The author has shown that practically all our laws, principles, and theories are not physically realizable, since they were derived from an empty space paradigm. From which this book is started with the origin of our temporal (t > 0) universe, it shows that temporal subspace is a physically realizable space within our universe. As in contrasted with generally accepted paradigm where time is an independent variable. From which the author has shown that it is not how rigorous mathematics is, but it is the temporal (t > 0) space paradigm determines the physically realizable solution. Although Einstein's relativity and Schroedinger's principle had revolutionized the modern science, this book has shown that both theory and principle are physically non-realizable since they were developed from an empty space paradigm. One of the most important contribution of this book must be the revolutionary idea of our temporal (t > 0) space, for which the author has shown that absolute certainty exists only at the present (t = 0) moment. Where past-time information has no physical substance and future-time represents a physically realizable yet uncertainty. From which the author has shown that all the existent laws, principles, and theories were based on past-time certainties to predict the future, but science is supposed to be approximated. The author has also shown that this is precisely our theoretical science was developed. But time independent laws and principles are not existed within our temporal universe, in view of the author's temporal exclusive principle. By which the author has noted that timeless science has already created a worldwide conspiracy for examples such as superposition principle, qubit information, relativity theory, wormhole travelling and many others. This book has also shown that Heisenberg's uncertainty is an observational principle independent with time, yet within our universe everything changes with time. In this book the author has also noted that micro space behaviors the same as macro space regardless of the particle size. Finally, one of interesting feature is that, that big bang creation was ignited by a self-induced gravitational force instead by time as commonly believed. Nevertheless, everything has a price to pay; a section of time t and an amount of energy E and it is not free. The author has also shown that time is the only variable that cannot be changed. Although we can squeeze a section of time t as small as we wish but we can never able to squeeze t to zero even we have all the needed energy. Nevertheless, this revolutionary book closer to the truth is highly recommended to every scientist and engineer, otherwise we will forever be trapped within the timeless fantasyland of science. This book is intended for cosmologists, particle physicists, astrophysicists, quantum physicists, computer scientists, optical scientists, communication engineers, professors, and students as a reference or a research-oriented book.

The book Digital Health Transformation with Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence covers the global digital revolution in the field of healthcare sector. The population has been overcoming the COVID-19 period; therefore, we need to establish intelligent digital healthcare systems using various emerging technologies like Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence. Internet of Medical Things is the technological revolution that has included the element of "smartness" in the healthcare industry and also identifying, monitoring, and informing service providers about the patient's clinical information with faster delivery of care services. This book highlights the important issues i.e. (a) How Internet of things can be integrated with the healthcare ecosystem for better diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment of the patients, (b) Artificial Intelligence for predictive and preventive healthcare systems, (c) Blockchain for managing healthcare data to provide transparency, security, and distributed storage, and (d) Effective remote diagnostics and telemedicine approach for developing smart care. The book encompasses chapters belong to the blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and Big health data technologies. Features: Blockchain and internet of things in healthcare systems Secure Digital Health Data Management in Internet of Things Public Perception towards AI-Driven Healthcare Security, privacy issues and challenges in adoption of smart digital healthcare Big data analytics and Internet of things in the pandemic era Clinical challenges for digital health revolution Artificial intelligence for advanced healthcare Future Trajectory of Healthcare with Artificial Intelligence 9 Parkinson disease pre-diagnosis using smart technologies Emerging technologies to combat the COVID-19 Machine Learning and Internet of Things in Digital Health Transformation Effective Remote Healthcare and Telemedicine Approaches Legal implication of blockchain technology in public health This Book on "Digital Health Transformation with Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence" aims at promoting and facilitating exchanges of research knowledge and findings across different disciplines on the design and investigation of secured healthcare data analytics. It can also be used as a textbook for a Masters course in security and biomedical engineering. This book will also present new methods for the medical data analytics, blockchain technology, and diagnosis of different diseases to improve the quality of life in general, and better integration into digital healthcare.

