This book aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for a myriad of crime and mental health topics and issues in the African criminal justice system from a psycho-criminological perspective. Crime, Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System in Africa: A Psycho-Criminological Perspective is an ideal primary text for courses in criminology, criminal justice, and forensic psychology, as well as asource of reference for practitioners who deal with offenders or victims. "For a long time, African historiography has been viewed and interpreted from Eurocentric perspectives. This book is a timely contribution towards infusing Afrocentric perspectives in African scholarship by indigenous scholars. The authors' interdisciplinary topical approach, covering a gamut of topics ranging from African criminology, through mental health and psychology, to criminal justice systems, has lent a decolonizing voice toward African literary pursuit and thereby laid a solid foundation for further research by other scholars. I highly recommend it to readers, academic institutions and researchers on Africa." - Emmanuel Onyeozili, Ph.D., Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Department of Criminal Justice, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, USA "This edited volume by an array of experts from West and Southern Africa has given a refreshing voice to psycho-criminological narratives in the continent. In a region of the world in which there is insufficient documentation of the patterns, determinants and outcomes of criminal behaviour, this book offers a culturally competent and contemporary flavour to an ancient discourse. Its focus on new areas of concern such as online dating scams, kidnapping and the mental health of officials in the criminal justice system compellingly captures the potential reader and gives good value for time. It is warmly recommended for its breadth of coverage, the authority of its claims and the multi-disciplinary outlook of its authors." - Adegboyega Ogunwale, MBBS, FWACP, Consultant Psychiatrist, Forensic Unit, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Ogun State, Nigeria "This collection represents a significant step in the study of mental health, crime and criminal justice in sub-Saharan Africa. The breadth of topics covered is impressive, with each contribution based on methodologically-sound empirical analyses. It deserves to become a key reference for students, researchers and policy makers interested in suicide, drug use, violence, the work of prison officers, criminal investigations, and police-community interactions." - Justice Tankebe, Ph.D., Lecturer, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, UK "Mental health and criminal justice issues are growing problems facing the world today. Questions about whether mental health affects crime or whether involvement in the criminal justice system affects an individual's health have become part of national policy discussion. This nicely written book brings together eminent scholars and experts with extensive experience in their various fields to address these and other questions related to crime, mental health, and criminal justice in Africa. The editors did well to coordinate the efforts of the contributors into a valuable pierce. I highly recommend it for all who are interested in the nexus between crime, mental health, and criminal justice systems." - Francis D. Boateng, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Mississippi, USA

A UN report presented to the UN Human Rights Council in 2017 recognized that, "although pesticide use has been correlated with a rise in food production, it has had catastrophic impacts" on human health and the environment. The report acknowledged that "increased food production has not succeeded in eliminating hunger worldwide because of the many interacting factors involved. Reliance on hazardous pesticides is a short-term solution that undermines the rights to adequate food and health for present and future generations." It is hoped that the knowledge available in Synthetic Pesticide Use in Africa: Impact on People, Animals, and the Environment will both enlighten the reader to present serious concerns on the use of synthetic pesticides, and motivate society to make the changes necessary for the sustainable production of safe, nutritious, and affordable food for the anticipated 250 billion inhabitants of this Earth in 2050. Key Features: * Explains the relationship of synthetic pesticides to escalating noncommunicable human and animal diseases in Africa and developing countries. * Discusses the impact of the herbicide glyphosate on the health of humans, animals, and the environment. * Reviews the disease causing mode of action of glyphosate and other synthetic pesticides on nutrient density and human and animal bodies. * Warns of the special vulnerability of children to synthetic pesticide toxicity. * Recommends needed legal initiatives to use synthetic pesticides more judiciously. The book is divided into seven (7) sections: I. General Impact, explains the general impact of synthetic pesticides on the African people, their animals, and environment. II. Human Health, covers the impact of synthetic pesticides on the human body, while III, Children's Health, focuses on the special vulnerability of children to synthetic pesticides. IV. Animal Health describes the synthetic pesticide threats to animal production and sustainability. V. Environmental Health presents the threat of synthetic pesticides to soil microbiota and sustainable remediations. VI. Control Strategies discusses biologically-based alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Finally, VII. Reglatory Control presents some legal initiatives to combat the misuse of synthetic pesticides.

Healthcare is very much dependent on the model of the patient that is assumed by healthcare providers. The current model derives from a chemical/mechanical view of the patient body. Simply put: we are healthy if all of our mechanical parts are working properly and if all of the chemicals in our body are in the right proportions and have the appropriate reactions. This view is based on philosophical accounts of the body that go back to Paracelsus, Descartes, Boyle and others. It became the central basis of medical practice only in the late 19th Century after several hundred years of research and professional politics. The Mechanical Patient traces the intellectual development of the chemical/mechanical model of the patient and its implementation. This book names the problem that we have with the mechanical patient and prepares us to respond to its exaggerated place in our society. It provides a historical and conceptual background and explains how the chemical/mechanical model of health gained such a strong hold over our thinking and took the place of the earlier Galenic humoral model. It sketches a promising outline of a more humanized model for understanding health and calls for help to fully articulate it. In that way, it joins a growing movement to go beyond our current chemical/mechanical orientation.

