The web framework Ruby on Rails for developing database based web applications provides a Model-View-Controller framework. The required web server WEBrick is included with Ruby on Rails. The framework is configured with the MySQL database by default, but may be configured with another database.

The book covers developing web applications with Ruby on Rails. Technologies discussed include Ajax, directory services, and web services. A comparison is made with PHP, the most commonly used scripting language for developing web applications.

Programmers used to be the only people excited about APIs, but now a growing number of companies see them as a hot new product channel. This concise guide describes the tremendous business potential of APIs, and demonstrates how you can use them to provide valuable services to clients, partners, or the public via the Internet. You'll learn all the steps necessary for building a cohesive API business strategy from experts in the trenches.

Facebook and Twitter APIs continue to be extremely successful, and many other companies find that API demand greatly exceeds website traffic. This book offers executives, business development teams, and other key players a complete roadmap for creating a viable API product. Learn about the rise of APIs and why your business might need one Understand the roles of asset owners, providers, and developers in the API value chain Build strategies for designing, implementing, and marketing your product Devise an effective process for security and user management Address legal issues, such as rights management and terms of use Manage traffic and user experience with a reliable operating model Determine the metrics you need to measure your API's success

Web apps would run much better if heavy calculations could be performed in the background, rather than compete with the user interface. With this book, you'll learn how to use Web Workers to run computationally intensive JavaScript code in a thread parallel to the UI. Yes, multi-threaded programing is complicated, but Web Workers provide a simple API that helps you be productive without the complex algorithms.

If you have an intermediate to advanced understanding of JavaScript--especially event handling and callbacks--you're ready to tackle Web Workers with the tools in this example-driven guide. Start creating Web Workers and understand what they can and can't do Determine which browser versions support the API Use dedicated Web Workers for tasks that consume a lot of CPU, such as data parsing Explore use cases for creating inline Workers, such as encapsulating a web app in one page Create a shared Worker to communicate multiple web app instances to the server, and other uses Learn best practices for debugging Web Workers Apply Web Workers within the server-side Node environment

Why another HTML book? Well, there are a lot of basic HTML guides out there, and a lot are quite outdated. This book is differenta "it is aimed at web designers and developers who have already mastered the basics of HTML and web design, but want to take their markup further, making it leaner and more semantically rich, for a more efficient, more usable/accessible web site.

HTML Mastery does all that and more, showing all of the HTML tags available, including less commonly used ones, where and how to use them, and clever styling and scripting techniques that can be employed to take advantage of them on your web site.

In addition, the book also looks at some of the advanced semantic tools that look to further improve the usability and semantic value of your sitesa "an entire chapter is devoted to Microformats, and a nod is given to XHTML 2.0 and Web Applications 1.0a "web standards of the future.

If you're a web developer interested in building scalable single-page applications - full-stack, browser-based apps that connect to a backend - this practical guide shows you how to use Ember.js, the popular JavaScript framework based on the model-view-controller (MVC) architectural pattern. Through the course of the book, you'll learn how to build a prototype Ember application (a musician index called Rock'n'Roll Call), using routers, templates, models, controllers, and views. You'll also understand how Ember's convention over configuration approach helps you persist data, build backend technologies, and create widgets for developing production-capable applications that behave like desktop software. Set up workflow management and boilerplate code creation Learn how Ember's "developer ergonomics" help you use less code Write templates for the book's prototype with Handlebars.js Use routers to manage application states without reloading the page Connect controllers and views with events, and sync data with data-binding Build an Ember backend with a RESTful API or Ruby on Rails Use the Ember-Data library to persist data and talk to the backend Write reusable encapsulated widgets to extend your applications

Das St. Galler Modell fur prozesszentriertes Customer Relationship Management basiert auf Praxiserfahrungen, die in acht Fallstudien fuhrender Unternehmen dokumentiert sind: Ganzheitliches Kundenbindungsmarketing der Direkt Anlage Bank; Contact Center der Swisscom; Kampagnen- und Kundenmanagement bei Genossenschaftsbanken; Kundenzentrierte Prozesse und Systeme der Credit Suisse, LGT Bank in Liechtenstein und Neuen Zurcher Zeitung; Management von Projekt- und Kundenwissen bei der SAP. Das Gesamtmodell beschreibt mit Kunden-, Kanal- sowie Prozess- und Wissensmanagement die wesentlichen Instrumente zur radikalen Ausrichtung auf Kundenprozesse. Eine Ubersicht der achtzehn wichtigsten Einfuhrungsmethoden aus Literatur, Beratung und von Systemanbietern unterstutzt die erfolgreiche Projektdurchfuhrung."

