This proceedings volume gathers selected papers presented at the Chinese Materials Conference 2017 (CMC2017), held in Yinchuan City, Ningxia, China, on July 06-12, 2017. This book covers a wide range of energy conversion and storage materials, thermoelectric materials and devices, nuclear materials, solar energy materials and solar cells, minerals and oil and gas materials, photocatalytic materials for energy production, eco-materials, and environmental engineering materials. The Chinese Materials Conference (CMC) is the most important serial conference of the Chinese Materials Research Society (C-MRS) and has been held each year since the early 1990s. The 2017 installment included 37 Symposia covering four fields: Advances in energy and environmental materials; High performance structural materials; Fundamental research on materials; and Advanced functional materials. More than 5500 participants attended the congress, and the organizers received more than 700 technical papers. Based on the recommendations of symposium organizers and after peer reviewing, 490 papers have been included in the present proceedings, which showcase the latest original research results in the field of materials, achieved by more than 300 research groups at various universities and research institutes.

The book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of development-directed investigations in the main rivers of wider Central Asia and Afghanistan. The book highlights the development of river systems, water reservoirs, ecosystems and risks as well as the impact of climate change on water resources in Central Asian countries and Afghanistan. It provides information on the genesis of river basins, physical and chemical properties of water in rivers, and the hydrological regimes of the rivers of Central Asia and Afghanistan. The book is useful for scientists and researchers whose work focuses on rivers and the use of water resources, irrigation, ecosystems, risks, water supply, climate change and remote sensing, as well as for students and planners, administrations and other stakeholders in the water sector.

The car, and the range of social and political institutions which sustain its dominance, play an important role in many of the environmental problems faced by contemporary society. But in order to understand the possibilities for moving towards sustainability and 'greening cars', it is first necessary to understand the political forces that have made cars so dominant. This book identifies these forces as a combination of political economy and cultural politics. From the early twentieth century, the car became central to the organization of capitalism and deeply embedded in individual identities, providing people with a source of value and meaning but in a way which was broadly consistent with social imperatives for mobility. Projects for sustainability to reduce the environmental impacts of cars are therefore constrained by these forces but must deal with them in order to shape and achieve their goals.

Monitoring of Harmful Algae Blooms is a timely guide to the research techniques in use to monitor visible algae blooms and through remote sensing, including infrared techniques, predict them through mathematical modeling. Drawing on current and future satellite data, the book presents visible perspectives on a more efficient HAB monitoring system for the future. It also emphasizes practical applications, impacting on marine ecology, national economy, health, food and safety and quality assurance.

Books of Related Interest from Van Nostrand Reinhold Air Pollution Control and Waste Incineration for Hospitals and Other Medical Facilities By Louis Theodore, 276 pages, 6 x 9 ISBN 0-442-00398-6 Here is virtually everything hospital professionals need to gain a complete understanding of hospital air pollution control and waste incineration technology. Taking a logical, step-by-step approach, the book provides readers with a thorough overview of the field, up-to-the-minute information on waste incineration and air pollution regulations, as well as general background and specific information on such important matters as incinerator operation and maintenance calculations. Where Did That Chemical Go? A Practical Guide to Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment By Ronald E. Ney, Jr., 256 pages, 6 x 9 ISBN 0-442-00457-5 How to predict the possibility of exposure of humans and animals to chemicals released in the environment is explained in this guide. It covers more than 100 organic and inorganic chemicals of major concern in the environment, and provides 200 examples of how to interpret and predict hazardous contact. Several tracing techniques for chemicals released or intentionally placed in the air, water, soil, plants, or animals are discussed. Tables that demonstrate how to plug in data make it easier to predict exposure possibilities. Included is a glossary that clarifies scientific terms. Industrial Emergency Preparedness By Robert B. Kelly, 328 pages, 6 x 9 ISBN 0-442-20483-3 This invaluable guide provides safety engineers and managers, loss prevention managers, and police and fire fighters with easily accomplished techniques for developing a comprehensive industrial program to handle major emergencies, such as fires, chemical spills, gas leaks, and explosions. It discusses all the requirements for developing a workable emergency program, from assessing response capabilities and conducting drills, to improving community planning and dealing with the media during emergencies. Natural Resource Management of Water and Land By Edward O. Gangstad, 210 pages, 6 x 9 ISBN 0-442-00481-8 Covering such diverse areas as arid lands, the prairies, and the eastern U.S., the book details those areas and conditions where stresses on water and land resources have occurred - and are most likely to occur - and examines the pros and cons of the different biological and chemical control technologies used to mitigate those problems. In addition, the book evaluates major natural resource management strategies that have been employed to rectify water and land problems involving industrial and domestic water supply, irrigation, pollution control, fish and wildlife enhancement, hydroelectric power development, recreational use, flood control, and navigation.