2D Materials for Infrared and Terahertz Detectors provides an overview of the performance of emerging detector materials, while also offering, for the first time, a comparison with traditional materials used in the fabrication of infrared and terahertz detectors. Since the discovery of graphene, its applications to electronic and optoelectronic devices have been intensively researched. The extraordinary electronic and optical properties allow graphene and other 2D materials to be promising candidates for infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) photodetectors, and yet it appears that the development of new detectors using these materials is still secondary to those using traditional materials. This book explores this phenomenon, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using 2D materials. Special attention is directed toward the identification of the most-effective hybrid 2D materials in infrared and terahertz detectors, as well as future trends. Written by one of the world's leading researchers in the field of IR optoelectronics, this book will be a must-read for researchers and graduate students in photodetectors and related fields. Features * Offers a comprehensive overview of the different types of 2D materials used in fabrication of IR and THz detectors, and includes their advantages/disadvantages * The first book to compare new detectors to a wide family of common, commercially available detectors that use traditional materials.

This book focuses on the design of efficient & dynamic methods to allocate divisible resources under various auction mechanisms, discussing their applications in power & microgrid systems and the V2G & EV charging coordination problems in smart grids. It describes the design of dynamic methods for single-sided and double-sided auction games and presents a number of simulation cases verifying the performances of the proposed algorithms in terms of efficiency, convergence and computational complexity. Further, it explores the performances of certain auction mechanisms in a hierarchical structure and with large-scale agents, as well as the auction mechanisms for the efficient allocation of multi-type resources. Lastly, it generalizes the main and demonstrates their application in smart grids. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of optimization, game theory, auction mechanisms and smart grids interested in designing dynamic auction mechanisms to implement optimal allocation of divisible resources, especially electricity and other types of energy in smart grids.

This book reviews the status quo and visions for the future in the wind energy industry in China and around the globe, focusing on its roles in optimizing energy structure, alleviating environmental pollution, and coping with climate change. Providing a blueprint of wind power development till 2050, it suggests a series of further measures in the context of policies, regulations, laws, and marketing in order to overcome the existing bottlenecks. Moreover, it proposes a number of potential innovative technologies related to IT+ and advanced manufacturing, including integrated & distributed power and micro-grid systems, multi-energy complement, green and intelligent manufacturing, reliability design, blade design, manufacturing and maintenance, drive drain systems, and offshore wind farms. This book offers researchers and engineers insights into sustainable development in the wind power industry.

The author has shown that practically all our laws, principles, and theories are not physically realizable, since they were derived from an empty space paradigm. From which this book is started with the origin of our temporal (t > 0) universe, it shows that temporal subspace is a physically realizable space within our universe. As in contrasted with generally accepted paradigm where time is an independent variable. From which the author has shown that it is not how rigorous mathematics is, but it is the temporal (t > 0) space paradigm determines the physically realizable solution. Although Einstein's relativity and Schroedinger's principle had revolutionized the modern science, this book has shown that both theory and principle are physically non-realizable since they were developed from an empty space paradigm. One of the most important contribution of this book must be the revolutionary idea of our temporal (t > 0) space, for which the author has shown that absolute certainty exists only at the present (t = 0) moment. Where past-time information has no physical substance and future-time represents a physically realizable yet uncertainty. From which the author has shown that all the existent laws, principles, and theories were based on past-time certainties to predict the future, but science is supposed to be approximated. The author has also shown that this is precisely our theoretical science was developed. But time independent laws and principles are not existed within our temporal universe, in view of the author's temporal exclusive principle. By which the author has noted that timeless science has already created a worldwide conspiracy for examples such as superposition principle, qubit information, relativity theory, wormhole travelling and many others. This book has also shown that Heisenberg's uncertainty is an observational principle independent with time, yet within our universe everything changes with time. In this book the author has also noted that micro space behaviors the same as macro space regardless of the particle size. Finally, one of interesting feature is that, that big bang creation was ignited by a self-induced gravitational force instead by time as commonly believed. Nevertheless, everything has a price to pay; a section of time t and an amount of energy E and it is not free. The author has also shown that time is the only variable that cannot be changed. Although we can squeeze a section of time t as small as we wish but we can never able to squeeze t to zero even we have all the needed energy. Nevertheless, this revolutionary book closer to the truth is highly recommended to every scientist and engineer, otherwise we will forever be trapped within the timeless fantasyland of science. This book is intended for cosmologists, particle physicists, astrophysicists, quantum physicists, computer scientists, optical scientists, communication engineers, professors, and students as a reference or a research-oriented book.