Soon after its launch, Ant succeeded in taking the Java world by storm, becoming the most widely used tool for building applications in Java environments. Like most popular technologies, Ant quickly went through a series of early revision cycles. With each new version, more functionality was added, and more complexity was introduced. Ant evolved from a simple-to-learn build tool into a full-fledged testing and deployment environment.

"Ant: The Definitive Guide" has been reworked, revised and expanded upon to reflect this evolution. It documents the new ways that Ant is being applied, as well as the array of optional tasks that Ant supports. In fact, this new second edition covers everything about this extraordinary build management tool from downloading and installing, to using Ant to test code. Here are just of a few of the features you'll find detailed in this comprehensive, must-have guide:

Developing conditional builds, and handling error conditions

Automatically retrieving source code from version control systems

Using Ant with XML files

Using Ant with JavaServer Pages to build Web applications

Using Ant with Enterprise JavaBeans to build enterprise applications

Far exceeding its predecessor in terms of information and detail, "Ant: The Definitive Guide," 2nd Edition is a must-have for Java developers unfamiliar with the latest advancements in Ant technology. With this book at your side, you'll soon be up to speed on the premiere tool for cross-platform development.

Author Steve Holzner is an award-winning author who s been writing about Java topics since the language first appeared; his books have sold more than 1.5 million copies worldwide.

Deep learning is one of today's hottest fields. This approach to machine learning is achieving breakthrough results in some of today's highest profile applications, in organizations ranging from Google to Tesla, Facebook to Apple. Thousands of technical professionals and students want to start leveraging its power, but previous books on deep learning have often been non-intuitive, inaccessible, and dry. In Deep Learning Illustrated, three world-class instructors and practitioners present a uniquely visual, intuitive, and accessible high-level introduction to the techniques and applications of deep learning. Packed with vibrant, full-color illustrations, it abstracts away much of the complexity of building deep learning models, making the field more fun to learn, and accessible to a far wider audience. Part I's high-level overview explains what Deep Learning is, why it has become so ubiquitous, and how it relates to concepts and terminology such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Artificial Neural Networks, and Reinforcement Learning. These opening chapters are replete with vivid illustrations, easy-to-grasp analogies, and character-focused narratives. Building on this foundation, the authors then offer a practical reference and tutorial for applying a wide spectrum of proven deep learning techniques. Essential theory is covered with as little mathematics as possible, and illuminated with hands-on Python code. Theory is supported with practical "run-throughs" available in accompanying Jupyter notebooks, delivering a pragmatic understanding of all major deep learning approaches and their applications: machine vision, natural language processing, image generation, and videogaming. To help readers accomplish more in less time, the authors feature several of today's most widely-used and innovative deep learning libraries, including TensorFlow and its high-level API, Keras; PyTorch, and the recently-released high-level Coach, a TensorFlow API that abstracts away the complexity typically associated with building Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms.

Implement web applications in Java using the open-source Vaadin framework version 20 and later. This easy-to-follow book covers all the key concepts and steps to become competent with modern versions of Vaadin. The book covers everything from setting up the development environment to implementing advanced features such as Server Push and database connectivity. The book helps you become proficient in the Vaadin framework, prepare for Vaadin certifications, and shows you how to apply the power of the Java programming language in developing applications for the web. Author Alejandro Duarte starts with an introduction to web development and its key technologies. He then describes and demonstrates how Vaadin simplifies web development by allowing you to implement web graphical user interfaces using the Java programming language without having to code in JavaScript or HTML. Once a solid foundation on the key web and Vaadin concepts is established, Duarte digs deeper into explaining layouts and user interface components such as combo boxes, dialogs, upload fields, and data grids. He also covers topics such as styling with CSS, data binding, client-side views implementation with TypeScript, and integration with Spring Boot and Jakarta EE. What You Will Learn Build web applications in Java using Servlet technology and Vaadin Combine layouts and user interface components to create views in Java Connect values in UI components to Java objects in the server through data binding Customize display styles and add responsive capabilities using CSS Display tabular data using the Grid component Implement client-side views using TypeScript Integrate Vaadin applications with Spring Boot and Jakarta EE Connect Vaadin applications to SQL databases Who This Book Is For Developers with a basic or higher knowledge of Java programming who want to build on their Java skills to create web graphical user interfaces, Java developers who want to create web applications without having to code in JavaScript, and developers who are preparing to take and pass Vaadin certification exams

