Doppler ultrasound is a hot topic at the present time. This is because studies of the uteroplacental and fetal circulation give fundamental information as to the physiology or pathology of placental function and the response of the fetal circulation to hypoxaemia. Dr. Arabin's clinical studies which are described in this book are an important contribution to knowledge in this field and will be of enormous interest not only to researches but also to clini cians interested in learning how this latest technology can be integrated into their clinical practice. London STUART CAMPBELL Foreword Although only three decades old, the field of perinatal medicine is marked by continuous new advances. Ultrasound diagnostic techniques comprise an important element of this new field. Dr. Arabin has taken the initiative to investigate the functional-diagnostic aspects of ultrasound. Among other things, she has further developed and refined the concept of "oxygen-con serving adaptation of fetal circulation" which originated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Neukolln Hospital Center in 1966. She thus has been able to show that the most reliable Doppler blood flow meas urement predictors of a high risk to the fetus are (1) a decrease in the flow volume of the descending thoracic aorta and the umbilical artery and (2) an increase in the flow volume of the common carotid arteries."

During the past 20 years, endometrial carcinoma has continued to increase in frequency and it is quite possible that this carcinoma will become the major gynecologic malignancy in the future. For many years, endometrial carcinoma was considered less malignant than other gynecologic malignancies, simple hysterectomy and bil ateral salpingo-oophorectomy or surgery combined with radiation being effective in certain circumstances. It is unfortunate to note that the global 5-year survival rate for patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma has improved only slightly. Therefore any complacency regarding this 'benign malignancy' should be reconsidered. There is a growing awareness of the nature of end ometrial carcinoma, with advances in our knowledge ranging from its etiology through its epidemiology to its clinical findings. This volume has been designed to fill a hiatus in the literature in China. To achieve this aim, we have attempted to review the world-wide advances on endometrial carcinoma and summarize systematically and comprehensively this common gynecologic malig nancy, including the clinical experiences gathered at the Cancer Institute (Hospital) of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences since 1958 as well as a brief description of the psychological problems in patients with gyneco logic cancers."

The first resource of its kind, this authoritative handbook holistically addresses the multidimensional aspects of perinatal and neonatal palliative care. Written by an interprofessional team of renowned specialists, it is both a text and evidence-based reference for all members of the palliative care team. The book helps individual team members forge interdisciplinary approaches to care, assess current programs, improve the quality of care, and tailor new models of care.Encompassing the perspectives of neonatologists, maternal-fetal medicine and other physicians, neonatal and perinatal nurse practitioners, midwives, nurses in all sectors of perinatal care, and child life specialists, chaplains, social workers, genetic counselors, lactation consultants, and others, the book underscores the unique aspects of perinatal and neonatal palliative care, with a focus on improving quality of life, as well as comfort at the end of life. It describes healthcare for neonates and pregnant mothers, care and support of the family, planning and decision making, and effective support for grief and bereavement. It addresses all palliative and neonatal palliative care settings, including home care, and covers elements of comfort care, such as pain medication and oxygen. Other chapters focus on the prenatal period after diagnosis of the expected baby's life-threatening condition. These include such topics as care of the mother, delivering devastating news, and advance care planning. Each chapter contains photos, figures, and/or tables and case studies with clinical implications and critical thinking-focused questions. Some chapters also include supportive online materials, such as video clips of interactions between healthcare professionals and the family, demonstrating family support and clinician skills. Also included is an extensive listing of relevant palliative care organizations. Paintings and poetry provide an artistic backdrop to the authors' inspiring words. Key Features: Comprehensive and authoritative knowledge from recognized leaders in the field Addresses a growing need for specific provider resources in neonatal palliative care Covers the clinical and emotional aspects of palliative care for babies and their families Abundant resources for effective and compassionate family-centered care Case studies with critical thinking questions Accompanying video clips of healthcare and family interactions

