Most of the business sectors consider the Digital Twin concept as the next big thing in the industry. A current state analysis of their digital counterparts helps in the prediction of the future of physical assets. Organizations obtain better insights on their product performance through the implementation of Digital Twins, and the applications of the technology are frequently in sectors such as manufacturing, automobile, retail, health care, smart cities, industrial IoT, etc. This book explores the latest developments and covers the significant challenges, issues, and advances in Digital Twin Technology. It will be an essential resource for anybody involved in related industries, as well as anybody interested in learning more about this nascent technology. This book includes: The future, present, and past of Digital Twin Technology. Digital twin technologies across the Internet of Drones, which developed various perceptive and autonomous capabilities, towards different control strategies such as object detection, navigation, security, collision avoidance, and backup. These approaches help to deal with the expansive growth of big data solutions. The recent digital twin concept in agriculture, which offers the vertical framing by IoT installation development to enhance the problematic food supply situation. It also allows for significant energy savings practices. It is highly required to overcome those challenges in developing advanced imaging methods of disease detection & prediction to achieve more accuracy in large land areas of crops. The welfare of upcoming archetypes such as digitalization in forensic analysis. The ideas of digital twin have arisen to style the corporeal entity and associated facts reachable software and customers over digital platforms. Wind catchers as earth building: Digital Twins vs. green sustainable architecture.

The electronic device based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) structure is the most important component of a large-scale integrated circuit, and is therefore a fundamental building block of the information society. Indeed, high quality MOS structure is the key to achieving high performance devices and integrated circuits. Meanwhile, the control of interface physics, process and characterization methods determine the quality of MOS structure. This book tries to answer five key questions: Why are high-performance integrated circuits bonded together so closely with MOS structure? Which physical phenomena occur in MOS structure? How do these phenomena affect the performance of MOS structure? How can we observe and quantify these phenomena scientifically? How to control the above phenomena through process? Principles are explained based on common experimental phenomena, from sensibility to rationality, via abundant experimental examples focusing on MOS structure, including specific experimental steps with a strong level of operability. This book will be an essential reference for engineers in semiconductor related fields and academics and postgraduates within the field of microelectronics.

Fully up to date with the latest IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671) Provides easy to read and ready reference guidance on the Regulations without having to wade through the Regs themselves Handy Pocket Book format

Sensors and measurement systems is an introduction to microsensors for engineering students in the final undergraduate or early graduate level, technicians who wants to know more about the systems they are using, and anybody curious enough to know what microsystems and microsensors can do. The book discusses five families of sensors: - Thermal sensors - Force and pressure sensors - Inertial sensors - Magnetic field sensors - Flow sensors For each sensor, theoretical, technology and application aspects are examined. The sensor function is modelled to understand sensitivity, resolution and noise. We ask ourselves: What do we want to measure? What are possible applications? How are the sensor chips made in the cleanroom? How are they mounted and integrated in a system? After reading this book, you should be able to: - Understand important thermal, mechanical, inertial and magnetic sensors - Work with characterization parameters for sensors - Choose sensors for a given application and apply them - Understand micromachining technologies for sensors