Better health all around-this is what clinicians and patients, alike, desire. But achieving and maintaining good health can be difficult task, as this requires the adoption of behaviours, habits, and lifestyles that are challenging for a variety of reasons. Perhaps the most vital tool in the delivery of healthcare, despite its low-tech nature, is communication-it plays an important role in informing, motivating, and ultimately achieving optimal health behaviours. This edited volume brings together top-notch scientists and practitioners to explain and illustrate the state-of-the-art in the interfaces of health communication, behaviour change, and treatment adherence. The Oxford Handbook of Health Communication, Behaviour Change, and Treatment Adherence presents a three-factor model that includes information, motivation, and strategy. If individuals are to engage in health-promoting behaviours they must be informed and know what they should do and how to do it. But information is not enough-individuals must want to carry out those behaviours, they must be motivated to do so. Finally, people must have the resources to do those things that they know are good and that they desire to do-barriers must be minimized or removed and effective strategies and support systems put into place. Although these three elements are broadly applicable, their details will necessarily vary; the second major section of the handbook therefore revisits health behaviour change and treatment adherence from the perspective of different points in the lifespan and in the context of comorbidities. Readers will find in this handbook a synthesis of cutting-edge empirical research and demonstrably effective applications, solidly grounded in theory. Clearly written by some of the best scholars and professionals in the field, this volume is accessible, highly informative, and a must-have for understanding the ins-and-outs of health communication, behaviour change, and treatment adherence.

This book is an authoritative and well-structured text which is both topic and curriculum oriented, aimed to appeal to a wider multi-professional audience in line with the current NHS workforce training needs in the UK. It is based on the 'specialist certificate examination' (SCE), awarded for the completion of higher specialist training. Following closely the published blueprint from the Royal College of Physicians, and the curriculum from JRCPTB, it provides an up-to-date bank of revision material. These 300 questions in the 'single best answer' (SBA) format (like the actual assessment), are complete with comprehensive, well-evidenced explanations and explanatory further reading material. Key Features Maps the entire curriculum covered on the geriatric specialization exam Addresses the gap in the market to educate on the core curriculum for the busy professionals and post graduate medical trainees working towards this examination The book is thematically organized to make it an accessible quick reference for also those not planning to take the exam but seeking to broaden and deepen their own knowledge base

This book presents a comprehensive theory of the ethics and political philosophy of public health surveillance based on reciprocal obligations among surveillers, those under surveillance, and others potentially affected by surveillance practices. Public health surveillance aims to identify emerging health trends, population health trends, treatment efficacy, and methods of health promotion--all apparently laudatory goals. Nonetheless, as with anti-terrorism surveillance, public health surveillance raises complex questions about privacy, political liberty, and justice both of and in data use. Individuals and groups can be chilled in their personal lives, stigmatized or threatened, and used for the benefit of others when health information is wrongfully collected or used. Transparency and openness about data use, public involvement in decisions, and just distribution of the benefits of surveillance are core elements in the justification of surveillance practices. Understanding health surveillance practices, the concerns it raises, and how to respond to them is critical not only to ethical and trustworthy but also to publicly acceptable and ultimately sustainable surveillance practices. The book is of interest to scholars and practitioners of the ethics and politics of public health, bioethics, privacy and data technology, and health policy. These issues are ever more pressing in pandemic times, where misinformation can travel quickly and suspicions about disease spread, treatment efficacy, and vaccine safety can have devastating public health effects.

This collection addresses, in a comprehensive and critical fashion, fundamental issues in the history of medicine in modern Germany and considers the nature of modern German government and society in relation to Western social, political, and economic development. The central focus is on the professionalization of modern medicine and the medicalization of modern society. The problem of Nazi Germany is a recurring theme. Other topics include: hospitals in early nineteenth century society, Social Darwinism, state-run health insurance, eugenics, social control, Nazi experimentation, and the postwar medical leadership.

This book establishes a bridge between exercise-mediated functional status of autophagy and non-communicable chronic diseases for elucidating and clarifying the corresponding signal pathways and underlying mechanisms. The book consists of 13 chapters focusing on the in-depth discussion on signal pathways for regulating the functional status of autophagy for the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases, the optimization of exercise intervention strategies for common and frequently-occurring chronic diseases, and the development of exercise mimetic pills for the persons with disability for exercise performance, or the persons without willing to exercise. This book is interesting and will be useful to a wide readership in the various fields of exercise science, exercise fitness, sports medicine, preventive medicine, and functional foods.