Ein Screening auf angeborene endokrine und metabole Stoerungen ermoeglicht die Fruherkennung von Krankheiten wie Hypothyreose, AGS (adrenogenitales Syndrom), Phenylketonurie, Galaktosamie, Biotinidasemangel, Cystische Fibrose oder Homocystinurie. Je nach Land und politischen Bestimmungen unterscheiden sich jedoch die routinemassig durchgefuhrten Untersuchungen. Dieses Handbuch beschreibt praxisbezogen die biochemischen Grundlagen, die Grundsatze der Labor- und Bestatigungsdiagnostik sowie Therapiemoeglichkeiten zu insgesamt zwoelf Krankheiten. Daruber hinaus werden praanalytische Fragen, wie Zeitpunkt und Art der Blutentnahme oder moegliche Stoerfaktoren, umfassend behandelt. Der allgemeine Teil geht auf ethische und psychosoziale Aspekte des Screenings ein. Ein Verzeichnis der Screeningzentren und jener Labors, die fur die Bestatigungsdiagnostik Dienste anbieten, sowie ein Adressenverzeichnis von Elterngruppen und Informationsquellen im Internet komplettieren dieses Buch.

This book records the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on cancer topics organised in collaboration with the Association for International Cancer Research, a cancer charity based in the United Kingdom. The Symposium was held at the Klinikum Steglitz, Free University of West Berlin, Germany, between 1 and 3 October 1987. The Organising and Scientific Committees are deeply grateful to the President of the Free University, Professor Heckelmann, for allowing us to meet in the Klinikum Steglitz and for the University's generous financial support. It was a special pleasure to have a positive and generous input from the West Berlin Senate. Their support was crucial in making the Symposium a scientific success. The Symposium received financial support from a number of sponsors, and we are indeed happy to acknowledge our gratitude to them: Behringwerke AG, Bert- hold AG, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, the British Council, Deutsche Abbott GmbH, Deutsche Bank AG, Du Pont De Nemours GmbH, Knoll AG, Krewel- werke GmbH, Nunc GmbH, Schering AG, Schwarz GmbH and Varian GmbH. The Symposium was the most ambitious so far mounted by the Association for International Cancer Research. The organisation and planning were carried through by an Organising Committee including Professor J. Hammerstein, Profes- sor K. D. Asmus, Barbara Steiger and Renate Nigam. The Scientific Committee included Dr. D. C. H. McBrien, Professor T. Dormandy, Professor K. R. Rees, Pro- fessor M. U. Dianzani and Professor H. Esterbauer. We thank these colleagues very much for their dedication, hard work and expert input.

The decision to write this book was taken by a group of practising speech therapists who worked with bilingually language handi capped children in the UK. They formed a professional interest group called the Specific Interest Group in Bilingualism because of the need felt by speech therapists to have some forum for discuss ing the challenges posed by the assessment and treatment of the bilingually language handicapped. In these regular discussion groups it became clear that similar experiences were encountered by all speech therapists working with these client populations up and down the country. They centred on managing the linguistic diversity, the need for develop mental language information, the need for appropriate assessment protocols, the recruitment of bilingual staff and appreciating the positive perspective of working in this field. In the UK the range of languages is extensive. Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Turkish, Polish, Ukranian, Hong Kong Chinese, Vietnamese Chinese, Creole, Black English, Bengali, Gujerati and Panjabi cover the main ethnolinguistic groups. In the 1987 ILEA language census over 140 languages were recorded as being spoken in London."

