Green Technology deals with using science and technology to protect the environment as well as curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The emerging green technologies, covered in this book, will propel our economy in the near future. Their development will lead to global and sustainable powers that will impact our economics, societies, cultures, and the way of life. This book provides researchers, students, and professionals a comprehensive introduction, applications, benefits, and challenges of 15 emerging green technologies. It presents the impact of these cutting-edge technologies on our global economy and its future. The book will help a beginner to have an introductory knowledge about these emerging technologies. The main objective of the author is to provide a concise treatment that is easily digestible. It is a must-read for those graduate students or scholars who consider researching green technologies. It can also serve as a valuable resource for those business professionals who seek ways to green their processes.

This book introduces electrical machine modeling and control for electrical engineering and science to graduate, undergraduate students as well as researchers, who are working on modeling and control of electrical machines. It targets electrical engineering students who have no time to derive mathematical equations for electrical machines in particular induction machine (IM) and doubly fed induction machines (DFIM). The main focus is on the application of field oriented control technique to induction motor (IM) and doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) in details, and since the induction motors have many drawback using this technique, therefore the application of a nonlinear control technique (feedback linearization) is applied to a reduced order model of DFIM to enhance the performance of doubly fed induction motor. Features Serves as text book for electrical motor modeling, simulation and control; especially modeling of induction motor and doubly fed induction motor using different frame of references. Vector control (field oriented control) is given in more detailed, and is applied to induction motor. A nonlinear controller is applied to a reduced model of an doubly induction motor associated with a linear observer to estimate the unmeasured load torque, which is used to enhance the performance of the vector control to doubly fed induction motor. Access to the full MATLAB/SIMULINK blocks for simulation and control.

In recent years fractional calculus has played an important role in various fields such as mechanics, electricity, chemistry, biology, economics, modeling, identification, control theory and signal processing. The scope of this book is to present the state of the art in the study of fractional systems and the application of fractional differentiation. Furthermore, the manufacture of nanowires is important for the design of nanosensors and the development of high-yield thin films is vital in procuring clean solar energy.

This wide range of applications is of interest to engineers, physicists and mathematicians.

This book investigates statistical observables for anomalous and nonergodic dynamics, focusing on the dynamical behaviors of particles modelled by non-Brownian stochastic processes in the complex real-world environment. Statistical observables are widely used for anomalous and nonergodic stochastic systems, thus serving as a key to uncover their dynamics. This study explores the cutting edge of anomalous and nonergodic diffusion from the perspectives of mathematics, computer science, statistical and biological physics, and chemistry. With this interdisciplinary approach, multiple physical applications and mathematical issues are discussed, including stochastic and deterministic modelling, analyses of (stochastic) partial differential equations (PDEs), scientific computations and stochastic analyses, etc. Through regularity analysis, numerical scheme design and numerical experiments, the book also derives the governing equations for the probability density function of statistical observables, linking stochastic processes with PDEs. The book will appeal to both researchers of electrical engineering expert in the niche area of statistical observables and stochastic systems and scientists in a broad range of fields interested in anomalous diffusion, especially applied mathematicians and statistical physicists.

Vehicles are intrinsically linked to our lives. This book covers all technical details of the vehicle electrification process, with focus on power electronics. The main challenge in vehicle electrification consists of replacing the engine-based mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic ancillary energy sources with electrical energy processed through an electromagnetic device. The book illustrates this evolutionary process with numerous series-production examples for either of body or chassis systems, from old milestones to futuristic luxury vehicles. Electrification of ancillaries and electric propulsion eventually meet into an all-electric vehicle and both processes rely heavily on power electronics. Power electronics deals with electronic processing of electrical energy. This makes it a support technology for the automotive industry. All the automotive visions for the next decade (2020-2030) are built on top of power electronics and the automotive power electronics industry is expected at 15% compound annual growth rate, the highest among all automotive technologies. Hence, automotive power electronics industry is very appealing for recent and future graduates. The book structure follows the architecture of the electrical power system for a conventional engine-based vehicle, with a last chapter dedicated to an introduction onto electric propulsion. The first part of the book describes automotive technologies for generation and distribution of electrical power, as well as its usage within body systems, chassis systems, or lighting. The second part explores deeper into the specifics of each component of the vehicle electric power system. Since cars have been on the streets for over 100 years, each chapter starts with a list of historical achievements. Recognizing the engineering effort span over more than a century ennobles the R&D efforts of the new millennium. Focus on history of electricity in vehicle applications is another attractive treat of the book. The book fills a gap between books targeting practical education and works sharing advanced academic vision, offering students and academics a quick tour of the basic tools and long-standing infrastructure, and offering practicing engineers an introduction on newly introduced power electronics-based technologies. It is therefore recommended as a must-have book for students and early graduates in automotive power electronics activities.

