This book covers robust optimization theory and applications in the electricity sector. The advantage of robust optimization with respect to other methodologies for decision making under uncertainty are first discussed. Then, the robust optimization theory is covered in a friendly and tutorial manner. Finally, a number of insightful short- and long-term applications pertaining to the electricity sector are considered. Specifically, the book includes: robust set characterization, robust optimization, adaptive robust optimization, hybrid robust-stochastic optimization, applications to short- and medium-term operations problems in the electricity sector, and applications to long-term investment problems in the electricity sector. Each chapter contains end-of-chapter problems, making it suitable for use as a text. The purpose of the book is to provide a self-contained overview of robust optimization techniques for decision making under uncertainty in the electricity sector. The targeted audience includes industrial and power engineering students and practitioners in energy fields. The young field of robust optimization is reaching maturity in many respects. It is also useful for practitioners, as it provides a number of electricity industry applications described up to working algorithms (in JuliaOpt).

The impact of the proposed book is to provide a significant area of concern to develop a foundation for the implementation process renewable energy system with intelligent techniques. The researchers working on a renewable energy system can correlate their work with intelligent and machine learning approaches. To make aware of the international standards for intelligent renewable energy systems design, reliability and maintenance. To give better incites of the solar cell, biofuels, wind and other renewable energy system design and characterization, including the equipment for smart energy systems.

This book presents advances in control technologies for efficient operation of the brushless doubly-fed induction generator (BDFIG). For robust and low-cost operation of BDFIGs, it is required to keep high-quality output voltage and eliminate the speed/position encoder under different loads and operation conditions. Some advanced control technologies, from the authors' latest work on these topics, are presented to achieve this goal with simple and accurate texts, illustrations, and tables. The qualified outcomes obtained from this book assure the high-performance operation of BDFIGs and also give the readers a straight insight toward challenges in this research area in the future.

This book discusses the innovative design, cable-net design and analysis, control, deployment, development and applications of large space-deployable antennas. Drawing on the authors' own work in this field, it describes and analyzes various typical deployable antennas, membrane antennas and super-large space-assembled antennas, while chiefly focusing on mesh antennas due to their wide range of applications. It also investigates forming-finding design and the analysis of cable-truss structures for high-precision reflector antennas, as well as deployment process control and deployment reliability based on flexible multibody dynamic analysis. The book covers not only mechanical structure performance, but also electromagnetic performance realization and stability. Lastly, it proposes an electrical equivalent method for mesh reflector antennas and a coupling model for the structural displacement field and electrostatic field. Given the nature of its content, the book is intended for researchers, graduate students and engineers in the field of space antennas.

Explores the potential for disruptive technologies in different industries Addresses the challenges associated with the practical implementation or adoption of disruptive technologies Discusses topics related to IoT, Machine Learning, Sensors, Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing for Industry 4.0 and 5.0 Includes examples of the implementation of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 in various sectors, including engineering Contains many case studies for easy comprehension.

Provides a comprehensive and unified treatment of radiation and propagation problems Presents a detailed explanation in the use of Green functions, the Watson transformation and the method of steepest descent as they apply to electromagnetic problems Demonstrates various advanced mathematical techniques used in the evaluation of the electromagnetic fields Details how to formulate and obtain a closed-form solution or an asymptotic solution Includes appendices for Bessel, Legendre, Airy and Error functions

This book is the very first book-length study devoted to the advances in technological development and systems research in cooperative economics. The chapters provide, first of all, a coherent framework for understanding and applying the concepts and approaches of complexity and systems science for the advanced study of cooperative networks and particular cooperative enterprises and communities. Second, the book serves as a unique source of reliable information on the frontier information technologies available for the production, consumer, credit, and agricultural cooperative enterprises, discussing predominant strategies, potential drivers of change, and responses to complex problems. Given the diverse range of backgrounds and advanced research results, researchers, decision-makers, and stakeholders from all fields of cooperative economics in any country of the world will undoubtedly benefit from this book.