This volume offers a review of measures taken at different levels to prevent oil inputs to the North Sea from sources such as shipping and oil installations. A range of data from satellites, remote sensing, aerial surveillance, in-situ monitoring, oil spill sampling and beached bird surveys presents a comprehensive portrait of trends in oil pollution over many years. Topics include Bonn Agreement-based actions to eliminate illegal and accidental pollution from ships, OSPAR monitoring of oil installations, EMSA CleanSeaNet activities, and an internationally approved common standard for oil spills presented by the Bonn-OSINet. A chapter on the role of the IMO in preventing oil pollution from ships provides an international context, while others discuss efforts being made at the national level. A decadal review of the state of the North Sea prepared by OSPAR supports the view that there has been a significant reduction of oil inputs to the sea. This thorough review addresses national and international agencies and government bodies, as well as policymakers and practitioners in the fields of shipping, ports and terminals, oil extraction and marine management. Further, it provides researchers with essential reference material on tools and techniques for monitoring oil pollution and offers a valuable resource for undergraduate and post-graduate students in the field of marine oil pollution.

This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, "phytoremediation", which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, metalloids, fuel and oil hydrocarbons, nano particles, pesticides, solvents, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Many chapters highlight and compare the efficiency and economic advantages of phytoremediation and nano-phytoremediation to currently practiced soil and water treatment practices. Volume 6 of Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants continues the series. Taken together, the six volumes provide a broad-based global synopsis of the current applications of phytoremediation using plants and the microbial communities associated with their roots to decontaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Wetlands for Water Pollution Control, Second Edition, covers the fundamental science and engineering principles relevant to the drainage and treatment of both storm and wastewater. Standard and novel design recommendations for predominantly constructed wetlands and related sustainable drainage systems are also provided to account for the interests of professional engineers and environmental scientists. This revised edition deals with the design, operation, maintenance, and water quality monitoring of traditional and novel wetland systems, but also provides information on the analysis of asset performance and modeling of treatment processes, along with performances of existing infrastructures in predominantly developed, but also developing countries, and the sustainability and economic issues involved. This new edition contains 10 new chapters, along with multidisciplinary, experimental, and modeling-orientated case study topics that include natural wetlands, constructed treatment wetlands for pollution control, sustainable drainage systems, and specific applications, such as wetlands treating hydrocarbon and ammonia, as well as ecological sanitation systems recycling treated.

Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms' metabolism to degrade waste contaminants (sewage, domestic, and industrial effluents) into non-toxic or less toxic materials by natural biological processes. Remediation through fungi-or mycoremediation-has multifarious possibilities in applied remediation engineering and the future of environmental sustainability. Fungi have the biochemical and ecological capability to degrade environmental organic chemicals and to decrease the risk associated with metals, semi-metals, noble metals, and radionuclides, either by chemical modification or by manipulating chemical bioavailability. Additionally, the capability of these fungi to form extended mycelia networks, the low specificity of their catabolic enzymes, and their using pollutants as a growth substrate make these fungi well suited for bioremediation processes. Their mycelia exhibit the robustness of adapting to highly limiting environmental conditions often experienced in the presence of persistent pollutants, which makes them more useful compared to other microbes. However, despite dominating the living biomass in soil and being abundant in aquatic ecosystems, fungi have not been exploited for the bioremediation of such environments. This book covers the various types of fungi and associated fungal processes used to clean up waste and wastewaters in contaminated environments and discusses future potential applications.

This volume offers detailed comparisons and validations of different methods of assessing groundwater vulnerability (DRASTIC, GOD, PI, RTt, AVI, SINTACS, COP). It contains new aspects of vulnerability assessment for the evaluation of coastal aquifer vulnerability and aquifer vulnerability to methane gas leakage from shale gas wells. The book also contains the results of studies on intrinsic and specific vulnerability assessment (migration of antibiotics and nitrate, groundwatersurface water interaction), with examples of the different national approaches to groundwater vulnerability mapping in Poland, Ireland, Italy and elsewhere. There are 15 chapters derived from two IAH conferences held in Ustron, Poland in 2015 and 2018. The book is valuable for those interested in groundwater vulnerability, in risk assessment, and in environmental issues. It is aimed at land use planners, water managers, the environmental industry, regional and local environmental protection councils and students studying hydrogeology and environmental sciences.