Power electronics and variable frequency drives are continuously developing multidisciplinary fields in electrical engineering and it is practically not possible to write a book covering the entire area by one individual specialist. Especially by taking account the recent fast development in the neighboring fields like control theory, computational intelligence and signal processing, which all strongly influence new solutions in control of power electronics and drives. Therefore, this book is written by individual key specialist working on the area of modern advanced control methods which penetrates current implementation of power converters and drives. Although some of the presented methods are still not adopted by industry, they create new solutions with high further research and application potential.

The material of the book is presented in the following three parts:

Part I: Advanced Power Electronic Control in Renewable Energy Sources (Chapters 1-4),

Part II: Predictive Control of Power Converters and Drives (5-7),

Part III: Neurocontrol and Nonlinear Control of Power Converters and Drives (8-11).

The book is intended for engineers, researchers and students in the field of power electronics and drives who are interested in the use of advanced control methods and also for specialists from the control theory area who like to explore new area of applications.

Currently, light waves are ready to come into boxes of computers in high-performance computing systems like data centers and super computers to realize intra-box optical interconnects. For inter-box optical interconnects, light waves have successfully been introduced by OE modules, in which discrete bulk-chip OE/electronic devices are assembled using the flip-chip-bonding-based packaging technology. OE modules, however, are not applicable to intra-box optical interconnects, because intra-box interconnects involve "short line distances of the cm-mm order" and "large line counts of hundreds-thousands." This causes optics excess, namely, excess components, materials, spaces, fabrication efforts for packaging, and design efforts. The optics excess raises sizes and costs of intra-box optical interconnects enormously when they are built using conventional OE modules. This book proposes the concept of self-organized 3D integrated optical interconnects and the strategy to reduce optics excess in intra-box optical interconnects.

The book provides future research directions in IoT and image processing based Energy, Industry, and Healthcare domain and explores the different applications of its associated technologies. However, the Internet of Things and image processing is a very big field with a lot of subfields, which are very important such as Smart Homes to improve our daily life, Smart Cities to improve the citizens' life, Smart Towns to recover the livability and traditions, Smart Earth to protect our world, and Industrial Internet of Things to create safer and easier jobs. This book considers very important research areas in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare domain with IoT and image processing applications.The aim of the book to highlights future directions of optimization methods in various engineering and science applications in various IoT and image processing applications. Emphasis is given to deep learning and similar models of neural network-based learning techniques employed in solving optimization problems of different engineering and science applications. The role of AI in mechatronics is also highlighted using suitable optimization methods. This book considers very important research areas in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare. It addresses major issues and challenges in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare and solutions proposed for IoT-enabled cellular/computer networks, routing/communication protocols, surveillances applications, secured data management, and positioning approaches. It focuses mainly on smart and context-aware implementations. Key sailing Features: The impact of the proposed book is to provide a major area of concern to develop a foundation for the implementation process of new image processing and IoT devices based on Energy, Industry, and Healthcare related technology. The researchers working on image processing and IoT devices can correlate their work with other requirements of advanced technology in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare domain. To make aware of the latest technology like AI and Machine learning in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare related technology. Useful for the researcher to explore new things like Security, cryptography, and privacy in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare related technology. People who want to start in Energy, Industry, and Healthcare related technology with image processing and IoT world.