Thanks to rapid technological developments in terms of Computational Intelligence, smart tools have been playing active roles in daily life. It is clear that the 21st century has brought about many advantages in using high-level computation and communication solutions to deal with real-world problems; however, more technologies bring more changes to society. In this sense, the concept of smart cities has been a widely discussed topic in terms of society and Artificial Intelligence-oriented research efforts. The rise of smart cities is a transformation of both community and technology use habits, and there are many different research orientations to shape a better future. The objective of this book is to focus on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in smart city development. As recently designed, advanced smart systems require intense use of complex computational solutions (i.e., Deep Learning, Big Data, IoT architectures), the mechanisms of these systems become 'black-box' to users. As this means that there is no clear clue about what is going on within these systems, anxieties regarding ensuring trustworthy tools also rise. In recent years, attempts have been made to solve this issue with the additional use of XAI methods to improve transparency levels. This book provides a timely, global reference source about cutting-edge research efforts to ensure the XAI factor in smart city-oriented developments. The book includes both positive and negative outcomes, as well as future insights and the societal and technical aspects of XAI-based smart city research efforts. This book contains nineteen contributions beginning with a presentation of the background of XAI techniques and sustainable smart-city applications. It then continues with chapters discussing XAI for Smart Healthcare, Smart Education, Smart Transportation, Smart Environment, Smart Urbanization and Governance, and Cyber Security for Smart Cities.

Proposes an integrative approach combining Human Factors Expertise with Automotive Engineering Develops an in-depth case study of design a fuel-efficient driving intervention Offers an examination of an innovative study of feed-forward eco-driving advice based on current vehicle and road environment status Presents lessons and insights gained from the current work and can be applied across domains Utilizes a documented scientific and research lead approach to designing novel speed advisory and fuel use minimisation systems suitable for combustion vehicles, hybrids, and electric vehicles

Provide a fundamental overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, its effects on the environment and other electronic goods, novel materials used for its mitigation. Includes comprehensive overview of the sources and effects of EM radiations. Explains synthesis, characterization methods, and properties of materials used to protect against the radiation. Gives an insight into the physics of EMI shielding and its associated mechanism. Examines the current state of the art and new challenges in this area

* describes new advances in development of detection systems based on CdZnTe (CZT) and CdTe detectors utilizing a direct conversion of radiation to electric signals * reports a recent progress in technologies and performance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) used for reading the light from scintillators * explores exciting new application opportunities created by development of the cutting-edge detection technologies in X-ray spectroscopy, Computed Tomography (CT), bone dosimetry, and nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT) * considers the future use of photon counting detectors in clinical computed tomography (CT) scanners providing K-edge imaging to reduce the amount of contrast agents and ultimately offering both an anatomical and a functional information * describes, uses of radiation detection systems in security applications such as luggage scanning, dirty bomb detection, and border control

As technology continues to advance and the interconnection of various devices makes our lives easier, it also puts us at further risk of privacy and security threats. Phones can connect to household devices to help set alarms, turn on or off the lights, and even preheat ovens. The Internet of Things (IoT) is this symbiotic interplay of smart devices that collect data and make intelligent decisions. However, the lack of an intrinsic security measure within IoT makes it especially vulnerable to privacy and security threats. Blockchain and IoT Integration highlights how Blockchain, an encrypted, distributed computer filing system, can be used to help protect IoT against such privacy and security breaches. The merger of IoT and blockchain technology is a step towards creating a verifiable, secure, and permanent method of recording data processed by "smart" machines. The text explores the platforms and applications of blockchain-enabled IoT as well as helps clarify how to strengthen the IoT security found in healthcare systems as well as private homes. Other highlights of the book include: Overview of the blockchain architecture Blockchain to secure IoT data Blockchain to secure drug supply chain and combat counterfeits Blockchain IoT concepts for smart grids, smart cities, and smart homes A biometric-based blockchain enabled payment system IoT for smart healthcare monitoring systems