Developing countries recognize the importance of their future role in responding to the uncertainty posed by global climate change through appropriate technical, institutional, and policy measures. The ongoing global negotiations are now in a critical phase. A comprehensive assessment and understanding of issues relevant to developing countries, such as greenhouse gas emissions inventories, contribution of developing countries to greenhouse gas emissions, projected climate change, impacts of climate change on the ecosystems and developing economies, mitigation opportunities, and potential socio-economic implications for developing countries, is necessary in order to address the emerging climate change.

This book presents the alternative perspectives of developing countries on opportunities to benefit from the current and emerging global negotiations, institutions, and mechanisms to address climate change. Analyses show that the developing countries, with appropriate policy and institutional responses, could benefit from the global programs for mitigating the climate change. A comprehensive and simplified guide to assist negotiators and policy makers from developing countries, as well as researchers, is provided.

The unique feature of this book is that it provides a comprehensive coverage of different issues such as greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation analysis, impacts and adaptation, policy options, emerging global institutions and mechanisms, and alternative perspectives of developing countries.

The book provides basic information, analysis, and interpretation of various aspects relevant to climate change and will be a valuable asset to researchers, negotiators, policymakers, and environmental groups engaged in the analysis and discussion of climate change.

Microbial degradation, Phytoremediation, Remediation, Explosive residues, Biotransformation, Mineralization, Degradative Enzymes, Degradation Pathways, Energetics, Soil contamination, Water contamination.

This volume gives a detailed account into how renewables can be transformed into value-added products via homogeneous catalysis, especially via transiton metal homogeneous catalysis. The most important catalytic reactions of oleochemicals, isoprenoids, carbohydrates, lignin, proteins and carbon dioxide are described. Special emphasis is placed on carbon-carbon linkage reactions (hydroformylations, dimerisations, telomerisations, metathesis, polymerisations etc.), hydrogenations, oxidations and other important homogeneous reactions (such as isomerisations, hydrosilylations etc.). Also, tandem reactions including isomerising hydroformylations are presented. Wherever possible, the authors have included mechanistic, kinetic, and technical aspects. The reader is therefore given a total overview of the status quo of homogeneous catalysis directed to the most important renewables.

This book comprises some of the major facts and solutions on environmental studies and its importance on the ecosystem. Implementations of Biotechnology on wastewater treatment and removal of toxins from the wastewater have been thoroughly discussed in different chapters with its impacts on the ecosystem. State of art technologies related to the water treatment as well as balancing of various essential components of the ecosystem has also been demonstrated with various technical solutions. Impacts of various toxins, mainly chemical wastes produced by various industries have been precisely identified and there impacts with various solutions are also discussed. This book is also a collection of various ideas and thoughts coming from reputed scientists and researchers working in this field with modernized technological views. A special emphasis has been given to protect and balance our ecosystem to save the entire living beings. Authors have also tried to make a bridge between bioremediation and ecosystem to bring these in a common platform for better understanding and solution of various critical problems with the help of cutting edge technologies. In this particular aspect or research, the novelty of the book is unparallel to show various future opportunities for the researchers, academicians, industrial personnel working in this field.

The book provides a critical evaluation of South Africa's freshwater resources to illustrate the way in which its freshwater resources, water access, services and infrastructure have continued to decline over the past three decades. The continued decline of water governance, management, water service delivery, dilapidated water infrastructure, dysfunctional local governments and overall excessive water degradation is illustrated and emphasized using real-life examples and case studies from various contexts within the country. The main argument of the book is that South Africa's freshwater resources have declined to such an extent that it can be described as a predicament. Questionable water governance decisions and reactive water management practices have led to no improvement and/or increased degradation of freshwater resources. An overall lack of service delivery exists across the country, in various contexts, leading to further water and social decline. An inter-disciplinary evaluation of South Africa's current water predicament is provided, major water crises are prioritized, and suitable recommendations are given to transform its predicament into problems which can be addressed. Suitable background information is given to emphasize the necessity of good water governance, management, and service delivery. South Africa's freshwater resources are evaluated with specific focus on the decline of informed water governance, management, service delivery and water quality. Factors requiring urgent attention are determined and suitable recommendations and/or actions are provided. An evaluation and overall synthesis focused on the transformation of the predicament into problems is provided. Primary water problems are prioritized according to urgency and suitable recommendations are given to assist in transforming the country's current complex water predicament into "simpler" water problems. Political will, collaboration with researchers, stakeholders, non-governmental organizations, and cooperation of civil society is required. South Africa's already scarce freshwater resources and decaying infrastructure will persist and possibly collapse if no major actions or interventions are implemented.