Covering both the fundamentals and the in-depth topics related to Verilog digital design, both students and experts can benefit from reading this book by gaining a comprehensive understanding of how modern electronic products are designed and implemented. Principles of Verilog Digital Design contains many hands-on examples accompanied by RTL codes that together can bring a beginner into the digital design realm without needing too much background in the subject area. This book has a particular focus on how to transform design concepts into physical implementations using architecture and timing diagrams. Common mistakes a beginner or even an experienced engineer can make are summarized and addressed as well. Beyond the legal details of Verilog codes, the book additionally presents what uses Verilog codes have through some pertinent design principles. Moreover, students reading this book will gain knowledge about system-level design concepts. Several ASIC designs are illustrated in detail as well. In addition to design principles and skills, modern design methodology and how it is carried out in practice today are explored in depth as well.

This volume provides informative chapters on the emerging issues, challenges, and new methods and state-of-the-art technologies on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology. It presents case studies and solutions that can be applied in the current business scenario, resolving challenges and providing solutions by integrating IoT with blockchain technology. The chapters discuss how the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a revolution of the Internet that can connect nearly all environment devices over the Internet to share data to create novel services and applications for improving quality of life. Although the centralized IoT system provides countless benefits, it raises several challenges. The volume presents IoT techniques and methodologies, blockchain techniques and methodologies, and case studies and applications for data mining algorithms, heart rate monitoring, climate prediction, disease prediction, security issues, automotive supply chains, voting prediction, forecasting particulate matter pollution, customer relationship management, and more.

This book presents an innovative concept for designing a 400 kV double circuit composite tower. The major challenges encountered by the authors in the electrical design process of the composite tower are addressed. They concern material selection for the full composite cross-arm core, electrical insulation of the cross-arm, electrical dimensioning of the full composite tower, lightning shielding performance and failure of the full composite tower. The electric field performance of the tower's insulation has been investigated theoretically by using finite element method and experimentally by testing different fiber reinforced polymers as candidates. The book reports in detail those finite element simulations and tests, together with the authors' recommendations on the most suitable materials and manufacturing process as well as conductor clamp designs for the cross-arm. Another important issue of the full composite tower, which concerns the environmental aspects of the full composite tower, has also been evaluated. This book offers a timely reference guide on a highly innovative topic, addressing researchers working on power transmission system both in industry and academia.

Sensors and measurement systems is an introduction to microsensors for engineering students in the final undergraduate or early graduate level, technicians who wants to know more about the systems they are using, and anybody curious enough to know what microsystems and microsensors can do. The book discusses five families of sensors: - Thermal sensors - Force and pressure sensors - Inertial sensors - Magnetic field sensors - Flow sensors For each sensor, theoretical, technology and application aspects are examined. The sensor function is modelled to understand sensitivity, resolution and noise. We ask ourselves: What do we want to measure? What are possible applications? How are the sensor chips made in the cleanroom? How are they mounted and integrated in a system? After reading this book, you should be able to: - Understand important thermal, mechanical, inertial and magnetic sensors - Work with characterization parameters for sensors - Choose sensors for a given application and apply them - Understand micromachining technologies for sensors

Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things: Future Directions and Applications explores a wide range of important and real-time issues and applications in this ever-advancing field. Different types of WSN and IoT technologies are discussed in order to provide a strong framework of reference, and the volume places an emphasis on solutions to the challenges of protection, conservation, evaluation, and implementation of WSN and IoT that lead to low-cost products, energy savings, low carbon usage, higher quality, and global competitiveness. The volume is divided into four sections that cover: Wireless sensor networks and their relevant applications Smart monitoring and control systems with the Internet of Things Attacks, threats, vulnerabilities, and defensive measures for smart systems Research challenges and opportunities This collection of chapters on an important and diverse range of issues presents case studies and applications of cutting-edge technologies of WSN and IoT that will be valuable for academic communities in computer science, information technology, and electronics, including cyber security, monitoring, and data collection. The informative material presented here can be applied to many sectors, including agriculture, energy and power, resource management, biomedical and health care, business management, and others.

