Dimensional analysis is an essential scientific method and a powerful tool for solving problems in physics and engineering. This book starts by introducing the Pi Theorem, which is the theoretical foundation of dimensional analysis. It also provides ample and detailed examples of how dimensional analysis is applied to solving problems in various branches of mechanics. The book covers the extensive findings on explosion mechanics and impact dynamics contributed by the author's research group over the past forty years at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The book is intended for research scientists and engineers working in the fields of physics and engineering, as well as graduate students and advanced undergraduates of the related fields. Qing-Ming Tan is a former Professor at the Institute of Mechanics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

A vast amount has been written on climate change and what should be our response. Rise and Fall of the Carbon Civilisation suggests that most of this literature takes a far too optimistic position regarding the potential for conventional mitigation solutions to achieve the deep cuts in greenhouse gases necessary in the limited time frame we have available. In addition, global environmental problems, as exemplified by climate change, and global resource problems - such as fossil fuel depletion or fresh water scarcity - have largely been seen as separate issues. Further, proposals for solution of these problems often focus at the national level, when the problems are global. The authors argue that the various challenges the planet faces are both serious and interconnected. Rise and Fall of the Carbon Civilisation takes a global perspective in its treatment of various solutions: * renewable energy; * nuclear energy; * energy efficiency; * carbon sequestration; and * geo-engineering. It also addresses the possibility that realistic solutions cannot be achieved until the fundamentally ethical question of global equity - both across nations today and also inter-generational - is fully addressed. Such an approach will also involve reorienting the global economy away from an emphasis on growth and toward the direct satisfaction of basic human needs for all the Earth's people. Rise and Fall of the Carbon Civilisation is aimed at the many members of the public with an awareness of climate change, but who wish to find out more about how we need to respond to the challenge. It will also be of interest to technical professionals, as well as postgraduate students and researchers, from the environmental and engineering science sectors.

First published in 1953, this book by meteorologist D. J. Holland gives a general outline of meteorological theory as well as a clear explanation of coded weather reports from the Meteorological Office. The text is accompanied by clear meteorological charts with explanations of the weather fronts discussed, and will be of value, as Holland says in the preface, to 'all who are interested in their own daily weather'.

Offering a cross-country examination and comparison of drought awareness and experience, this book shows how scientists, water managers, and policy makers approach drought and water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Spain, Mexico, Australia, South Africa and the United States.

Global Change studies are increasingly being considered a vital source of information to understand the Earth Environment, in particular in the framework of human-induced climate change and land use transformation. Satellite Earth Observing systems provide a unique tool to monitor those changes. While the range of applications and innovative techniques is constantly increasing, this book provides a summary of key case studies where satellite data offer critical information to understand the causes and effects of those environmental changes, minimizing their negative impacts. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of remote sensing, geographical information, meteorology and environmental sciences. Also scientists and graduate up to post-graduate level students in environmental science will find valuable information in this book.

The book is a thorough presentation of theoretical and applied aspects of the evaporation and evapotranspiration process supported by data from experimental studies. It is written in a way that the theoretical background of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation is presented in a simplified manner, comprehensive to most technical readers. The book deals with details of meteorological parameters and monitoring sensors which are needed for estimating evaporation and evapotranspiration. Errors in meteorological parameter measurements are also presented. Estimation errors, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of a wide range of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation methods are presented along with samples of application to a certain region. Application of newer simpler methods is presented. A new technology, remote sensing application to evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation, is presented. The latest interest in the subject, climate change and evapotranspiration is presented in the last chapter. This book will be beneficial to students, hydrologists, engineers, meteorologists, water managers and others.

Unique combination and integrated assessment of three major fields in physical oceanography Providing both in depth scientific views and a historical overview Very prominent and reknown authors brought together