Artificial Intelligence: Technologies, Applications, and Challenges is an invaluable resource for readers to explore the utilization of Artificial Intelligence, applications, challenges, and its underlying technologies in different applications areas. Using a series of present and future applications, such as indoor-outdoor securities, graphic signal processing, robotic surgery, image processing, character recognition, augmented reality, object detection and tracking, intelligent traffic monitoring, emergency department medical imaging, and many more, this publication will support readers to get deeper knowledge and implementing the tools of Artificial Intelligence. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Rise of the machines and communications to IoT (3G, 5G). Tools and Technologies of Artificial Intelligence Real-time applications of artificial intelligence using machine learning and deep learning. Challenging Issues and Novel Solutions for realistic applications Mining and tracking of motion based object data image processing and analysis into the unified framework to understand both IoT and Artificial Intelligence-based applications. This book will be an ideal resource for IT professionals, researchers, under or post-graduate students, practitioners, and technology developers who are interested in gaining insight to the Artificial Intelligence with deep learning, IoT and machine learning, critical applications domains, technologies, and solutions to handle relevant challenges.

Black phosphorus (BP)-based two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are used as components in practical industrial applications in biomedicine, electronics, and photonics. There is a need to controllably shape engineered scalable structures of 2D BP building blocks, and their assembly/organization is desired for the formation of three-dimensional (3D) forms such as macro and hybrid architectures, as it is expected that these architectures will deliver even better materials performance in applications. Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture provides an overview of the various synthetic strategies for 2D BP single-layer nanomaterials, their scalable synthesis, properties, and assemblies into 3D architecture. The book covers defect engineering and physical properties of black phosphorous; describes different strategies for the development of 2D nanostructures of BP with other species such as polymers, organic molecules, and other inorganic materials; offers a comparative study of 3D BP structures with other 3D architectures such as dichalcogenides (TMDs, graphene, and boron nitride); and discusses in detail applications of 3D macrostructures of BP in various fields such as energy, biomedical, and catalysis. This is an essential reference for researchers and advanced students in materials science and chemical, optoelectronic, and electrical engineering.

Provides insights from experienced academicians on the digitalization of education Discusses how to enhance the quality of education in higher education institutes Covers how to transform the traditional education to digital education Presents the latest tools being used to conduct contactless classes, assessment, tracking performance, providing feedback, and carrying out assignments and projects. Offers the ability to be able to learn the latest on virtual classrooms and laboratories.

This book provides an integrated solution for security and safety in the home, covering both assistance in health monitoring and safety from strangers/intruders who want to enter the home with harmful intentions. It defines a system whereby recognition of a person/stranger at the door is done using three modules: Face Recognition, Voice Recognition and Similarity Index. These three modules are taken together to provide a percentage likelihood that the individual is in the "known" or "unknown" category. The system can also continuously monitor the health parameters of a vulnerable person living alone at home and aid them in calling for help in an emergency. The authors have analyzed a number of existing biometric techniques to provide security for an individual living alone at home. These biometric techniques have been tested using MATLAB (R) image processing and signal processing toolboxes, and results have been calculated on the basis of recognition rate. A major contribution in providing security is a hybrid algorithm proposed by the author named PICA, which combines features of both PCA (Principle Component Analysis) and ICA (Independent Component Analysis) algorithms. This hybrid approach gives better performance recognition than either system alone. The second proposed hybrid algorithm for voice recognition is named as a MFRASTA algorithm by combining features of MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient) and RASTA-PLP (RelAtive SpecTrA-Perceptual Linear Prediction) algorithm. After performing experiments, results are collected on the basis of recognition rate. The authors have also proposed a third technique named as a Similarity Index to provide trust-based security for an individual. This technique is text independent in which a person is recognized by pronunciation, frequency, tone, pitch, etc., irrespective of the content spoken by the person. By combining these three techniques, a high recognition rate is provided to the person at the door and high security to the individual living independently at home. In the final contribution, the authors have proposed a fingertip-based application for health monitoring by using the concept of sensors. This application is developed using iPhone 6's camera. When a person puts their fingertip on a camera lens, with the help of brightness of the skin, the person's heartbeat will be monitored. This is possible even with a low-quality camera. In case of any emergency, text messages will be sent to the family members of the individual living alone by using 3G Dongle and MATLAB tool. Results show that the proposed work outperforms all the existing techniques used in face recognition, voice recognition, and health monitoring alone.