Optical and Molecular Physics: Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods addresses many important applications and advances in the field. This book is divided into 5 sections: Plasmonics and carbon dots physics with applications Optical films, fibers, and materials Optical properties of advanced materials Molecular physics and diffusion Macromolecular physics Weaving together science and engineering, this new volume addresses important applications and advances in optical and molecular physics. It covers plasmonics and carbon dots physics with applications; optical films, fibers, and materials; optical properties of advanced materials; molecular physics and diffusion; and macromolecular physics. This book looks at optical materials in the development of composite materials for the functionalization of glass, ceramic, and polymeric substrates to interact with electromagnetic radiation and presents state-of-the-art research in preparation methods, optical characterization, and usage of optical materials and devices in various photonic fields. The authors discuss devices and technologies used by the electronics, magnetics, and photonics industries and offer perspectives on the manufacturing technologies used in device fabrication.

CSIE 2011 is an international scientific Congress for distinguished scholars engaged in scientific, engineering and technological research, dedicated to build a platform for exploring and discussing the future of Computer Science and Information Engineering with existing and potential application scenarios. The congress has been held twice, in Los Angeles, USA for the first and in Changchun, China for the second time, each of which attracted a large number of researchers from all over the world. The congress turns out to develop a spirit of cooperation that leads to new friendship for addressing a wide variety of ongoing problems in this vibrant area of technology and fostering more collaboration over the world. The congress, CSIE 2011, received 2483 full paper and abstract submissions from 27 countries and regions over the world. Through a rigorous peer review process, all submissions were refereed based on their quality of content, level of innovation, significance, originality and legibility. 688 papers have been accepted for the international congress proceedings ultimately.

This book introduces the reader to the optical switching technology for its application to data centers. In addition, it takes a picture of the status of the technology and system architecture evolution and of the research in the area of optical switching in data center. The book is organized in four parts: the first part is focused on the system aspects of optical switching in intra-data center networking, the second part is dedicated to describing the recently demonstrated optical switching networks, the third part deals with the latest technologies developed to enable optical switching and, finally, the fourth part of the book outlines the future prospects and trends.

This book offers a wide-ranging overview of advancements, techniques, and challenges related to the design, control, and operation of microgrids and their role in smart grid infrastructure. It brings together an authoritative group of specialists who approach the subject from a number of different viewpoints in the electric power industry, including electricity distribution companies, aggregators, power market retailers, and power generation companies. Design, Control, and Operation of Microgrids in Smart Grids is an authoritative resource for students, researchers, and professionals working with power and energy systems.

MXene, a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide, nitride, and carbonitride, was discovered in 2011. MXene has great potential as a cocatalyst in the field of photocatalysis due to its unique properties and structure. MXene-Based Photocatalysts: Fabrication and Applications introduces readers to the fundamentals, preparation, microstructure characterization, and a variety of applications of MXene-based photocatalysts. The book is a comprehensive reference for MXene materials and provides an overview of the current literature on MXene-based photocatalysts. FEATURES Discusses preparation methods of MXenes Describes the morphology and microstructure of MXenes Offers strategies for fabricating MXene-based photocatalysts Details the reaction mechanism of MXene-based photocatalysts Covers applications in photocatalytic water-splitting, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, photocatalytic degradation, photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, and photocatalytic H2O2 production This book serves as an invaluable guide for advanced students, industry professionals, professors, and researchers in the field of materials science and engineering, photocatalysis, energy, and environmental applications.

Principles of Adaptive Optics describes the foundations, principles, and applications of adaptive optics (AO) and its enabling technologies. This leading textbook addresses the fundamentals of AO at the core of astronomy, high-energy lasers, biomedical imaging, and optical communications. Key Features: Numerous examples to explain and support the underlying principles Hundreds of new references to support the topics that are addressed End-of-chapter questions and exercises A complete system design example threaded through each chapter as new material is introduced

This book presents futuristic trends in computational intelligence including algorithms as applicable to different application domains in health informatics covering bio-medical, bioinformatics, and biological sciences. Latest evolutionary approaches to solve optimization problems under biomedical engineering field are discussed. It provides conceptual framework with a focus on application of computational intelligence techniques in the domain of biomedical engineering and health informatics including real-time issues.