Up to 70% and even more of corporate Analytics Efforts fail!!! Even after these corporations have made very large investments, in time, talent, and money, in developing what they thought were good data and analytics programs. Why? Because the executives and decision makers and the entire analytics team have not considered the most important aspect of making these analytics efforts successful. In this Book II of "It's All Analytics!" series, we describe two primary things: 1) What this "most important aspect" consists of, and 2) How to get this "most important aspect" at the center of the analytics effort and thus make your analytics program successful. This Book II in the series is divided into three main parts: Part I, Organizational Design for Success, discusses ....... The need for a complete company / organizational Alignment of the entire company and its analytics team for making its analytics successful. This means attention to the culture - the company culture culture!!! To be successful, the CEO's and Decision Makers of a company / organization must be fully cognizant of the cultural focus on 'establishing a center of excellence in analytics'. Simply, "culture - company culture" is the most important aspect of a successful analytics program. The focus must be on innovation, as this is needed by the analytics team to develop successful algorithms that will lead to greater company efficiency and increased profits. Part II, Data Design for Success, discusses ..... Data is the cornerstone of success with analytics. You can have the best analytics algorithms and models available, but if you do not have good data, efforts will at best be mediocre if not a complete failure. This Part II also goes further into data with descriptions of things like Volatile Data Memory Storage and Non-Volatile Data Memory Storage, in addition to things like data structures and data formats, plus considering things like Cluster Computing, Data Swamps, Muddy Data, Data Marts, Enterprise Data Warehouse, Data Reservoirs, and Analytic Sandboxes, and additionally Data Virtualization, Curated Data, Purchased Data, Nascent & Future Data, Supplemental Data, Meaningful Data, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) & Geo Analytics Data, Graph Databases, and Time Series Databases. Part II also considers Data Governance including Data Integrity, Data Security, Data Consistency, Data Confidence, Data Leakage, Data Distribution, and Data Literacy. Part III, Analytics Technology Design for Success, discusses .... Analytics Maturity and aspects of this maturity, like Exploratory Data Analysis, Data Preparation, Feature Engineering, Building Models, Model Evaluation, Model Selection, and Model Deployment. Part III also goes into the nuts and bolts of modern predictive analytics, discussing such terms as AI = Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and the more traditional aspects of analytics that feed into modern analytics like Statistics, Forecasting, Optimization, and Simulation. Part III also goes into how to Communicate and Act upon Analytics, which includes building a successful Analytics Culture within your company / organization. All-in-all, if your company or organization needs to be successful using analytics, this book will give you the basics of what you need to know to make it happen.

Addresses real-world challenges in using AI Covers the entire AI process in a holistic manner Explains the technical issues in an easy to use manner Provides real-world examples of AI enablement Addresses the challenges of complex enterprises, coalitions and consortia Avoids the hype, with balanced perspective on benefits and drawbacks of AI

Explains the influence of InAs material in the performance of HEMTs and MOS-HEMTs Covers novel indium arsenide architectures for achieving terahertz frequencies Discusses impact of device parameters on frequency response Illustrates noise characterization of optimized indium arsenide HEMTs Introduces terahertz electronics including sources for terahertz applications

Covers evolutionary approaches to solve optimization problems in biomedical engineering. Discusses IoT, Cloud computing, data analytics in healthcare informatics. Provides computational intelligence-based solution for diagnosis of diseases. Reviews modelling and simulations in designing of biomedical equipment. Promotes machine learning based approaches to improvements in biomedical engineering problems.

This is the book, in which the subject matter is dealt from elementary to the advance level in a unique manner. Three outstanding features can be claimed for the book viz. (i) style; the student, while going through the pages would feel as if he is attending a class room. (ii) language: that an average student can follow and (iii) approach: it takes the student from ''known to unknown'' and ''simple to complex.'' The book is reader friendly, thought provoking and stimulating. It helps in clearing cobwebs of the mind. The style is lucid and un-adulterated. Unnecessary mathematics has been avoided. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

covers advanced subjects in electric machines, starting from principles, to applications and case studies with ample graphical (numerical) results includes notable recent knowledge with strong industrialization potential, such as orthogonal models of multiphase A.C. machines, thermal Finite Element Analysis of (FEA) electric machines, FEA-based-only optimal design of a PM motor case study includes case studies and numerical examples throughout the book includes numerous computer simulation programs in MATLAB and Simulink (R)

Every engineer must eventually face their first daunting design project. Scheduling, organization, budgeting, prototyping: all can be overwhelming in the short time given to complete the project. While there are resources available on project management and the design process, many are focused too narrowly on specific topics or areas of engineering. Practical Engineering Design presents a complete overview of the design project and beyond for any engineering discipline, including sections on how to protect intellectual property rights and suggestions for turning the project into a business. An outgrowth of the editors' broad experience teaching the capstone Engineering Design course, Practical Engineering Design reflects the most pressing and often-repeated questions with a set of guidelines for the entire process. The editors present two sample project reports and presentations in the appendix and refer to them throughout the book, using examples and critiques to demonstrate specific suggestions for improving the quality of writing and presentation. Real-world examples demonstrate how to formulate schedules and budgets, and generous references in each chapter offer direction to more in-depth information. Whether for a co-op assignment or your first project on the job, this is the most comprehensive guide available for deciding where to begin, organizing the team, budgeting time and resources, and, most importantly, completing the project successfully.