With organizations and individuals increasingly dependent on the Web, the need for competent, well-trained Web developers and maintainers is growing. Helping readers master Web development, Dynamic Web Programming and HTML5 covers specific Web programming languages, APIs, and coding techniques and provides an in-depth understanding of the underlying concepts, theory, and principles. The author leads readers through page structuring, page layout/styling, user input processing, dynamic user interfaces, database-driven websites, and mobile website development.

After an overview of the Web and Internet, the book focuses on the new HTML5 and its associated open Web platform standards. It covers the HTML5 markup language and DOM, new elements for structuring Web documents and forms, CSS3, and important JavaScript APIs associated with HTML5. Moving on to dynamic page generation and server-side programming with PHP, the text discusses page templates, form processing, session control, user login, database access, and server-side HTTP requests. It also explores more advanced topics such as XML and PHP/MySQL.

Suitable for a one- or two-semester course at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level, this comprehensive and up-to-date guide helps readers learn modern Web technologies and their practical applications. Numerous examples illustrate how the programming techniques and other elements work together to achieve practical goals.

Online Resource
Encouraging hands-on practice, the book s companion website at http: //dwp.sofpower.com helps readers gain experience with the technologies and techniques involved in building good sites. Maintained by the author, the site offers:

• Live examples organized by chapter and cross-referenced in the text
• Programs from the text bundled in a downloadable code package
• Searchable index and appendices
• Ample resource listings and information updates

This short book provides a practical introduction to HTML5. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the predominant language of web pages. Originally developed as a way to describe and share scientific papers, HTML is now used to mark up all sorts of documents and create visual interfaces for browser-based software.

With HTML5, however, HTML has become as much an of API for developing browser-based software as it is a markup language. In this book, we'll talk about the history of HTML and HTML5 and explore its new features.

It covers: HTML5 basicsMultimediaCanvas and SVGHTML5 applicationsHTML5 APIs

HTML5 is required knowledge for every professional web designer and developer. This book will quickly get you up to speed with the fundamentals of HTML5 and give you the confidence to start experimenting on your own.

This book is a guide to designing and building knowledge graphs from enterprise relational databases in practice.\ It presents a principled framework centered on mapping patterns to connect relational databases with knowledge graphs, the roles within an organization responsible for the knowledge graph, and the process that combines data and people. The content of this book is applicable to knowledge graphs being built either with property graph or RDF graph technologies. Knowledge graphs are fulfilling the vision of creating intelligent systems that integrate knowledge and data at large scale. Tech giants have adopted knowledge graphs for the foundation of next-generation enterprise data and metadata management, search, recommendation, analytics, intelligent agents, and more. We are now observing an increasing number of enterprises that seek to adopt knowledge graphs to develop a competitive edge. In order for enterprises to design and build knowledge graphs, they need to understand the critical data stored in relational databases. How can enterprises successfully adopt knowledge graphs to integrate data and knowledge, without boiling the ocean? This book provides the answers.

Take advantage of JavaScript's power to build robust web-scale or enterprise applications that are easy to extend and maintain. By applying the design patterns outlined in this practical book, experienced JavaScript developers will learn how to write flexible and resilient code that's easier - yes, easier - to work with as your code base grows. JavaScript may be the most essential web programming language, but in the real world, JavaScript applications often break when you make changes. With this book, author Eric Elliott shows you how to add client- and server-side features to a large JavaScript application without negatively affecting the rest of your code. Examine the anatomy of a large-scale JavaScript application Build modern web apps with the capabilities of desktop applications Learn best practices for code organization, modularity, and reuse Separate your application into different layers of responsibility Build efficient, self-describing hypermedia APIs with Node.js Test, integrate, and deploy software updates in rapid cycles Control resource access with user authentication and authorization Expand your application's reach through internationalization

Want to add more interactivity and polish to your websites? Discover how jQuery can help you build complex scripting functionality in just a few lines of code. With "Head First jQuery," you'll quickly get up to speed on this amazing JavaScript library by learning how to navigate HTML documents while handling events, effects, callbacks, and animations. By the time you've completed the book, you'll be incorporating Ajax apps, working seamlessly with HTML and CSS, and building your own plug-ins.