Focusing on how visual information is represented, stored and extracted in the human brain, this book uses cognitive neural modeling in order to show how visual information is represented and memorized in the brain. Breaking through traditional visual information processing methods, the author combines our understanding of perception and memory from the human brain with computer vision technology, and provides a new approach for image recognition and classification. While biological visual cognition models and human brain memory models are established, applications such as pest recognition and carrot detection are also involved in this book. Given the range of topics covered, this book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners interested in the rapidly evolving field of neurocomputing, computer vision and machine learning.

In recent decades, luminescent nanomaterials have generated great interest in the scientific community due to their unique properties, which are different from those of their bulk counterparts, and their use in a wide variety of applications. Today, luminescent nanomaterials are used in a number of applications such as displays, solid-state lighting, solar cells, long afterglow, dosimetry, theft prevention, medical imaging, phototherapy, and quantum and gas sensing. This book presents cutting-edge research from experts in the field of synthesis and characterization of luminescent nanomaterials and their potential applications. It covers interesting topics in semiconductor physics, photochemistry, physical chemistry, materials science, and luminescence, and will be useful for beginners and advanced researchers interested in this field.

FDL is the most important European and, probably, worldwide forum to present research results, to exchange experiences, and to learn about new trends in the application of specification and design languages and the associated design and modeling methods and tools for complex, heterogeneous HW/SW embedded systems. FDL'07 was the tenth of a series of successful events held all around Europe. FDL'07 was held in Barcelona, the capital city of Catalonia, Spain. The high number of submissions to the conference this year allowed the Program Committee to prepare a high quality conference program. Embedded Systems Specification and Design Languages' includes a selection of the most relevant contributions based on the review made by the program committee members and the quality of the contents of the presentation at the conference. In many cases, the authors have improved the original content with additional technical information.

In recent years, optical properties of the unique atomic and molecular structures of materials have drawn great scientific interest. Linear optical properties of materials such as metals, metal oxides, magnetic oxides, and organic materials are based on energy transfer and find applications in wastewater treatment, forensic science, biomedical science, photovoltaics, nuclear technology, and LED displays. Nonlinear optical properties of materials are based on the nonlinear medium and find more advanced applications in frequency mixing generations and optical parametric oscillations. This book presents the underlying principles, implementation, and applications of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of materials and has been divided into two parts emphasizing these properties. The first part of the book, Linear Optics, discusses bimetallic nanoparticles in dielectric media and their integration to dye molecules to detect trace amounts of heavy metals at the nanometer level, as well as to enhance luminescence and image contrasts in forensic inspection and biomedical diagnosis. It shows how the integration of bimetallic nanoparticles into a ZnO matrix promotes broadening of the absorption spectrum from the ultraviolet to the visible wavelength. It explains the role of surface adsorption and photocatalytic degradation in dye-removal kinetics by Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles under pulsed white light. It also discusses the double-layer shielding tank design to safely store radioactive waste and photon propagation through the multilayer structures of a human tissue model. The second part of the book, Nonlinear Optics, presents general concepts such as electromagnetic theory, nonlinear medium, and wave propagation, as well as more advanced concepts such as second harmonic generation, phase matching, optical parametric interactions, different frequency generation, sum frequency generation, tunable laser, and optical resonant oscillator.

1) Scope of this book is to explore and present the modern computational engineering techniques and applications in the agriculture development. Recent technologies such as cloud computing, IoT, Big data, Machine learning are focused here for smart agricultural engineering. This book provides practical and use case oriented approaches for Agro IoT systems. 2) This filed is emerging and hence the proposed book, will remain in demand for at least next 10 years, until there is an impressive advancement in technology. 3) This proposed book covers Automated Agriculture & Use of drones and robotics, hardware innovations to support cost effective agriculture, which are not covered in existing publications.