The Project on Reproductive Laws for the 1990s began in 1985 with the realization that reports of scientific developments and new technologies were stimulating debates and discussions among bioethicists and policymakers, and that women had little part in those discussions either as participants or as a group with interests to be considered. With the help of a planning grant from the Rutgers University Institute for Research on Women, the Women's Rights Litigation Clinic at Rutgers University Law School-Newark held a planning meeting that June attended by approximately 20 theorists and activists in the area of reproductive rights. Project purposes, methods, and general shape took form at the meeting. Two goals have characterized the Project's work since then: first, to generate discussion, debate, and, where possible, consensus among those committed to reproductive autonomy and gender equality as to how best to respond to the questions raised by re ported advances in reproductive and neonatal technology and new modes of reproduction; and second, to ensure that those shaping reproductive law and policy appreciate the ramifications of these developments for gender equality. In meeting this twofold agenda, the Project focused on six areas: time limits on abortion; prenatal screening; fetus as patient; reproductive hazards in the workplace; interference with reproductive choice; and alternative modes of reproduction. The Project identified individuals to take respon sibility for drafting model legislation and position papers in the six areas (for the drafters, see the Appendix)."

This book provides those studying for the MRCOG Part 2 examination with welcome practice in answering Extended Matching Questions (EMQs). Updated throughout to map onto the MRCOG syllabus from September 2016, the book is designed to test the candidate's theoretical and practical knowledge of obstetrics and gynaecology. An introductory section on exam techniques is followed by a collection of 41 EMQ themes, split into obsterics and gynaecology. The questions are based on common clinical scenarios and cover a variety of topics. Answers are included after each topic, and these include explanatory material and useful references.

Technical advances in the field of mammography and better interpretation of the photographs have led recently to a more precise and reliable means of diagnosis, especially for findings which are difficult to analyse. With the help of numerous pathological and control cases the authors explain both the step-by-step procedure in diagnosis and the advantages of mammography as the choice of examination in particular patients. This book guides the reader to an exact interpretation of mammograms. The book is directed at radiologists, gynaecologists and general practitioners. Interdisciplinary collaboration and diagnosis in the preclinical stage are especially important for furthering the prevention of breast cancer.

This work looks specifically at research relevant to the care provided by midwives for childbearing women and their families.;The studies encompass many areas of midwifery practice, education and management and topics covered include antenatal care, supportive care in labour, reasons for not breast feeding, the role and responsibilities of the midwife and women's experiences of childbirth.;These studies illustrate the diversity of research methods appropriate to the study of midwifery, ranging from randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of clinical procedures, to detailed observational studies to describe interactions between midwives and women in their care.

