with lots of sample letters and questionnaires

-No other resource on this topic tailored to health and human services

-Motivated and entrepreneurial author (Gambescia)

This book from a husband-and-wife team of experienced popular science writers provides a good critical analysis and scientific assessment of the nature and actual level of risk to the public from the leading popularly perceived environmental health hazards. They assess the risks of radiation from nuclear testing, nuclear power plants, radon in the home, electromagnetic fields and cancer (an illusory hazard), environmental factors in asthma, breast cancer clusters, and risks from toxic waste dumps.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer can have devastating side effects on the skin of a patient. This innovative guide for both dermatologists and oncologists gives a good introduction both to therapy regimes and to dermatological management for medical professionals treating their patients.

This book introduces the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) and summarizes progress in this area. The UTCI was developed as part of the European COST Action Program and first announced to the scientific community in 2009. Since then, a decade has followed of applicability tests and research results, as well as knowledge gained from applying the UTCI in human adaptation and thermal perception. These findings are of interest to researchers in the interdisciplinary areas of biometeorology, climatology and urban planning. The book summarizes this progress, discussing the limitations found and provides pointers to future developments. It also discusses UTCI applications in the areas of human biometeorology and urban planning including possibilities of using UTCI and similar indices in climate-responsive urban planning. The book's message is illustrated with many case studies from the real world. Chapter 10 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book offers a reliable source of information on the latest advances and current trends in the medical and clinical sciences. The focus is on certain fields that are of consistently high practical interest due to widespread disease morbidity, and on pathomechanisms that are not yet fully understood and their treatment. The topics covered include, but are not limited to, the search for novel biomarkers of colorectal cancer, morbidity and mortality after traumatic brain injuries, and impairment in brain-controlled muscle mechanisms after stroke. In addition, problematic issues in pulmonary medicine are discussed at length. These issues, notably, concern human studies that have set the standards for allergy, sensory irritation, and sensitization research, as well as studies on the management and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea. Lastly, the book addresses various aspects of commonplace viral respiratory infections, such as vulnerability and transmission in both pediatric and adult populations, flue vaccination coverage, and post-infectious respiratory complications. . The book's goal is to promote the restoration and maintenance of good health, disease prophylaxis, and improved patient management by integrating research into clinical work and findings on improving care. It offers a valuable asset for clinical specialists, researchers, and everyone engaged in healthcare.

Because of its peculiar biology, its negative impacts on forestry, and its urticating larvae affecting human and animal health, pine processionary moth has largely been studied in many European countries during the last century. However, knowledge remained scattered and no synthesis has ever been published. Since the IPCC retained the moth as one of the two insect indicators of climate change because of its expansion with warming up, filling this gap became increasingly important. Led by INRA, this book associates 101 authors from 22 countries of Europe, Minor Asia and North Africa, combining all the concerned research fields (entomology, ecology, genetics, mathematical modelling, medical and veterinary science, pest management) in a multidisciplinary approach to understand and model the processes underlying past, present and future moth expansion and to propose adapted management methods. Besides, the major biological patterns of the related processionary species are also detailed.

This book adopts an interdisciplinary approach with a wide scope of perspectives on primary healthcare, describing related principles, care models, practices and social contexts. It combines aspects of development, research and education applied in primary health care, providing practitioners and scholars with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and delivery models of healthcare in community settings. It covers the practical, philosophical and scholarly issues pertinent to the delivery, financing, planning, ethics, health politics, professional and technological development, resources, and monitoring in primary health care. Contributors are from a diverse range of academic and professional backgrounds, bringing together collective expertise in mainstream medicine, nursing, allied health, Chinese medicine, health economics, administration, law, public policy, housing management, information technology and mass communications. As such, the book does not follow the common clinical practice or service-based approach found in most texts on primary care.The contents will serve as a useful reference work for policymakers, researchers, community health practitioners, health executives and higher education students.

This open access book offers an overview of the beautiful, powerful, and dynamic array of opportunities to promote health through the arts from theoretical, methodological, pedagogical, and critical perspectives. This is the first-known text to connect the disparate inter-disciplinary literatures into a coherent volume for health promotion practitioners, researchers, and teachers. It provides a one-stop depository for using the arts as tools for health promotion in many settings and as bridges across communities, cultures, and sectors. The diverse applications of the arts in health promotion transcend the multiple contexts within which health is created, i.e., individual, community, and societal levels, and has a number of potential health, aesthetic, and social outcomes. Topics covered within the chapters include: Exploring the Potential of the Arts to Promote Health and Social Justice Drawing as a Salutogenic Therapy Aid for Grieving Adolescents in Botswana Community Theater for Health Promotion in Japan From Arts to Action: Project SHINE as a Case Study of Engaging Youth in Efforts to Develop Sustainable Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Strategies in Rural Tanzania and India Movimiento Ventana: An Alternative Proposal to Mental Health in Nicaragua Using Art to Bridge Research and Policy: An Initiative of the United States National Academy of Medicine Arts and Health Promotion is an innovative and engaging resource for a broad audience including practitioners, researchers, university instructors, and artists. It is an important text for undergraduate- and graduate-level courses, particularly in program planning, research methods (especially qualitative methodology), community health, and applied art classes. The book also is useful for professional development among current health promotion practitioners, community nurses, community psychologists, public health professionals, and social workers.

This book provides a model for the creation of sustainable and healthy cities in the Mediterranean region. It uses the coastal city of L'Alfas del Pi in Spain as an example for designing renewable and innovative urban models that offer high standards of living, wellbeing and eco-friendly advantages. Quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by scholars in a wide variety of fields to provide a thorough understanding of the social, cultural, economic, political, physical, environmental and public health influences, through the case study of L'Alfas del Pi. L'Alfas del Pi has a geographically unique population made of a mixture of local inhabitants and Northern European residents attracted by the weather conditions and the sea. The chapters in this book explore a series of innovative proposals for addressing concerns in the area, including historic preservation, sustainable transportation, promoting health and physical activity and water conservation. The methodology establishes a strategic approach that serves as a useful reference point for coastal cities, particularly in Mediterranean countries, in the creation of sustainable and healthy cities. This book will appeal to researchers across the disciplines of tourism, planning, health geography, architecture and urban studies.

The outbreak of Ebola virus disease that gripped Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone through much of 2014 and 2015 was undoubtedly a health emergency, yet it was also a global political event. This book examines the international politics of the Ebola outbreak in all of its dimensions, critically assessing the global response, examining what the outbreak can tell us about contemporary global health governance, and examining the inequalities and injustices that were laid bare. In doing so, the book shows how some of the concepts, debates and findings from the growing field of global health research in International Relations can help both in furthering understanding of the Ebola crisis and also in improving policy responses to future infectious disease outbreaks. This book was originally published as a special edition of Third World Quarterly.