Details the use of advanced AFMs and addresses all types of functional AFMs First book to focus on application of AFM for energy research Enables readers to operate an AFM successfully and to understand the data obtained Covers new achievements in AFM instruments, including higher speed and resolution, automatic and deep learning AFM, and how AFM is being combined with other new methods like IR and Raman microscopy

This book presents state-of-the-art research on security and privacy- preserving for IoT and 5G networks and applications. The accepted book chapters covered many themes, including traceability and tamper detection in IoT enabled waste management networks, secure Healthcare IoT Systems, data transfer accomplished by trustworthy nodes in cognitive radio, DDoS Attack Detection in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) for 5G Networks, Mobile Edge-Cloud Computing, biometric authentication systems for IoT applications, and many other applications It aspires to provide a relevant reference for students, researchers, engineers, and professionals working in this particular area or those interested in grasping its diverse facets and exploring the latest advances on security and privacy- preserving for IoT and 5G networks.

Renewable energies have become an attractive option to overcome the energy demands in sustainable and affordable ways. It has been estimated that one-third of the total renewable energies would be generated from photovoltaics (PVs). A solar or PV cell is a device that directly converts sunlight into electricity by taking benefit of the photoelectric effect. In the third-generation solar PVs, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are believed to be the most promising and have attracted wide attention. The optimization of a DSSC is focused on four main components: (i) metal oxide semiconductor, (ii) photosensitizer, (iii) redox couple electrolyte, and (iv) counter electrode. Among these, the counter electrode undertakes three functions: (i) as a catalyst, (ii) as a positive electrode of primary cells, and (iii) as a mirror. To obey these functions, the electrode material should have high catalytic activity, high conductivity, high reflectivity, high surface area, and electrochemical and mechanical stability. To improve the performance of DSSCs, many scientists have developed new counter electrodes made of platinum, carbon materials, transition metals, conductive polymers, and composites. This book converses the various aspects of materials for the fabrication of counter electrodes especially for the DSSCs.

Since the launch of Second-Generation Networks (2G), planning for each future mobile service was initiated many years before its commercial launch. In 2019, 5G Networks begun to be deployed commercially after almost ten years of planning. Similarly, the race for the 6G wireless networks that will be operational in 2030 has already started. To fulfill its potential in the upcoming decade, 6G will undoubtedly require an architectural orchestration based on the amalgamation of existing solutions and innovative technologies. The book will begin by evaluating the state of the art of all current mobile generations' while looking into their core building blocks. 6G implementation will require fundamental support from Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning on the network's edge and core, including a new Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. The 6G use cases will require advanced techniques for enabling the future wireless network to be human-centric, ensuring enhanced quality of experience (QoE) for most of its applications. The concept of Human Bond Communication Beyond 2050 (Knowledge Home) and Communication, Navigation, Sensing, and Services (CONASENSE) will also profit from future wireless communication. Terahertz domains will exploit the ultra-Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output Antennas (UM-MIMO) technologies to support Terabits' data throughputs. Moreover, optical wireless communications (OWC) will also come into play to support indoor and outdoor high-data rates. Further expansion of 6G core entities will support the novel concept of Society 5.0. Quantum computing processing and communications is also likely to be added into the 6G ecosystem with security managed by blockchain orchestration for a robust network.