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The volume for 1857 includes serials on privateering in the West Indies, a voyage to St Lucia, and on Cambodia. It also describes regions including Zanzibar, the Baltic, Arabia, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific and Australasia, and contains military reports about the Crimea and Canton. There are reviews of books by Dr Kane on the Franklin searches and by Livingstone on his missionary travels. Several articles describe the progress of the Atlantic Electric Cable project, and the prospect of telegraphic communication with India is also discussed. The volume also contains a translation of the French merchant shipping code.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1858 volume carries an obituary for Sir Francis Beaufort, the influential hydrographer who was the editor's commander and mentor. The newly laid transatlantic cable features prominently: September's issue reports, 'We are now receiving from Newfoundland accurately, with perfect signals, at the rate of one hundred words per hour', and mentions the Queen and the US President exchanging telegrams, but the October issue announces that the cable has failed. Other topics covered include the Western capture of Canton and treaty with China, the lighthouses of Lake Superior, an improved anemometer design, the Russian navy, naval recruitment and Queen Victoria's visit to Cherbourg.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1861 volume has a strong East Asian focus, and includes a description of the tragic destruction of Beijing's Summer Palace. Scientific articles cover the previous year's solar eclipse, an earthquake and tsunami, and recent advances in geology (ranging from the work of Sedgwick and Lyell, who also feature in the Cambridge Library Collection, to Murchison's research that enabled him to recognise gold-bearing rocks from Australia). An essay on the French navy (translated from the French) aims to shed light on a possible threat, and a list of naval promotions includes the magazine editor's appointment as Rear-Admiral of the Blue.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1862 volume focuses on the Asia-Pacific region, with articles on Micronesia and on voyages from Singapore to Saigon and Melbourne. It also features telegraph projects in the Crimea and the Bering Strait, a proposed cable from Ireland to Newfoundland and a planned trans-Canadian transport link which would use inland waterways for most of the way. The volume reports on the Slave Trade Treaty between Britain and the United States, and the new Merchant Shipping Act. Particularly unusual is a description of a balloon ascent to a height of five miles by a staff member of the Royal Observatory.

This book introduces stochastic dynamical systems theory in order to synthesize our current knowledge of climate variability. Nonlinear processes, such as advection, radiation and turbulent mixing, play a central role in climate variability. These processes can give rise to transition phenomena, associated with tipping or bifurcation points, once external conditions are changed. The theory of dynamical systems provides a systematic way to study these transition phenomena. Its stochastic extension also forms the basis of modern (nonlinear) data analysis techniques, predictability studies and data assimilation methods. Early chapters apply the stochastic dynamical systems framework to a hierarchy of climate models to synthesize current knowledge of climate variability. Later chapters analyse phenomena such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, El Nino/Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, Dansgaard-Oeschger events, Pleistocene ice ages and climate predictability. This book will prove invaluable for graduate students and researchers in climate dynamics, physical oceanography, meteorology and paleoclimatology.

The chemical, physical and physicochemical processes that are at work in the depths of the Earth, both connected and unconnected with man's activities and coupled to the relevant properties and characteristics of the rocks, began to be intensively studied in the early decades of the present century. Until then little evidence had been available concerning the physical and physicochemical properties of rocks, and the data that existed were one-sided and uncoordinated. Both in this country and elsewhere an interest in investigating natural processes, the processes taking place in rocks, and the properties and characteristics of rocks arose as a result of the intensive development of oil and gas engineering, the mining of coal and ore, the construction of large projects, railroads, etc. Information on the properties of rocks was needed, in particular, to facilitate progress in engineering, technology, and geological and geophysical methods of prospecting for extracting and processing mineral deposits. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, methods involving intrinsic and induced pola rization were introduced. Moreover, little information was available concerning the petrophysical and petrochemical quantities characterizing the different contribution of various rocks to electrical processes. Electrical methods were followed by other methods of applied physics based on the novel electrical, thermal, magnetic, nuclear, elastic and other properties of rocks.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1834 volume devotes much space to naval news, including lists of ships and their captains, courts martial, promotions and appointments, births, marriages and deaths. It discusses the use of electricity for lighthouses and of steam engines in mines and ships, reports the launch of a new steam frigate, lists recent shipwrecks, and contains the timetables for the Falmouth packet boats to the Mediterranean, North and South America, and the Caribbean. Other contributions include a list of Arctic expeditions from England, a lurid account of a Maori haka and alleged cannibalism, and proposed designs for lightning conductors aboard ship.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The year 1837 marked a relaunch of the publication: 'Naval Chronicle' was added to the title of the 'new series'. The layout became more economical, with narrower margins and fewer illustrations, and a new subheading of 'law proceedings' gave a new emphasis to this category of material. The content includes news of naval personnel, descriptions of coastlines and harbours from Wales to Australia, an account of the 1831 voyage of the Beagle (mentioning the geological fieldwork of 'Mr Charles Darwin, a zealous volunteer in the cause of science'), and reports of Havana pirates and of a fatal case of snakebite in Cornwall.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions, and on current affairs. The 1842 volume focuses strongly on China in the context of the First Opium War; the December issue reports the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, which ceded Hong Kong to the British. Books reviewed include John Lee Scott's account (also available in the Cambridge Library Collection) of his shipwreck and imprisonment in China during the war. The volume also includes descriptions of Japan, the Seychelles, Rio de Janeiro and New Zealand, and an article on the improvement of the Thames, together with a detailed essay on the evils of tobacco, and health advice for Europeans in Africa.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1838 volume, the second of the 'new series', reports the official plan for the voyage of the Astrolabe and the Zelee, scheduled to depart that September to 'the Antarctic Pole', and the ongoing third voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, to Australia. Alongside regular items on wrecks, harbours and lighthouses, naval personnel, and law proceedings, the coronation of Queen Victoria is briefly mentioned. Other contributions include an article on Icelandic geysers by John Barrow, instructions for preserving plant specimens, descriptions of Pitcairn Island, poisonous serpents, pirates and mutiny, and an energetic polemic against animal magnetism and homeopathy.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The volume for 1843 includes substantial data sets relating to 'bottle charts', on which oceanic currents were recorded by comparing the time and place bottles were thrown overboard with when and where they were later found. A brief verse found in a bottle after a shipwreck is also printed. Books reviewed include Frederick William Beechey's A Voyage of Discovery towards the North Pole (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection), and the correspondence pages refer to a discussion between the editor, Commander Becher, and his superior, Beaufort, about whether serving naval officers should be allowed to contribute copy to the journal.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1849 volume contains regular updates on the search for Sir John Franklin, missing in the Arctic since 1845. April's issue reports the government's sending of supplies and offering a reward of GBP20,000 for Franklin's rescue. Lady Franklin's appeal to the American President and his response appear in July, and in December Sir James Ross reports on his unsuccessful search, during which he even fitted roaming Arctic foxes with collars stating the location of supplies and a boat. Other contributions include information on Vancouver Island, East and South-East Asia, and Pacific languages, along with a review of an essay on the Kraken.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1844 volume includes discussion of the building of the docks at Birkenhead, which met with great opposition from the rival port of Liverpool. Other topics covered include discipline on merchant ships, the report of the committee on shipwreck, the visit of the King of France and a description of Zanzibar. There is a fascinating scale showing how Navy provisions were calculated, and a surprising set of extracts from correspondence in which the owner of the musket ball that killed Nelson offers it to Queen Victoria, and the Queen accepts, keeping it at Windsor Castle (where it is still on display today).