Provides a glimpse of the recent developments in metamaterial research Introduces new metamaterial designs to be used in the microwave and optical regimes Discusses the usefulness of new designs in developing absorbers and/or sensors Explores the platforms for future technology of embedded systems

This book highlights all aspects of innovative 21st-century education technologies and skills which can enhance the teaching and learning process on a broader spectrum, based on best practices around the globe. It offers case studies on real problems involving higher education, it includes policies that need to be adaptable to the new environments such as the role of accreditation, online learning, MOOCs, and mobile-based learning. The book covers all aspects of the digital competencies of teachers to fulfill the required needs of 21st-century classrooms and uses a new pedagogical approach suitable for educational policies. Innovative Education Technologies for 21st Teaching and Learning is the first book that addresses the teaching and learning challenges and how those challenges can be mitigated by technology which educational institutions are facing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is suitable for teachers, students, instructional and course designers, policymakers, and anyone interested in 21st-century education.

This book presents papers from HealthyIoT 2018, the fifth edition of an international scientific event series dedicated to Internet of Things and Healthcare. The papers discuss leveraging a set of existing and emerging technologies, notions and services that can provide many solutions to delivery of electronic healthcare, patient care, and medical data management. HealthyIoT brings together technology experts, researchers, industry and international authorities contributing towards the design, development and deployment of healthcare solutions based on IoT technologies, standards, and procedures. HealthyIoT 2018 is part of the 4th annual Smart City 360 Summit, promoting multidisciplinary scientific collaboration to solve complex societal, technological and economic problems of emerging Smart Cities. The event is endorsed by the European Alliance for Innovation, an international professional community-based organisation devoted to the advancement of innovation in the field of ICT. Features practical, tested applications in IoT for healthcare; Includes application domains such as eHealth Systems, smart textiles, smart caring environments, telemedicine, wellness, and health management, etc; Applicable to researchers, academics, students, and professionals.

This book presents a numerical scheme for the solution of field problems governed by partial differential equations: the cell method. The technique lends itself naturally to the solution of multiphysics problems with several interacting phenomena. The Cell Method, based on a space-time tessellation, is intimately related to the work of Tonti and to his ideas of classification diagrams or, as they are nowadays called, Tonti diagrams: a graphical representation of the problem's equations made possible by a suitable selection of a space-time framework relating physical variables to each other. The main features of the cell method are presented and links with many other discrete numerical methods (finite integration techniques, finite difference time domain, finite volumes, mimetic finite differences, etc.) are discussed. After outlining the theoretical basis of the method, a set of physical problems which have been solved with the cell method is described. These single and multiphysics problems stem from the authors' research experience in the fields of electromagnetism, elasticity, thermo-elasticity and others. Finally, the implementation of the numerical technique is described in all its main components: space-time discretization, problem formulation, solution and representation of the resulting physical fields.

Provides a structured look, at the unique characteristic for smart sensor networks to resolving the issues of many real-world applications in a broad range of areas such as Smart Healthcare, Engineering, Scientific Research, Social Media, Industrial Automation and more Offers a systematic look at the unique characteristics of AI based wireless sensor networks through their usage in a broad range of areas Delivers recent trends and core concepts in both analytics and application in smart sensor networks using AI Explores the development and application of AI and evolutionary computing as applied to wireless sensor networks Focuses on stepwise discussion, exhaustive literature review, detailed analysis and discussion, rigorous experimentation result and an application-oriented approach.

The book provides a comprehensive overview of Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Converters from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Based on the authors' in-depth research, the volume covers not only conventional SIMO DC-DC converters but also the new generations of SIMO such as SIMO AC-DC converters, SIMO DC-AC converters (or SIMO inverters), and the latest SIMO hybrid converters. This book offers a holistic and systematic presentation of all types of SIMO converters, encompassing the derivation of the circuit topologies, the definition of key concepts, detailed discussion of theoretical underpinnings, design methodology and control schemes, as well as design considerations and techniques that enable practical implementation. Specific examples of real-world applications of SIMO converters are also provided. The volume offers a comprehensive overview and systematic classification of the traditional and modern topologies of SIMO converters in terms of system architecture, circuit analysis, operating principles, control methods, design considerations and practical implementation. Specifically, the book presents the mathematical models and design principles necessary for analyzing the behavior of each kind of SIMO converter, and building upon that, introduces and imparts new approaches and techniques when designing such converters, guiding engineering students and power engineers towards achieving low-cost, compact and energy efficient SIMO converters. offers the design considerations and optimization as well as describing the key applications of SIMO converters. The book fills a significant niche in the power electronics literature and provides a complete perspective on SIMO converters that hopefully can inspire appreciation and better understanding of the subject matter. It can be directly adopted in undergraduate or graduate coursework as well as postgraduate research programs.