Compressed Sensing (CS) in theory deals with the problem of recovering a sparse signal from an under-determined system of linear equations. The topic is of immense practical significance since all naturally occurring signals can be sparsely represented in some domain. In recent years, CS has helped reduce scan time in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (making scans more feasible for pediatric and geriatric subjects) and has also helped reduce the health hazard in X-Ray Computed CT. This book is a valuable resource suitable for an engineering student in signal processing and requires a basic understanding of signal processing and linear algebra. Covers fundamental concepts of compressed sensing Makes subject matter accessible for engineers of various levels Focuses on algorithms including group-sparsity and row-sparsity, as well as applications to computational imaging, medical imaging, biomedical signal processing, and machine learning Includes MATLAB examples for further development

Unmanned ships and autonomous ships are quickly becoming a reality, making shipping safer and more efficient. However, traditional tasks and functions are becoming blurred as new technology changes how the unique needs of different sectors are met. In addition to large vessels dedicated to the transport of goods and cargos across the oceans, major efforts are underway towards the automation of small coastal shipping that includes ferries, tugboats, supply and service vessels, and barges. Automated vehicles are also replacing conventional ships for inspecting and servicing pipelines, drilling platforms, wind farms and other offshore installations. Automated shipping is explored in terms of economics, technology, safety and the environment under the broad themes of ship design and engineering, command and control, navigation, communications, security, regulatory issues, and training. This includes initiatives for autonomous shipping as well as civilian implications of military ship automation programs. This book is primarily for maritime professionals, regulatory authorities, insurers, and environmental groups. It also suits undergraduate students involved in deck officer training, and graduate students and academics involved in research in ship design, operations and management.

Green Technology deals with using science and technology to protect the environment as well as curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The emerging green technologies, covered in this book, will propel our economy in the near future. Their development will lead to global and sustainable powers that will impact our economics, societies, cultures, and the way of life. This book provides researchers, students, and professionals a comprehensive introduction, applications, benefits, and challenges of 15 emerging green technologies. It presents the impact of these cutting-edge technologies on our global economy and its future. The book will help a beginner to have an introductory knowledge about these emerging technologies. The main objective of the author is to provide a concise treatment that is easily digestible. It is a must-read for those graduate students or scholars who consider researching green technologies. It can also serve as a valuable resource for those business professionals who seek ways to green their processes.

This book introduces electrical machine modeling and control for electrical engineering and science to graduate, undergraduate students as well as researchers, who are working on modeling and control of electrical machines. It targets electrical engineering students who have no time to derive mathematical equations for electrical machines in particular induction machine (IM) and doubly fed induction machines (DFIM). The main focus is on the application of field oriented control technique to induction motor (IM) and doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) in details, and since the induction motors have many drawback using this technique, therefore the application of a nonlinear control technique (feedback linearization) is applied to a reduced order model of DFIM to enhance the performance of doubly fed induction motor. Features Serves as text book for electrical motor modeling, simulation and control; especially modeling of induction motor and doubly fed induction motor using different frame of references. Vector control (field oriented control) is given in more detailed, and is applied to induction motor. A nonlinear controller is applied to a reduced model of an doubly induction motor associated with a linear observer to estimate the unmeasured load torque, which is used to enhance the performance of the vector control to doubly fed induction motor. Access to the full MATLAB/SIMULINK blocks for simulation and control.

Now in its 10th edition, Electrical Installation Calculations: Basic has been updated to include any changes required to bring it in line with the 18th edition of the IET electrical wiring regulations (BS7671:2018). Electrical calculations required for exams can prove difficult to master, but for more than 40 years, this book series has proved very helpful to students and professional electrical engineers studying for electrical qualifications. It covers all the calculations required for Level 2 electrical qualifications, along with other useful calculations that may be used in the electrical industry but may not feature in the syllabus of some exams. Although the calculations in this book are referred to as 'basic', they form the foundation of all calculations carried out in the electrical industry, which have been set out simply with worked examples along with additional questions and answers. Key terms are explained in a glossary, which can be used to assist with the reader's understanding.

This book investigates statistical observables for anomalous and nonergodic dynamics, focusing on the dynamical behaviors of particles modelled by non-Brownian stochastic processes in the complex real-world environment. Statistical observables are widely used for anomalous and nonergodic stochastic systems, thus serving as a key to uncover their dynamics. This study explores the cutting edge of anomalous and nonergodic diffusion from the perspectives of mathematics, computer science, statistical and biological physics, and chemistry. With this interdisciplinary approach, multiple physical applications and mathematical issues are discussed, including stochastic and deterministic modelling, analyses of (stochastic) partial differential equations (PDEs), scientific computations and stochastic analyses, etc. Through regularity analysis, numerical scheme design and numerical experiments, the book also derives the governing equations for the probability density function of statistical observables, linking stochastic processes with PDEs. The book will appeal to both researchers of electrical engineering expert in the niche area of statistical observables and stochastic systems and scientists in a broad range of fields interested in anomalous diffusion, especially applied mathematicians and statistical physicists.