This book gathers key advances in various areas related to using wireless Internet and wireless connectivity to achieve a more connected world. The world is now highly dependent on Internet connectivity. Even though some parts of the globe remain isolated, the smoothly running world all around us relies on Internet services for countless businesses and activities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen that exclusively relying on wired Internet would leave out a large part of our tech-savvy world. Hence, wireless connectivity is essential to anywhere, anytime connectivity. Further, in the event of a new pandemic or other disaster of global scale, wireless Internet offers a reliable way to keep us all connected. The contributors to this book, hailing from academia, industrial and research laboratories, report on the latest solutions, trends and technologies with the potential to make wireless Internet more reliable and secure for the years to come.

Intelligent Support for Computer Science Education presents the authors' research journey into the effectiveness of human tutoring, with the goal of developing educational technology that can be used to improve introductory Computer Science education at the undergraduate level. Nowadays, Computer Science education is central to the concerns of society, as attested by the penetration of information technology in all aspects of our lives; consequently, in the last few years interest in Computer Science at all levels of schooling, especially at the college level, has been flourishing. However, introductory concepts in Computer Science such as data structures and recursion are difficult for novices to grasp. Key Features: Includes a comprehensive and succinct overview of the Computer Science education landscape at all levels of education. Provides in-depth analysis of one-on-one human tutoring dialogues in introductory Computer Science at college level. Describes a scalable, plug-in based Intelligent Tutoring System architecture, portable to different topics and pedagogical strategies. Presents systematic, controlled evaluation of different versions of the system in ecologically valid settings (18 actual classes and their laboratory sessions). Provides a time-series analysis of student behavior when interacting with the system. This book will be of special interest to the Computer Science education community, specifically instructors of introductory courses at the college level, and Advanced Placement (AP) courses at the high school level. Additionally, all the authors' work is relevant to the Educational Technology community, especially to those working in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, their interfaces, and Educational Data Mining, in particular as applied to human-human pedagogical interactions and to user interaction with educational software.

This book offers a unique multidisciplinary integration of the physics of turbulence and remote sensing technology. Remote Sensing of Turbulence provides a new vision on the research of turbulence and summarizes the current and future challenges of monitoring turbulence remotely. The book emphasizes sophisticated geophysical applications, detection, and recognition of complex turbulent flows in oceans and the atmosphere. Through several techniques based on microwave and optical/IR observations, the text explores the technological capabilities and tools for the detection of turbulence, their signatures, and variability. FEATURES Covers the fundamental aspects of turbulence problems with a broad geophysical scope for a wide audience of readers Provides a complete description of remote-sensing capabilities for observing turbulence in the earth's environment Establishes the state-of-the-art remote-sensing techniques and methods of data analysis for turbulence detection Investigates and evaluates turbulence detection signatures, their properties, and variability Provides cutting-edge remote-sensing applications for space-based monitoring and forecasts of turbulence in oceans and the atmosphere This book is a great resource for applied physicists, the professional remote sensing community, ecologists, geophysicists, and earth scientists.