Ihaltsverzeichnis.- I Allgemeiner Teil.- 1 Psychische Unterstutzung und Selbsthilfegruppen.- 1.1 Psychischer Unterstutzungsbedarf.- 1.1.1 Angst.- 1.1.2 Depressionen.- 1.1.3 Psychosoziale Betreuung.- 1.1.4 Sexualberatung.- 1.1.5 Beeinflussung des Tumorleidens durch Psychotherapie.- 1.1.6 Fatigue.- 1.1.7 Aufklarung.- 1.1.8 Aufgaben der Rehabilitationsklinik und des Rehateams.- 1.1.9 Aufgaben der Seelsorge.- 1.1.10 Angehoerige und Angehoerigenbetreuung.- 1.1.11 Vorsorgevollmacht - Patientenverfugung.- 1.1.12 Gesundheitstraining.- 1.1.13 Assessment, Verlaufsbeurteilung und Evaluation.- 1.2 Selbsthilfegruppen.- Literatur.- Internet.- 2 Soziale Hilfen.- 2.1 Hilfen von Beratungs- und Betreuungsinstitutionen.- 2.2 Hilfen und Beratungsangebote durch die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen.- 2.3 Anspruch auf Leistungen der Pflegeversicherungen.- 2.4 Beratungsstellen fur Krebsbetroffene.- 2.5 Nachteilsausgleiche, Vergunstigungen fur Schwerbehinderte.- 2.6 Eigenleistungen des Patienten, Zuzahlungen.- 2.7 Hartefallbestimmungen, Sonderfallregelungen, unzumutbare finanzielle Belastungen bzw. Wegfall von Zuzahlungen.- 2.8 Lebensversicherung.- 2.9 Voraussetzungen zur Durchfuhrung von Rehamassnahmen.- 2.10 Koordination und zeitlicher Ablauf der Rehabilitationsmassnahmen.- 2.11 Stationare Rehabilitationsmassnahmen, Anschlussheilbehandlungen und Kuren.- 2.12 Teilstationare Rehabilitationsmassnahmen/ambulante Rehabilitationsmassnahmen.- 2.13 Zugangswege zur Rehabilitation.- 2.14 Stationare und ambulante Hospiz- und Palliativdienste.- 2.15 Assessment.- 2.16 Qualitatssicherung.- 2.17 Wichtige Adressen.- Literatur.- 3 Berufliche Hilfen.- 3.1 Arbeit und Rehabilitation.- 3.2 Karzinogene Substanzen am Arbeitsplatz.- 3.3 Beurteilung der beruflichen Leistungsfahigkeit - Die sozialmedizinische Begutachtung.- 3.4 Berufliche Reintegrationshilfen.- 3.5 Mindestvoraussetzungen fur eine Rente.- 3.6 Altersteilzeit.- 3.7 Rente auf Zeit.- 3.8 Rentenberatung.- 3.9 Assessment und Evaluation.- 3.10 Wichtige Adressen.- Literatur.- II Spezieller Teil.- 4 Mammakarzinom.- 4.1 Nachsorge.- 4.1.1 Rezidivprophylaxe (adjuvante Hormon-, Chemo-, Strahlen- und Immuntherapien).- 4.1.2 Diagnostische Routinenachsorgeuntersuchungen mit dem Ziel einer Rezidivfruherkennung.- 4.1.3 Aufklarung der Patientin bei Feststellung einer Krankheitsprogression.- 4.1.4 Rezidivtherapien.- 4.2 Rehabilitative Massnahmen.- 4.2.1 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung der koerperlichen Probleme ("Reha vor Invaliditat").- 4.2.2 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung psychischer Probleme ("Reha vor Resignation und Depression").- 4.2.3 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung sozialer Probleme ("Reha vor Pflege").- 4.2.4 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung beruflicher Probleme ("Reha vor Rente").- 4.3 Palliative Massnahmen.- 4.3.1 Lokale/lokoregionare Probleme.- 4.3.2 Systemische palliative Therapien.- 4.4 Massnahmen zur Qualitatssicherung (Strukturqualitat, Prozessqualitat und Evaluation) palliativer unq rehabilitativer Massnahmen.- 4.4.1 Strukturqualitat.- 4.4.2 Prozessqualitat.- 4.4.3 Evaluation palliativer und rehabilitativer Massnahmen.- 4.5 Wichtige Adressen.- 4.5.1 Brustkrebsinitiativen - Hilfsorganisationen fur Brustkrebs.- 4.5.2 Adressen von Selbsthilfegruppen.- 4.5.3 Verschiedene hilfreiche Adressen.- 4.5.4 Internetadressen.- Literatur.- 5 Ovarialkarzinom.- 5.1 Nachsorge.- 5.1.1 Rezidivprophylaxe (adjuvante Radio-, Chemo- und Immuntherapien).- 5.1.2 Nachsorgeuntersuchungen.- 5.1.3 Aufklarung der Patientin bei Feststellung einer Krankheitsprogression.- 5.1.4 Rezidivtherapien.- 5.2 Rehabilitative Massnahmen im Rahmen der Nachbetreuung.- 5.2.1 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung der koerperlichen Probleme ("Reha vor Invaliditat").- 5.2.2 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung der psychischen Probleme ("Reha vor Resignation und Depression").- 5.2.3 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung sozialer Probleme ("Reha vor Pflege").- 5.2.4 Reha

This book is a comprehensive guide to addressing, working with, and healing from emotional struggles related to fertility and eating disorders. Covering the emotional, psychological and physical impact of anorexia nervosa, bulimia and binge eating disorder, this book explores the lived experience of numerous women and men who have lived with eating disorders, fertility, and parenthood. It delves into research on medical complications that can affect fertility, attachment, the experience of shame, adjustment to the postpartum period, and offers clinical tools for therapists to use to support clients from a weight and body neutral perspective. Those who read this book will come away with a renewed sense of hope for recovery and healing from serious mental illnesses, and the notion that the value of having a family may be stronger than the eating disorder itself. The only book of its kind, The Clinical Guide to Fertility, Motherhood and Eating Disorders will be useful to practitioners, therapists, and scholars alike.