Vehicles are intrinsically linked to our lives. This book covers all technical details of the vehicle electrification process, with focus on power electronics. The main challenge in vehicle electrification consists of replacing the engine-based mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic ancillary energy sources with electrical energy processed through an electromagnetic device. The book illustrates this evolutionary process with numerous series-production examples for either of body or chassis systems, from old milestones to futuristic luxury vehicles. Electrification of ancillaries and electric propulsion eventually meet into an all-electric vehicle and both processes rely heavily on power electronics. Power electronics deals with electronic processing of electrical energy. This makes it a support technology for the automotive industry. All the automotive visions for the next decade (2020-2030) are built on top of power electronics and the automotive power electronics industry is expected at 15% compound annual growth rate, the highest among all automotive technologies. Hence, automotive power electronics industry is very appealing for recent and future graduates. The book structure follows the architecture of the electrical power system for a conventional engine-based vehicle, with a last chapter dedicated to an introduction onto electric propulsion. The first part of the book describes automotive technologies for generation and distribution of electrical power, as well as its usage within body systems, chassis systems, or lighting. The second part explores deeper into the specifics of each component of the vehicle electric power system. Since cars have been on the streets for over 100 years, each chapter starts with a list of historical achievements. Recognizing the engineering effort span over more than a century ennobles the R&D efforts of the new millennium. Focus on history of electricity in vehicle applications is another attractive treat of the book. The book fills a gap between books targeting practical education and works sharing advanced academic vision, offering students and academics a quick tour of the basic tools and long-standing infrastructure, and offering practicing engineers an introduction on newly introduced power electronics-based technologies. It is therefore recommended as a must-have book for students and early graduates in automotive power electronics activities.

Currently, light waves are ready to come into boxes of computers in high-performance computing systems like data centers and super computers to realize intra-box optical interconnects. For inter-box optical interconnects, light waves have successfully been introduced by OE modules, in which discrete bulk-chip OE/electronic devices are assembled using the flip-chip-bonding-based packaging technology. OE modules, however, are not applicable to intra-box optical interconnects, because intra-box interconnects involve "short line distances of the cm-mm order" and "large line counts of hundreds-thousands." This causes optics excess, namely, excess components, materials, spaces, fabrication efforts for packaging, and design efforts. The optics excess raises sizes and costs of intra-box optical interconnects enormously when they are built using conventional OE modules. This book proposes the concept of self-organized 3D integrated optical interconnects and the strategy to reduce optics excess in intra-box optical interconnects.

The book provides future research directions in IoT and image processing based Energy, Industry, and Healthcare domain and explores the different applications of its associated technologies. However, the Internet of Things and image processing is a very big field with a lot of subfields, which are very important such as Smart Homes to improve our daily life, Smart Cities to improve the citizens' life, Smart Towns to recover the livability and traditions, Smart Earth to protect our world, and Industrial Internet of Things to create safer and easier jobs. This book considers very important research areas in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare domain with IoT and image processing applications.The aim of the book to highlights future directions of optimization methods in various engineering and science applications in various IoT and image processing applications. Emphasis is given to deep learning and similar models of neural network-based learning techniques employed in solving optimization problems of different engineering and science applications. The role of AI in mechatronics is also highlighted using suitable optimization methods. This book considers very important research areas in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare. It addresses major issues and challenges in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare and solutions proposed for IoT-enabled cellular/computer networks, routing/communication protocols, surveillances applications, secured data management, and positioning approaches. It focuses mainly on smart and context-aware implementations. Key sailing Features: The impact of the proposed book is to provide a major area of concern to develop a foundation for the implementation process of new image processing and IoT devices based on Energy, Industry, and Healthcare related technology. The researchers working on image processing and IoT devices can correlate their work with other requirements of advanced technology in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare domain. To make aware of the latest technology like AI and Machine learning in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare related technology. Useful for the researcher to explore new things like Security, cryptography, and privacy in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare related technology. People who want to start in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare related technology with image processing and IoT world.