Primary care is a rapidly growing academic branch of learning and developing its own body of research is the hallmark of a maturing academic discipline. This practical guide is the first designed specifically to support those planning, conducting and disseminating primary care educational research. While research informs clinical practice, organisation of primary care services and teaching the discipline, educational practices and modes of delivery are rapidly changing, particularly in response to new information technologies. Primary care practitioners must be engaged in life-long learning and keep abreast of developments in many arenas and educational research into how to address this has thus become of paramount importance. Key Features: The first 'how-to' guide to designing, conducting and disseminating primary care educational research Focus on inter-professional education, co-design and participatory research approaches, in line with current primary care models of care involving inter-disciplinary teams Wide in scope, exploring the current research environment in the contexts of undergraduate teaching, postgraduate training, continuing professional development, and patient education, for academics and educationalists at all levels Step-by-step introduction to the processes of literature review (establishing the existing knowledge base), choosing a topic, research questions and methodology, conducting research and disseminating results Supported by the WONCA Working Parties on Research and Education This book will encourage and upskill academics at universities and institutions teaching primary care in both undergraduate and postgraduate settings, providing support and guidance on how to conduct their own research and evaluate their own programmes, and will help to grow academic research in this discipline in high and, importantly, also low- and middle-income countries.

The book examines the social and cultural context of new genetic knowledge associated with breast cancer. It looks at how this knowledge and technologies are used and received in two contrasting social arenas - cancer genetic clinics and a breast cancer research charity.

Since its first edition, Men's Health has established itself as the essential reference for practitioners across the spectrum of medicine - including those working in urology, andrology, cardiology, endocrinology, family practice and mental health. For this fully updated fourth edition the editors have again assembled an international team of expert authors to write on an encyclopedic range of topics, making this an invaluable resource for any health professional interested in maintaining and improving the health of their male patients. Comprehensive coverage of every aspect of men's health and the gender gap. Includes the latest research on cardiovascular risks. Assesses the specific issues concerning men and cancer. Examines the often overlooked aspects of mental health as it affects men. Incorporates new developments in metabolic medicine and men.

Cessation of tobacco use is the need of the hour given that it is the single largest cause of disease and premature death in the world. This book covers epidemiology and risks, user classification, nicotine replacement therapy, pharmacological aids, behavioral modification and patient counseling techniques, along with personalized action plan development. Key Features Covers all aspect of tobacco cessation. Provides guidance on differential diagnosis and includes useful decision-making flowcharts. Provides step-by-step guidance to counsel tobacco users in routine clinical practice. Discusses the process of setting up a cessation centre. Facilitates in-depth understanding of the subject through case studies at the end of each chapter

Ingestion of food is a physiological process among heterotrophic organisms to obtain nutrients for survival. The consumption of soil, clay and chalk by humans is labeled as geophagia. Ancient resources and modern references deliver valuable information concerning geophagia and pica in humans. This book takes a consistent, interdisciplinary approach for reviewing this aberrant behavior, crafting its etiology, charting its health effects and identifying the universal traits among the affected population. It puts forward a brief conceptual framework to achieve universality in its definition, history, epidemiology and multiple hypotheses thus help in adopting measures to control this habit. Key Features: 1. Systematic and meticulous flow of information on geophagia. 2. Guides general practioners, physicians, pediatricians to curb this practice in their patients. 3. A unique and concise treatise covering descriptive and research based work over a crucial health issue of worldwide prevalence.

This book takes an in-depth look at Covid-19-generated societal trends and develops scenarios for possible future directions of urban lifestyles. Drawing on examples from Brazil, China, and Israel, and with a particular focus on cities, this book explores the short and long-term changes in individual consumers and citizen behavior as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. On the basis of extensive market and opinion research data, aggregate data, observational evidence, and news reports, the authors provide a detailed account of the transformations that have occurred as a result of a triple shock of public health emergency, economic shutdown, and social isolation. They also examine which of these behavioral changes are likely to become permanent and consider whether this may ultimately promote or restrain sustainable lifestyle choices. Innovative and timely, this book will be of great interest to students, scholars, and professionals researching and working in the areas of sustainable consumption, urban and land use planning, and public health.

Public health officials and occupational medical professionals who need to design and maintain public health surveillance programs will find the guidelines they need in this book. Public Health Surveillance covers uses of public surveillance programs for vaccine preventable diseases, as well as for viruses such as AIDS/HIV.

In the United States, work is the key to economic success, as well as the major source of health care coverage and retirement security. While Europeans look to the State for these benefits, Americans for the most part do not. This system of employment-based benefits means that those disadvantaged in the labor market are also disadvantaged in terms of health care coverage and retirement security.