1 2 Peter Reeve and Lavelle Hanna lSmith Kline & French Laboratories, Research and Development, 709 Swedeland Road, Swedeland, PA 19479, USA 2Department of Microbiology, S-412, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Trachoma, an infectious keratoconjunctivitis due to chlamydial infection, was one of the earliest recognized clinical entities. References to it have been noted in Egyp- tian papyri and in Greco-Roman medical treatises. Since those times it has remained a most important eye infection, and indeed trachoma is still a major cause of blindness in rural communities, affecting probably 6 million people (Dawson). The causal agent of trachoma was identified by Halberstaeter and von Provazek in a much-quoted but little-read paper published over 75 years ago. It was after the isolation and demonstration of the growth of the causal agent of trachoma, Chlamy- dia trachomatis, by Tang and his colleagues in China in the late 1950s that there was an enormous increase in our knowledge of these agents. The real explosion of knowledge and interest in Chlamydia, however, has been in the last decade. With the growing awareness of the extraordinary commonness of chlamydial infections, not only in developing countries but also in the highly developed countries, has come a considerable interest from all areas concerned with medical science, from clinicians to molecular biologists.

"Conclusions are usually considered guesses" Henry S. Haskins, American writer in Meditations in Wall Street Students' minds, whether undergraduate or postgraduate, soon become stale when faced with lectures or even not so large textbooks. Supplementing lecture notes and textbooks with multiple-choice questions, therefore, attunes the mind to this style of examination which the student will certainly meet and yet also relieves the tedium and monotony of the conventional learning route. This multiple-choice textbook, therefore, should be used side by side with lecture notes, textbooks and clinical teaching material. The book covers a wide field of genitourinary medicine. This necessarily overlaps with general medicine, urology, bacteriology, virology, psychiatry, sexual medicine, im munology and proctology. With regard to immunology, a basic set of teaching questions are included so that HIV disease may be more easily understood without recourse to immunology textbooks. The answers to the questions are not given in a uniform style. This is partly to relieve monotony, and partly because some questions need no explanation, others need a prose answer and yet others are best answered by a point-by-point explanation. We also provide references for those interested. There is some overlap between questions but only enough, we hope, to facilitate learning but not produce somnolence."

This book is a hands-on guide for facilitating treatment of anxiety and depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Readers will learn about why anxiety and related difficulties can increase during pregnancy and the postpartum period, the critical roles that thoughts and behaviors play in maintaining symptoms, and how to apply practical cognitive and behavioral strategies to reduce distress and increase coping skills. Chapters are integrated with the latest research, and clinicians and individuals alike are presented with customizable cognitive behavioral therapy-based handouts, exercises, and worksheets proven to meet the unique needs of the perinatal population.

While radiology only reveals one aspect of the entire ana tomical picture, a certain diagnostic precision can be at tained by skillfully combining different techniques. The re sulting images often uncover the hidden reality. This near perfection is most clearly seen - and is also most essential - in the study of the breast. One must remember that in the western world, one woman in fifteen develops breast can cer. It follows that the key to effective treatment is early and precise diagnosis. An understanding of the various breast tissues and of benign pathology is also indispensable in determining local risk. How to achieve this goal of early and precise diagnosis is the problem addressed in this well-documented text demonstrating the considerable experience of Dr. CLAUDE ANNONIER. A fresh look at the technical aspects and a com plete clinical analysis together show the successes and limi tations of modern methods and the need to combine different techniques in most cases. Evaluation of the various methods provides justification, if still needed, for the author's con tention that mammography alone is insufficient. Progress in the field is making it possible to detect smaller and smaller lesions, whose malignancy cannot be determined without needle or surgical biopsy. More generally, the author un derlines the necessity for complete cooperation between diagnostician and therapist. Follow-up for the "treated" breast is largely in the hands of the radiologist, who must, however, work together with other specialists."