Covering both the fundamentals and the in-depth topics related to Verilog digital design, both students and experts can benefit from reading this book by gaining a comprehensive understanding of how modern electronic products are designed and implemented. Principles of Verilog Digital Design contains many hands-on examples accompanied by RTL codes that together can bring a beginner into the digital design realm without needing too much background in the subject area. This book has a particular focus on how to transform design concepts into physical implementations using architecture and timing diagrams. Common mistakes a beginner or even an experienced engineer can make are summarized and addressed as well. Beyond the legal details of Verilog codes, the book additionally presents what uses Verilog codes have through some pertinent design principles. Moreover, students reading this book will gain knowledge about system-level design concepts. Several ASIC designs are illustrated in detail as well. In addition to design principles and skills, modern design methodology and how it is carried out in practice today are explored in depth as well.

This volume provides informative chapters on the emerging issues, challenges, and new methods and state-of-the-art technologies on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology. It presents case studies and solutions that can be applied in the current business scenario, resolving challenges and providing solutions by integrating IoT with blockchain technology. The chapters discuss how the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a revolution of the Internet that can connect nearly all environment devices over the Internet to share data to create novel services and applications for improving quality of life. Although the centralized IoT system provides countless benefits, it raises several challenges. The volume presents IoT techniques and methodologies, blockchain techniques and methodologies, and case studies and applications for data mining algorithms, heart rate monitoring, climate prediction, disease prediction, security issues, automotive supply chains, voting prediction, forecasting particulate matter pollution, customer relationship management, and more.

This book presents an innovative concept for designing a 400 kV double circuit composite tower. The major challenges encountered by the authors in the electrical design process of the composite tower are addressed. They concern material selection for the full composite cross-arm core, electrical insulation of the cross-arm, electrical dimensioning of the full composite tower, lightning shielding performance and failure of the full composite tower. The electric field performance of the tower's insulation has been investigated theoretically by using finite element method and experimentally by testing different fiber reinforced polymers as candidates. The book reports in detail those finite element simulations and tests, together with the authors' recommendations on the most suitable materials and manufacturing process as well as conductor clamp designs for the cross-arm. Another important issue of the full composite tower, which concerns the environmental aspects of the full composite tower, has also been evaluated. This book offers a timely reference guide on a highly innovative topic, addressing researchers working on power transmission system both in industry and academia.

The era of Sustainable and Energy Efficient Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems has come. The research and development on Scalable and 3D integrated Diversified functions together with new computing architectures is in full swing. Besides data processing, data storage, new sensing modes and communication capabilities need the revision of process architecture to enable the Heterogeneous co integration of add-on devices with CMOS: the new defined functions and paradigms open the way to Augmented Nanosystems. The choices for future breakthroughs will request the study of new devices, circuits and computing architectures and to take new unexplored paths including as well new materials and integration schmes. This book reviews in two sections, including seven chapters, essential modules to build Diversified Nanosystems based on Nanoelectronics and finally how they pave the way to the definition of Nanofunctions for Augmented Nanosystems.

Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things: Future Directions and Applications explores a wide range of important and real-time issues and applications in this ever-advancing field. Different types of WSN and IoT technologies are discussed in order to provide a strong framework of reference, and the volume places an emphasis on solutions to the challenges of protection, conservation, evaluation, and implementation of WSN and IoT that lead to low-cost products, energy savings, low carbon usage, higher quality, and global competitiveness. The volume is divided into four sections that cover: Wireless sensor networks and their relevant applications Smart monitoring and control systems with the Internet of Things Attacks, threats, vulnerabilities, and defensive measures for smart systems Research challenges and opportunities This collection of chapters on an important and diverse range of issues presents case studies and applications of cutting-edge technologies of WSN and IoT that will be valuable for academic communities in computer science, information technology, and electronics, including cyber security, monitoring, and data collection. The informative material presented here can be applied to many sectors, including agriculture, energy and power, resource management, biomedical and health care, business management, and others.