'As a movement for social change it is important that we understand our own history. This is a compelling read.' From the anti-roads protests of the 1990s to HS2 and Extinction Rebellion, conflict and protest have shaped the politics of transport. In 1989, Margaret Thatcher's government announced 'the biggest road-building programme since the Romans.' This is the inside story of the thirty tumultuous years that have followed. Roads, Runways and Resistance draws on over 50 interviews with government ministers, advisors and protestors - many of whom, including 'Swampy', speak here for the first time about the events they describe. It is a story of transport ministers undermined by their own Prime Ministers, protestors attacked or quietly supported by the police, and smartly-dressed protestors who found a way onto the roof of the Houses of Parliament. Today, as a new wave of road building and airport expansion threatens to bust Britain's carbon budgets, climate change protestors find themselves on a collision course with the government. Melia asks, what difference did the protests of the past make? And what impacts might today's protest movements have on the transport of the future?

This Volume 2 contains essential contributions highlighting the use of biotechnology in dye removal. It begins with an overview of activated sludge process for dye removal along with its limitation is carried out and describes the fundamental concepts of dye-containing textile wastewater treatments, particularly microbial and enzymatic approaches, including the most usual textile wastewater treatments and their trends. It discusses the role microbial biofilms play when employed in the integrated treatment system for effective detoxification, degradation and complete mineralization of pollutants in dye waste effluents. It assesses the most recent advances in the biotransformation of synthetic dyes from wastewater, especially anthraquinone-typed dyes. Phycoremediation as an emerging and efficient technology in dye removal, remediation strategies used by microalgae, and the role of fungi in the dye removal are presented.

"Fundamentals of Air Pollution" is an important and widely used textbook in the environmental science and engineering community. This thoroughly revised fifth edition of "Fundamentals of Air Pollution" has been updated throughout and remains the most complete text available, offering a stronger systems perspective and more coverage of international issues relating to air pollution. Sections on pollution control have been reorganized and updated to demonstrate the move from regulation and control approaches to green and sustainable engineering approaches.

The fifth edition maintains a strong interdisciplinary approach to the study of air pollution, covering such topics as chemistry, physics, meteorology, engineering, toxicology, policy, and regulation. New material includes near-road air pollution, new risk assessment approaches, indoor air quality, the impact of biofuels and fuel additives, mercury emissions, forecasting techniques, and the most recent results from the National Air Toxics Assessment.
Stronger systems approach, emphasizing the impact of air pollution on ecosystems and human healthRisks, measures, models, and control of air pollution are discussed at scale - starting at the individual/niche level and expanding to planetary/global scaleIncreased emphasis on international issues, including coverage of European initiatives and discussions of the impact of emerging economies like India and ChinaUpdated references, standards, and methods throughout the book make this the most current air pollution text/reference on the marketAll new end-of-chapter problems enhance its usefulness as a course text

Up-to-date coverage of vanadium research--in two accessible, self-contained volumes Vanadium in the Environment brings together the contributions of leading experts on the chemical and toxicological aspects of vanadium exposure and its effects on aquatic and terrestrial environments, human health, and wildlife. This initial volume focuses on chemistry and biochemistry, while Part Two concentrates on health effects and toxicology in living organisms. Topics in this first volume include:

• History, occurrence, and uses of vanadium
• Vanadium in the atmosphere
• Chemistry of relevance to vanadium in the environment
• Water quality criteria for vanadium
• Spectroscopic methods for the characterization of vanadium complexes
• Bioaccumulation and transfer of vanadium in marine organisms
• Structure, function, and models of biogenic vanadium compounds
• Catalytic effects of vanadium on phosphoryl transfer enzymes
• Bioactivity of vanadium compounds on cells in culture

Only in Australasia can the effect of technological societies on river systems be truly analysed and this unique, accessible book covers key issues in river management from a geomorphological perspective.
Australia and New Zealand were colonised only 200 years ago by central bureaucratic administrations. For the whole period of European settlement most river management activities have been carried out by government agencies and the record of their activities is relatively complete. These countries therefore provide good case studies for the impact of technological societies on river systems, having transformed their rivers in a short time from their 'natural' into a heavily managed condition.
Geomorphology provides the scientific basis for much of our understanding of river behaviour and geomorphologists are now actively involved in the management process. This book provides a collection of case studies, the first to be produced to date, which describe the management of rivers covering issues of environmental flow, stream condition, mining and extractive activities, river channel change, river stabilisation, river regulation and urban streams.
The book will prove invaluable to geomorphologists, river engineers, stream ecologists, river managers, and environmental impact assessors involved in river management and restoration.