Real-time ultrasonography has entered office practice in obstetrics and gynecology. With increasing numbers of sonography systems entering the ambulatory office setting, obstetric sonography at a routine level (level I) has largely been the targeted area. Recent developments in gynecologic real-time sonography have, however, significantly enlarged the sphere of applicability of sonographic equipment in an office setting. The very rapid growth of follicular sonography in infertility assessment and management has made real-time sonography of increasing importance to the gynecologic practitioner. In office settings like the authors', gynecologic office sonography represents close to 50% of all ordered sonography. This handbook of office sonography in obstetrics and gynecology was conceived to reflect these changes in practice patterns. This volume is not meant to replace standard sonography texts for the full-time sonographer but is instead directed toward the practicing obstetrician/gynecologist who uses real-time sonography in the office setting within the framework of daily practice. Technical comments were therefore restricted to a minimum, with practical advice and photographic examples taking their place. Most of the sonographic real-time images were retrieved from the authors' own files. However, some were obtained through the generosity of friends and colleagues, for which we would like to extend acknowledgment and appreciation. Similar appreciation is extended to Dr. Haim Elrad and Dr. Jari Friberg, who also participated in the editorial process; to Sheila Martin, who performed superbly as our editorial assistant, a most difficult responsibility; and to Hilary Evans, our editor at Plenum Publishing Corporation.

Of 646 cases involving first trimester chromosome analysis of chorionic villi sam- ples obtained by trans cervical aspiration, we found 34 abnormal unbalanced karyo- types. In six of these, fetal fibroblast cultures obtained after termination of the preg- nancy failed to confirm the abnormality. Three cases were mosaics identified from direct preparations: 46,XY/45,X; 46,XX/47,XX,+3; and 46,XY/47,XY,+18. In two cases of trisomy 16 (46,XY/47,XY,+16; 46,XX/47,XX,+16) and one oftriso- my18 (46,XX/47,XX,+18), no mosaicism was detected. In the other 28 cases with unbalanced abnormal karyotypes, there was karyotypic correspondence between villous cells at diagnosis and fetal fibroblasts. References 1. Benn P, Hsu L YF, Perlis T, Schonhaut A (1984): Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome mosaicism. Prenat Diagn 4: 1-9 2. Binkert F, Schmid W (1977) Pre-implantation embryos of Chinese hamster. I. Incidence ofkaryo- type anomalies in 226 control embryos. Mutat Res 46: 63-76 3. Boue J, Nicolas H, Barichard F, Boue A (1979) Le clonage des cellules du liquide amniotique, aide dans l'interpretation des mosaiques chromosomiques en diagnostic prenatal. Ann Genet 22:3-9 4. Hahnemann N (1973) Chromosome studies in induced abortions. Clin Genet 4: 328-332 5. Kalousek DK, Dill FJ (1983) Chromosomal mosaicism confined to the placenta in human con- ceptions. Science 221 : 665-667 6. Loft A, Tabor A (1984) Discordance between prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis and outcome of pregnancy. Prenat Diagn 4: 51-59 7. Markert CL, Petters RM (1978) Manufactured hexaparental mice show that adults are derived from three embryonic cells.