This book covers the topics on cyber security in IoT systems used in different verticals such as agriculture, health, homes, transportation within the context of smart cities. The authors provide an analysis of the importance of developing smart cities by incorporating technologies such as IoT to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) within the agenda 2030. Furthermore, it includes an analysis of the cyber security challenges generated by IoT systems due to factors such as heterogeneity, lack of security in design and few hardware resources in these systems, and how they should be addressed from a risk analysis approach, evaluating the risk analysis methodologies widely used in traditional IT systems.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has drawn considerable attention as an attractive inorganic raw material for various applications due to its inexpensiveness, nontoxic nature, stability, and excellent photocatalytic activity. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising route for sustainable chemistry of the 21st century. It can contribute to solving environmental, global energy, and chemical problems, as well as to the sustainable production of commodities in the near future. This book presents the fundamentals of photocatalysis in nanostructured TiO2 and describes the factors affecting the photocatalytic activity, design, and synthesis of various forms of nanostructured TiO2. It highlights the use of ion-doping and inert-atmosphere annealing to extend the light-absorption range of photocatalysts and reduce recombination between electrons and holes. It discusses numerous applications in the fields of energy and environment, such as water purification, gas sensing, storage and delivery, and energy generation. The book is an invaluable resource and useful guide for a broad readership in various fields of catalysis, materials science, environment, and energy.

It is becoming increasingly important to design and develop adaptive, robust, scalable, reliable, security and privacy mechanisms for IoT applications and for Industry 4.0 related concerns. This book serves as a useful guide for researchers and industry professionals and will help beginners to learn the basics to the more advanced topics. Along with exploring security and privacy issues through the IoT ecosystem and examining its implications to the real-world, this book addresses cryptographic tools and techniques and presents the basic and high-level concepts that can serve as guidance for those in the industry as well as help beginners get a handle on both the basic and advanced aspects of security related issues. The book goes on to cover major challenges, issues, and advances in IoT and discusses data processing as well as applications for solutions, and assists in developing self-adaptive cyberphysical security systems that will help with issues brought about by new technologies within IoT and Industry 4.0. This edited book discusses the evolution of IoT and Industry 4.0 and brings security and privacy related technological tools and techniques onto a single platform so that researchers, industry professionals, graduate, postgraduate students, and academicians can easily understand the security, privacy, challenges and opportunity concepts and make then ready to use for applications in IoT and Industry 4.0.

This book demonstrates how to use functions of a complex variable to solve engineering problems that obey the 2D Laplace equation (and in some cases the 2D Poisson equation). The book was written with the engineer/physicist in mind and the majority of the book focuses on electrostatics. A key benefit of the complex variable approach to electrostatics is the visualization of field lines through the use of field maps. With todays' powerful computers and mathematical software programs, field maps are easily generated once the complex potential has been determined. Additionally, problems that would have been considered out of scope previously are now easily solved with these mathematical software programs. For example, solutions requiring the use of non-elementary functions such as elliptic and hypergeometric functions would have been viewed as not practical in the past due to the tedious use of look up tables for evaluation. Now, elliptic and hypergeometric functions are built-in functions for most mathematical software programs making their evaluation as easy as a trigonometric function. Key highlights in the book include 2D electrostatics completely formulated in terms of complex variables More than 60 electrostatic field maps Comprehensive treatment for obtaining Green's functions with conformal mapping Fully worked Schwarz-Christoffel transformations to more than usual number of problems A full chapter devoted to solving practical problems at an advanced level Detailed solutions to all end of chapter problems available on book's website Although the text is primarily self-contained, the reader is assumed to have taken differential and integral calculus and introductory courses in complex variables and electromagnetics.

The unique properties of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in magnetodielectric solids are widely used to create highly efficient analog information processing devices in the microwave range. Such devices include filters, delay lines, phase shifters, non-reciprocal and non-linear devices, and others. This book examines magnetic resonance and ferromagnetic resonance under a wide variety of conditions to study physical properties of magnetodielectric materials. The authors explore the properties in various mediums that significantly complicate magnetic resonance and provide a summary of related advances obtained during the last two decades. It also covers the emergence of new branches of the spectrum and anomalous dependencies on the magnetic field. Key Features: Reviews basic principles of the science of crystallographic symmetry and anisotropic solid-state properties Addresses the inhomogeneous nature of the distribution of the magnetization in the material being studied Explains the mathematic methods used in the calculation of anisotropic solids of a solid Provides the reader with a path to substitute electromagnetic waves when magnetostatic apparatus prove insufficient

New to the Third Edition New chapter on the Multi-Level Adaptive Cross Approximation (MLACA) New chapter on very large radiation and scattering problems that could not be solved prior to implementing of ACA Thoroughly updated chapter on Fast Multipole Method (FMM), as well as the Multi-Level Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA).