The authors of this work examine the overrepresentation of Mexican Americans in low wage or service sector jobs, which rarely come with health insurance or retirement coverage. At all ages, Mexican Americans have lower rates of health insurance and retirement coverage than do other minority groups, such as African Americans or other Hispanic groups. Although employment in jobs that do not provide benefits is one major source of this disparity, other factors-including immigration history, citizenship status, and language proficiency-further block opportunities for upward mobility within the Mexican American population.

In their analysis, the authors work to deemphasize the popular, cultural explanation for the economic disparities and focus on more practical, policy-based solutions. In each chapter, the authors identify and critique the factors that affect the economic security and health care access of individuals throughout the life course, suggesting policies for reform.

This work will be of interest to anyone working in the fields of cultural studies, public health and the sociology of work. With the focus on real world causes for the problems as well as potential solutions, policy-makers will also find this informative book an essential resource.

First published in 1927, this book provides a complete study of the beginnings and early development of preventive medicine. It looks at the subject's underlying principles and discusses the prominent writers of the past. Topics cover infection, plague, science and medicine, poverty and preventive medicine and the prevention of cholera, amongst others.

First published in 1929, this book is a continuation of Arthur Newsholme's Evolution of Preventive Medicine, published in 1927, which was concerned with the possibilities in progress of prevention of disease, up to the middle of the nineteenth century. The current volume focuses on the modern period and looks at the work of Louis Pasteur in particular. It provides a complete overview of the subject of preventive medicine at the time, and should be used as the basis for more detailed study. The book will be useful to those in medical circles, as well as historians interested in medicine.

First published in 1925, this book explores public health and its administration. It looks at both local and central health administration and surveys the various departments including The Board of Education and The Home Office. The book discusses motives, principles, and results of reform in the sector and gives a history of public health services. Other chapters include those on public health as a career, poor law and public health administration, and health insurance.

First published in 1936, this book is a continuation of Sir Arthur Newsholme's Fifty Years in Public Health and covers a wide variety of topics in relation to the subject. It is in part autobiographical as the author recollects and reflects upon his experiences of the system. The book is divided into two main periods, 1908-19, when Newsholme was the head of the Medical Department of the State's Central Health Organisation, and from 1919 to 1936, when he no longer held an official position but had the freedom and time to examine both public health and social activities. Topics explored include the administration of public health, insurance for medical care, child health, The Great War, tropical medicine and American pioneers in public health.

First published in 1935, this book provides a valuable contribution to the history of Public Health and Preventive Medicine. Written as a recollection of the experiences and knowledge of Sir Arthur Newsholme, the book covers a period in which phenomenal progress was made.

First published in 1931, this book is the third of a three volume set which focuses on medical work, and in particular, public administration in relation to the prevention of disease. This volume provides the most in depth account of the countries it surveys: England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.

Including comprehensive coverage of health disparities commonly encountered in pediatric and adult pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine, Achieving Respiratory Health Equality in the United States provides a definitive reference on this prominent issue. Expert authors explore questions such as: * What is the evidence that respiratory health disparities exist? * What do we know about the causes of the disparities? * What are the clinical implications? * What can be done to address the particular disparities and thus achieve health equality? Recognizing the magnitude of this problem, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) Executive Committee created a Health Equality Sub-Committee, with an initial mandate of defining respiratory health disparities and respiratory health equality in the United States. This book will follow the format of a workshop on respiratory health equality held before the 2015 ATS International Meeting and led by editor Juan Carlos Celedon. Written by the workshop presenters, this book focuses closely on major risk factors for health, specific respiratory diseases for which health disparities are known to occur, and potential approaches to eliminate such disparities. Achieving Respiratory Health Equality in the United States is a timely resource for researchers, clinicians, and public health practitioners in respiratory medicine.

How should we invest precious health resources? At a time when chronic illness is increasing, inequality persists and climate change is starting to impact our health, how can health promotion improve health outcomes across the whole population? Health Promotion in the 21st Century offers a systematic introduction to the principles of health promotion today, and effective planning, implementation and evaluation. The authors review the global, regional and local issues that affect health in Australia, and show how social, economic, political and educational elements in society contribute to population health and wellbeing. Throughout, the authors emphasise that health promotion needs multiple solutions, and that health professionals should seek out strategic opportunities and partnerships. They consider the issues facing vulnerable groups - such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, those with mental health issues, and the aged - and suggest a variety of innovative tools for working with particular populations. They also focus on strategies to ensure programs remain vibrant and sustainable in the longer term. With case studies and activities in each chapter, Health Promotion in the 21st Century is an essential resource for anyone seeking to build a career in health promotion.