In 1920, Hirose demonstrated the luteinising effect of placental tissue and one year later, Evans and Long described luteinised ovaries in rats treated with hypophysial extracts. In 1926, Zondek and Aschheim as well as Smith, independently of each other, showed that a gonad-stimulating hormone was secreted by the adenohypophysis. In 1927, Aschheim and Zondek found their "Prolan" in human pregnancy urine and the first reliable pregnancy test was available. In the following years it could be demonstrated that the gonadotropic hormones from pituitary and from pregnancy urin were not of identical structure. During the years 1931 - 1933 Fevold and coworkers prepared follicle stimulating hormone from sheep pituitaries which were free of other hormone activities. Already in 1934, Collip found "antihormones" in animals treated with proteinhormones from animals of another species. It could be shown that they were antibodies against these hormones and this was the future basis for the immunological era starting in 1960. The quantitative determination of gonadotropins has been performed over several decades by difficult bioassays and since 1960 immunological and later radioimmunological assays became available. Since that time a new field was opened for the studies of gonadotropins. During this time, highly purified preparations of gonadotropins were available for research and clinical treatment. I recall the first successful attempt of inducing follicle growth and ovulation by Gemzell and coworkers 1958 as well as by Lunenfeld and Bettendorf at about the same time.

Der innersekretorische EinfluB auf Stimmung, Befindlichkeit und Leistungsfahigkeit des Menschen ist ein faszinierendes Aufga- benfeld der forschenden und praktizierenden Medizin; er ist auch fOr die betroffenen Menschen von groBtem Interesse und groBer Bedeutung. Mit den damit zusammenhangenden Fragen befassen sich besonders die Arbeitsmedizin und in den letzten Jahren zuneh- mend auch die Sportmedizin. Dieses Engagement ergibt sich einmal aus der Bedeutung der Leistungsfahigkeit fOr diese Berei- che, zum anderen methodisch aus der Moglichkeit, innersekreto- rischen Parametern exakte Werte der Arbeit und des Leistens gegen 0 berzustellen. Gerade beim weltweiten Phanomen stark ansteigender Zahlen im Frauensport und der gleichzeitigen rasanten Entwicklung der Spitzenleistungen treten verstarkt Probleme innersekretorischer Regulationen aus frauenheilkundlicher Sicht in Erscheinung. Vielerorts wird von Arzten, Trainern und Sportlern mit Hormon- wirkungen argumentiert, ohne daB solchen Aussagen immer auch gesicherte Fakten zugrundeliegen. Der Deutsche Leichtathletikverband, darOber hinaus aber der Sport schlechthin haben allen AnlaB, der Universitatsfrauenklinik in TObingen fOr ihr Engagement auf diesem Sektor zu danken. Die im Rahmen dieses Symposiums ausgetauschten Kenntnisse, Erfahrungen und Anregungen werden dazu beitragen, die in Frage stehenden Zusammenhange aufzuklaren. Das aber wirQ nicht nur fOr den Sport von Nutzen sein, sondern Vorteile fOr Diagnostik und Therapie in Klinik-, Fach- und Aligemeinpraxis bringen konnen.

In 1980 the Directorate-General of Labor, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, the Netherlands, requested the Coronel Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, to carry out "a critical study of literature on health risks to women from industrial and occupational exposure to chemical agents which are different from risks to male workers, or which have only been observed in female workers. " The principal investigator was Mrs. A. Stijkel, medical biologist; a part of the study was carried out by R. L. Zielhuis, physician. M. M. Verberk, physician, and Mrs. M. v. d. Poel-Bot, librarian, provided continuous assistance. The final report (in Dutch) covering the literature up to and including 1981, was submitted to the government in October 1982. A somewhat abridged and modified English text, updated to include 1982, was prepared. The Editorial Board and the publisher of the International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health kindly made possible the publishing of this text in a special issue of the journal. The authors express their thanks to the Directorate-General of Labor, the Editorial Board and the publisher for making this publication possible. We sincerely hope that this report will be of assistance in making the industrial and occupational environment safer. Prof. Dr. R. L. Zie1huis Table of Contents Introduction 1 1 1. 1 Objective 1 Theoretical Possibilities for Extra Health Risks in Female 1. 2 Workers. 2 1. 2. 1 Differences Between Women and Men Apart from Reproduction .