This book combines the experience and achievements in engineering practice of the China Academy of Space Technology, Xi'an, with a focus on the field of high-power multipactor over recent decades. It introduces the main concepts, theories, methods and latest technologies of multipactor simulation, at both the theoretical level and as a process of engineering, while providing a comprehensive introduction to the outstanding progress made in the research technology of multipactor numerical simulation in China. At the same time, a three-dimensional numerical simulation method of multipactor for typical high-power microwave components of spacecraft is introduced. This book is an essential volume for engineers in the field of high-power microwave technology. It can also be used as a reference for researchers in related fields, or as a teaching reference book for graduate students majoring in Astronautics at colleges and universities.

Provides insight into the skill set that requires leveraging strength to move further to act as a good data analyst Discusses how big data along with deep learning holds the potential to significantly increase data understanding and in turn, helps to make decisions Covers the numerous potential applications in healthcare, education, communications, media, and the entertainment industry Offers innovative platforms for integrating big data and deep learning Presents issues related to adequate data storage, sematic indexing, data tagging, and fast information retrieval from big data

Provides background for design and development of metamaterial structures using novel unit cells. Gives in-depth performance study of miniaturization of microstrip antennas. Discusses design and development of both transmission and reflection types metasurfaces and their practical applications. Verifies a variety of Metamaterial structures and Metasurfaces experimentally

High-k Materials in Multi-Gate FET Devices focuses on high-k materials for advanced FET devices. It discusses emerging challenges in the engineering and applications and considers issues with associated technologies. It covers the various way of utilizing high-k dielectrics in multi-gate FETs for enhancing their performance at the device as well as circuit level. Provides basic knowledge about FET devices Presents the motivation behind multi-gate FETs, including current and future trends in transistor technologies Discusses fabrication and characterization of high-k materials Contains a comprehensive analysis of the impact of high-k dielectrics utilized in the gate-oxide and the gate-sidewall spacers on the GIDL of emerging multi-gate FET architectures Offers detailed application of high-k materials for advanced FET devices Considers future research directions This book is of value to researchers in materials science, electronics engineering, semiconductor device modeling, IT, and related disciplines studying nanodevices such as FinFET and Tunnel FET and device-circuit codesign issues.

This market leading classic is a true comprehensive on-the-job reference, covering all aspects of getting electricity from the source to user via the power grid. Electric power transmission and distribution is a huge sector, and engineers require the real world guidance of this book in order to upgrade networks to handle smart and renewable sources of power. This new edition covers renewable and distributed energy developments, international regulatory compliance issues with coverage of IEC standards, and new key conversions to US based standards and terminologies

Utilising examples from real-life systems and challenges, this book clearly and succinctly outlines fundamental knowledge requirements for working in this area. Written by engineers for engineers, theory is tied to current best-practice, and new chapters cover hot topics including DC Transmission, Smart Networks and bringing renewable sources into the grid. Particularly useful for power engineers starting out on their career, this new edition ensures Bayliss remains an essential tool of the trade for all engineers, technicians, managers and planners involved in electricity supply and industrial electricity usage.

Praise for this edition:

The challenges today for those undertaking transmission and distribution system new build projects, existing system extensions, or refurbishment and life extension of older equipment, are as great as ever Leading, as I do, the transmission and distribution business of international and well recognised engineering consultancy Mott MacDonald, I see this book as being useful to clients and contractors as well as others such as industry regulators, environmentalists, and government officials. This book enables those in the field of transmission and distribution electrical engineering to have a well founded understanding of the key principles, the methodologies and current best practice.

Peter Black, Director, Mott MacDonald Limited

*Updated to ensure that the book continues to deliver all the fundamental knowledge requirements of practicing power engineers in a single volume.

*High profile authors with extensive career-long knowledge of the industry.

*30% new and revised content includes new chapters on renewable and distributed energy sources

*Expanded coverage of power quality, latest EMC standards and requirements, earthing and bonding, surge protection, line design and switchgear developments"