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Books > Earth & environment > Earth sciences > Geology & the lithosphere > General
This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of
rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used
in metal production. It covers metals essential for critical modern
technologies including electronics, electric motors, generators,
energy storage systems, and specialty alloys. Rare metals are the
main building blocks of many emerging critical technologies and
have been receiving significant attention in recent years. Much
research in academia and industry is devoted to finding novel
techniques to extract critical and rare metals from primary and
secondary sources. The technologies that rely on critical metals
are dominating the world, and finding a way to extract and supply
them effectively is highly desirable and beneficial. Rapid
development of these technologies entails fast advancement of the
resource and processing industry for their building materials.
Authors from academia and industry exchange knowledge on
developing, operating, and advancing extractive and processing
technologies. Contributions cover rare-earth elements (magnets,
catalysts, phosphors, and others), energy storage materials
(lithium, cobalt, vanadium, graphite), alloy elements (scandium,
niobium, titanium), and materials for electronics (gallium,
germanium, indium, gold, silver). The contributions also cover
various processing techniques in mineral beneficiation,
hydrometallurgy, separation and purification, pyrometallurgy,
electrometallurgy, supercritical fluid extraction, and recycling
(batteries, magnets, electrical and electronic equipment).
Active geophysical monitoring is an important new method for
studying time-evolving structures and states in the tectonically
active Earth's lithosphere. It is based on repeated time-lapse
observations and interpretation of rock-induced changes in
geophysical fields periodically excited by controlled sources. In
this book, the results of strategic systematic development and the
application of new technologies for active geophysical monitoring
are presented. The authors demonstrate that active monitoring may
drastically change solid Earth geophysics, through the acquisition
of substantially new information, based on high accuracy and
real-time observations. Active monitoring also provides new means
for disaster mitigation, in conjunction with substantial
international and interdisciplinary cooperation.
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The Genesis Column
(Hardcover)
W. Joseph Stallings; Foreword by William P. Payne; Preface by Edward N. Martin
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R1,062
R896
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The scientific disciplines of hydrology and hydrogeology are
expanding as the Earth's water is being recognized by governments
and individuals as a shrinking resource-no entity can afford to
take water for granted. At the present time, there is no single
reference source for definitions. The Encyclopedic Dictionary of
Hydrogeology is a practical, comprehensive reference guide with
complete definitions of terms in hydrogeology and other fields
closely related to water practices. This concise reference not only
defines terms and concepts, but also provides a clear explanation
of key elements so that an in-depth understanding of processes may
be obtained.
* With more than 2,000 entries, from "absolute permeability" to the
"Z-R relationship," this dictionary features the most up-to-date
vocabulary in hydrology and hydrogeology. This dictionary would be
of use to practicing scientists and professionals in all the fields
of water science.
* More than 340 graphs, tables and diagrams complement the entries
in order to clarify terms, methods, or processes
* Essential reference for students, academics, consultants, and
practitioners in hydrology, hydrogeology, environmental
engineering, environmental law, and the government
Our realisation of how profoundly glaciers and ice sheets respond
to climate change and impact sea level and the environment has
propelled their study to the forefront of Earth system science.
Aspects of this multidisciplinary endeavour now constitute major
areas of research. This book is named after the international
summer school held annually in the beautiful alpine village of
Karthaus, Northern Italy, and consists of twenty chapters based on
lectures from the school. They cover theory, methods, and
observations, and introduce readers to essential glaciological
topics such as ice-flow dynamics, polar meteorology, mass balance,
ice-core analysis, paleoclimatology, remote sensing and geophysical
methods, glacial isostatic adjustment, modern and past glacial
fluctuations, and ice sheet reconstruction. The chapters were
written by thirty-four contributing authors who are leading
international authorities in their fields. The book can be used as
a graduate-level textbook for a university course, and as a
valuable reference guide for practising glaciologists and climate
scientists.
This book offers essential, systematic information on the
assessment of the spatial association between two processes from a
statistical standpoint. Divided into eight chapters, the book
begins with preliminary concepts, mainly concerning spatial
statistics. The following seven chapters focus on the methodologies
needed to assess the correlation between two or more processes;
from theory introduced 35 years ago, to techniques that have only
recently been published. Furthermore, each chapter contains a
section on R computations to explore how the methodology works with
real data. References and a list of exercises are included at the
end of each chapter. The assessment of the correlation between two
spatial processes has been tackled from several different
perspectives in a variety of applications fields. In particular,
the problem of testing for the existence of spatial association
between two georeferenced variables is relevant for posterior
modeling and inference. One evident application in this context is
the quantification of the spatial correlation between two images
(processes defined on a rectangular grid in a two-dimensional
space). From a statistical perspective, this problem can be handled
via hypothesis testing, or by using extensions of the correlation
coefficient. In an image-processing framework, these extensions can
also be used to define similarity indices between images.
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