If you want to learn--and understand--how to create interactive web pages, unobtrusive script, and cool animations that don't kill your browser, this book is for you.Use jQuery with DOM to overcome the limitations of HTML and CSS Learn how jQuery selectors and actions work together Write functions and wire them to interface elements Use jQuery effects to create actions on the page Make your pages come alive with animation Learn how use jQuery with the new HTML5 elements Build interactive web pages with jQuery and Ajax Create plug-ins to handle reusable functions Build forms and reports in web applications

F r das Management von Multimediaprojekten gab es bisher keine unternehmens bergreifenden, praxistauglichen Vorgehensmodelle, die auf spezifische Probleme der Multimediabranche zugeschnitten sind. Vorgehensmodelle aus anderen Bereichen, wie etwa der Informatik, ber cksichtigen nicht das hohe Gewicht gestalterischer und wirtschaftlicher, marketingorientierter Aufgaben in Multimediaprojekten. Das vorliegende Buch leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag, die in vielen Agenturen eher noch ad hoc gef hrten Projekte besser planbar und steuerbar zu machen. Die Autorin analysiert Vorgehensweisen und Methoden, die in der Praxis zur Schaffung kreativer Multimedia-Konzepte eingesetzt werden, und entwickelt diese zu einem allgemeing ltigen Vorgehensmodell weiter. Zur Erfassung der branchen blichen Vorgehensweisen f hrte die Autorin eine empirische Untersuchung in mehreren repr sentativen Multimedia-Agenturen durch.

Make designing and developing accessible websites fun and straightforward by deciphering information that is often confusing. This book examines how web professionals can ensure a website is as accessible as it can be, meeting the needs of its audience.  The main focus is on web accessibility and, WCAG 2.1 and 2.2 guidelines: what they are, who they are for, and what can be done from a design point of view to make the lives of the users easier. In reviewing the fundamentals, emphasis will be given on what disabilities could potentially prevent users from getting the information they need and what can be done to help them. This is achieved by breaking down web design and development terms and practices, such as web accessibility, color contrast, typography, how to design specific components like carousels, forms, and so on.   Each chapter features design examples presented in a clear and concise manner. Each design element is divided into different components, highlighting exactly what helps with what, showing how a website needs to be designed for the benefit of its people. A11Y Unraveled also reviews the current laws and legislations that govern web accessibility in different parts of the world. What You'll Learn Discover how people perceive information on the web, and how that might create barriers in communication. Review different disabilities or limitations that prevent users from accessing web information and how to address them. Design an accessible website for specific disabilities through practical examples. Understand how different web design components affect the user. Study current web accessibility legislation, avoiding difficult to understand lingo. Who This Book Is For Main audience would be digital and web professionals (mainly designers but developers can benefit as well). It can also help business owners who want to ensure their websites are adhere to accessibility standards.

Learn to create stunning animated and interactive charts using Highcharts and Angular. This updated edition will build on your existing knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to develop impressive dashboards that will work in all modern browsers. You will learn how to use Highcharts, call backend services for data, and easily construct real-time data dashboards so you can club your code with jQuery and Angular. This book provides the best solutions for real-time challenges and covers a wide range of charts including line, area, maps, plot, and much more. You will also learn about arc diagrams, bubble series, dependency wheels, and error bar series. After reading this book, you'll be able to export your charts in different formats for project-based learning. Highcharts is one the most useful products worldwide for developing charting on the web, and Angular is well known for speed. Using Highcharts with Angular developers can build fast, interactive dashboards. Get up to speed using this book today. What You'll Learn Create interactive animated styling themes and colors for a dashboard Work on a real-time data project using Web API and Ajax calls through different data sources Export charts in various formats Who This Book Is For Developers, dev leads, software architects, students or enthusiasts who are already familiar with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Examine the building blocks that make any good MVC framework using PHP 8. This book exposes all the considerations that many developers take for granted when using a popular framework, and teaches you how to make this MVC framework your own. You'll quickly get started writing your first bit of framework code, then, you build a variety of examples using aspects of an MVC framework, including a router, a template engine, a database library, a persistence engine (ORM), and a testing framework. In the next section, you'll implement sessions, caches, file systems, queues, logging, and mail. You'll wrap up by building a larger scale sample web application: a sales website for a company that sells rockets. Along the way, this book lays bare all the secret parts of MVC to take with you to apply to your own PHP-based MVC projects. What You Will Learn Build PHP-based web applications using the model view controller (MVC) architecture Write your first bit of framework code Compare the code you write with how the popular frameworks do the same kinds of things Create various aspects of applications, engines, and other frameworks Wrap up with a sample case study application Who This Book Is For Experienced PHP and web developers. Some prior experience with PHP and web development at least recommended.