Because of unique water properties, humidity affects many living organisms, including humans and materials. Humidity control is important in various fields, from production management to creating a comfortable living environment. The second volume of The Handbook of Humidity Measurement is entirely devoted to the consideration of different types of solid-state devices developed for humidity measurement. This volume discusses the advantages and disadvantages about the capacitive, resistive, gravimetric, hygrometric, field ionization, microwave, Schottky barrier, Kelvin probe, field-effect transistor, solid-state electrochemical, and thermal conductivity-based humidity sensors. Additional features include: Provides a comprehensive analysis of the properties of humidity-sensitive materials, used for the development of such devices. Describes numerous strategies for the fabrication and characterization of humidity sensitive materials and sensing structures used in sensor applications. Explores new approaches proposed for the development of humidity sensors. Considers conventional devices such as phsychometers, gravimetric, mechanical (hair), electrolytic, child mirror hygrometers, etc., which were used for the measurement of humidity for several centuries. Handbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 2: Electronic and Electrical Humidity Sensors provides valuable information for practicing engineers, measurement experts, laboratory technicians, project managers in industries and national laboratories, as well as university students and professors interested in solutions to humidity measurement tasks as well as in understanding fundamentals of any gas sensor operation and development.

Diffractive Nanophotonics demonstrates the utility of the well-established methods of diffractive computer optics in solving nanophotonics tasks. It is concerned with peculiar properties of laser light diffraction by microoptics elements with nanoscale features and light confinement in subwavelength space regions. Written by recognized experts in this field, the book covers in detail a wide variety of advanced methods for the rigorous simulation of light diffraction. The authors apply their expertise to addressing cutting-edge problems in nanophotonics. Chapters consider the basic equations of diffractive nanophotonics and related transformations and numerical methods for solving diffraction problems under strict electromagnetic theory. They examine the diffraction of light on two-dimensional microscopic objects of arbitrary shape and present a numerical method for solving the problem of diffraction on periodic diffractive micro- and nanostructures. This method is used in modern trends in nanophotonics, such as plasmonics, metamaterials, and nanometrology. The book describes the simulation of electromagnetic waves in nanophotonic devices and discusses two methods of calculating the spatial modes of microstructured photonic crystal fibres-a relatively new class of optical fibres with the properties of photonic crystals. The book explains the theory of paraxial and non-paraxial laser beams with axial symmetry and an orbital angular momentum-called vortex beams-which are used for optical trapping and rotating micro- and nanoparticles in a ring in the cross-sectional plane of the beam. The final chapter discusses methods for calculating the force and torque exerted by the electromagnetic field focused onto the microparticle of arbitrary form, whose dimensions are comparable with the wavelength of light.

This second edition is a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of thermoelectric energy conversion. It covers both theory and practice. The book is timely as it refers to the many improvements that have come about in the last few years through the use of nanostructures. The concept of semiconductor thermoelements led to major advances during the second half of the twentieth century, making Peltier refrigeration a widely used technique. The latest materials herald thermoelectric generation as the preferred technique for exploiting low-grade heat. The book shows how progress has been made by increasing the thermal resistivity of the lattice until it is almost as large as it is for glass. It points the way towards the attainment of similar improvements in the electronic parameters. It does not neglect practical considerations, such as the desirability of making thermocouples from inexpensive and environmentally acceptable materials. The second edition was extended to also include recent advances in thermoelectric energy conversion, particularly the production of bulk nanostructures, new materials with higher thermoelectric figures to use the possibility of large scale thermoelectric generation, as part of the worldwide strategy for making better use of energy resources. This book guides the newcomer towards the state of the art and shows the principles for further advancement to those who are already familiar with the subject. The author has been able to draw on his long experience to cover the science and technology in a balanced way while drawing on the expertise of others who have made major contributions to the field.