Hazardous Air Pollutants: Case Studies from Asia examines the variety of public health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, increased mortality, and impaired mental health, that are severely affecting multiple Asian countries as a result of exposure to high concentrations of air pollution in the wake of rapid industrialization. The contributors to this book have direct research experience in health problems caused by air pollution in the countries under discussion. The countries analyzed include China, Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Korea. The book is divided in two sections. Each chapter of the first section focuses on one country and summarizes multiple key aspects that contextualize public health issues within it, including Geography Meteorology Economics Demographics Sources of air pollution Epidemiological findings Biological mechanisms The first section also assesses the exposure and risk within each country. The second section introduces new fields of air pollution research, the impact of vehicle emission regulations, the effects of coal energy generation, and climate change. Presented in a concise and methodical manner, this book provides an up-to-date overview of the air pollution levels, health findings, and air quality policies of Asian countries. It expands understanding about the effects of air pollution on public health in Asia and lays a groundwork for future approaches to research and policy.

This second volume on ''Inorganic-Organic Composites for Water and Wastewater Treatment'' reviews research findings on advanced materials and methods for purification. Considering the fact that new emerging pollutants are released into the environment and water bodies, it is necessary to develop more advanced techniques in order to treat them. The utilization of metal - organic framework in view of applications, synthesis, properties like adsorption, characterization of the electronic and geometric aspects, and hybrid systems is reiewed in this book, and the advantages/disadvantages, shortcomings including future prospects associated with metal-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites for water decontamination are discussed. In addition, the use of carbon quantum dots, supramolecular ion-exchange resins, multifunctional composite aerogels, algal biomass valorization and titania-containing composites in treatment processes are also presented.

This book is the final installation in a three-volume series synthesizing 30 years of mercury research in the Florida Everglades. The first part of this book evaluates the occurrence of trends in both biota mercury concentrations and atmospheric mercury deposition. Through both empirical and deterministic analyses, the likely drivers of biota trends are identified. These analyses help lay the predicate for devising an overall strategy to mitigate and manage the Everglades mercury problem. The book concludes with a model analysis of the likely benefits and uncertainty attendant with implementing the leading candidate strategy for best reducing the Everglades mercury problem.

This book reviews the unique ecosystem of the Lake Skadar/Shkodra and its basin, and discusses the latest advances made in this region to face the impact of climate change. Divided into 23 chapters, the book gathers leading expertise from various scientific and engineering communities and provides readers with extensive discussions of core issues, including the water and sediment chemistry of Lake Skadar/Shkodra and the metal pollution that is evident in plants, aquatic invertebrates and fish. Readers will discover how a sustainable science-based management approach can be applied to the Lake Skadar/Shkodra region, and will learn about the environment prospects for the region. This book is intended as an essential tool for all scientists interested in the Lake Skadar/Shkodra environment - in particular those investigating the interactions between land and water, between limnology and biota, and between natural and cultural resources.

Since the Industrial Revolution, humans have transformed the Earth's atmosphere, committing our planet to more extreme weather, rising sea levels, melting polar ice caps, and mass extinction. This period of observable human impact on the Earth's ecosystems has been called the Anthropocene Age. The anthropogenic climate change that has impacted the Earth has also affected our literature, but criticism of the contemporary novel has not adequately recognized the literary response to this level of environmental crisis. Ecocriticism's theories of place and planet, meanwhile, are troubled by a climate that is neither natural nor under human control. Anthropocene Fictions is the first systematic examination of the hundreds of novels that have been written about anthropogenic climate change. Drawing on climatology, the sociology and philosophy of science, geography, and environmental economics, Adam Trexler argues that the novel has become an essential tool to construct meaning in an age of climate change. The novel expands the reach of climate science beyond the laboratory or model, turning abstract predictions into subjectively tangible experiences of place, identity, and culture. Political and economic organizations are also being transformed by their struggle for sustainability. In turn, the novel has been forced to adapt to new boundaries between truth and fabrication, nature and economies, and individual choice and larger systems of natural phenomena. Anthropocene Fictions argues that new modes of inhabiting climate are of the utmost critical and political importance, when unprecedented scientific consensus has failed to lead to action.