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1852 volume is dominated by Arctic matters, particularly the long-running searches for the Franklin expedition. It includes a serialised journal of a voyage to China and a glowing review of Robert Fortune's Journey to the Tea Countries of China (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection). A long-running serial, 'Shakings from Smyrna', contains an eclectic mix of information about Turkey. Piracy, slavery and shipwrecks also feature, as do the Great Exhibition, an assessment of the first year of operation of the Mercantile Marine Act and the docks, collieries, and shipbuilding industry of North-East England.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1859 volume focuses on Japan and the signing of a long-desired treaty, British military operations in China during the Second Opium War and setbacks affecting the Great Eastern and the laying of submarine cables. Research on water temperatures and currents, and accounts of the eruption of Mauna Loa in Hawaii also feature. The later issues are dominated by developments in the Franklin searches and a new series of 'occasional papers of the Nautical Club'. An unusual feature of this volume is a versified list of lighthouse locations and signals, which was later published in booklet form.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The volume for 1860 devotes considerable space to the 'occasional papers' of the recently formed Nautical Club. It covers the latest engineering achievements, including the Victoria Bridge in Montreal and the Panama Railroad, as well as the progress of the transatlantic cable. Asia and the Pacific feature prominently, with a Malay glossary and several articles on Japan that incorporate vocabulary lists. Scientific reports describe microscopic sea creatures, a solar eclipse and a tsunami. There is an article about the crowded Haj piligrimage, and books reviewed include McClintock's account of his search for further evidence about the lost Franklin expedition.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1863 volume contains further instalments of the 1862 features on South-East Asia and Australia, as well as reports from Japan. It describes the Suez Canal works, and de Lesseps' 'beautifully organised' establishment with 'workshops and steam appliances on a very large scale', and notes that 'the great question of an Atlantic electric cable appears to be again revived', with Captain R. Hoskyn now in charge. It also reproduces the presidential address of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which mentions recent progress in the field of railways and steamships, and the work of Lyell and Darwin.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1869 volume marks the completion of the Suez Canal, describing a voyage through it by canoe and, later, the grand opening in the presence of royalty and Christian and Islamic religious leaders. It also celebrates the installation of lightning conductors throughout the British fleet after a thirty-five-year campaign to eliminate lightning-related deaths, injuries and damage. Other articles discuss the welfare of seamen, the responsibilities of ships' officers and shipowners, voyages to East Asia and Australasia, the geography of South America, the laying of the French transatlantic cable and the completion of the Pacific Railroad from New York to San Francisco.