Build production-grade web apps from scratch - without using frameworks - with Kotlin on the Java platform. You'll learn how to use and compose libraries, how to choose between different libraries, and the benefits of explicit and straight-forward code, vs. the implicit magic, conventions, and inversion of control you often see in frameworks. The book teaches the Kotlin language by building production-ready Kotlin code. You'll gain a deep understanding of the idiomatic use of the Kotlin language along with knowledge of how to apply Kotlin in production-grade web apps. The book also bridges the gap between building from scratch and using existing frameworks. For example, you'll learn how to integrate Spring Security-based authentication in web apps written from scratch, so you can leverage existing tooling in your organization without having to take on the entire Spring framework. The first section of the book sets up the base structure of your web app, such as routing, configuration files, and database migrations. The remaining chapters are broken into individual aspects of building production-ready web apps. Appendices at the end of the book explain how to use different libraries than the ones chosen in the main chapters, so you'll learn how to decouple your code from specific libraries, and choose between many different libraries to get the job done in your own web apps. What You Will Learn Compose libraries and manage boilerplate code using idiomatic and powerful Kotlin Manage and query SQL databases without ORMs and mapping layers Write resilient and change-proof tests in support of test-driven development practices Create traditional, HTML-based web apps, APIs for JavaScript-based single-page web apps and native mobile apps Manage parallelism and external service calls using Kotlin co-routines Deploy to production using embedded servers, WAR files, and serverless approaches Bridge the gap between custom-built apps and enterprise, using Spring Context and Spring Security Who This Book Is For The expert developer who is ready to take full control of the tech stack, and use the Kotlin language, type system, and standard library, to ship production-ready web apps. Readers should have prior programming experience. Experience with Java or another JVM language is helpful.

This book provides a broad introduction to search engines by integrating five different perspectives on Web search and search engines that are usually dealt with separately: the technical perspective, the user perspective, the internet-based research perspective, the economic perspective, and the societal perspective. After a general introduction to the topic, two foundational chapters present how search tools can cover the Web's content and how search engines achieve this by crawling and processing the found documents. The next chapter on user behavior covers how people phrase their search queries and interact with search engines. This knowledge builds the foundation for describing how results are ranked and presented. The following three chapters then deal with the economic side of search engines, i.e., Google and the search engine market, search engine optimization (SEO), and the intermingling of organic and sponsored search results. Next, the chapter on search skills presents techniques for improving searches through advanced search interfaces and commands. Following that, the Deep Web and how its content can be accessed is explained. The two subsequent chapters cover ways to improve the quality of search results, while the next chapter describes how to access the Deep Web. Last but not least, the following chapter deals with the societal role of search engines before the final chapter concludes the book with an outlook on the future of Web search. With this book, students and professionals in disciplines like computer science, online marketing, or library and information science will learn how search engines work, what their main shortcomings are at present, and what prospects there are for their further development. The different views presented will help them to understand not only the basic technologies but also the implications the current implementations have concerning economic exploitation and societal impact.

Thanks to improved web browser support and the advent of HTML5, JavaScript now plays a major role in programming high-performance web graphics. This hands-on book shows you how to create rich web applications for big-screen computers and small-screen mobile devices using JavaScript, jQuery, DHTML, and HTML5's Canvas element-without plugins. By following real-world examples, experienced web developers will learn fun and useful approaches to arcade games, DHTML effects, business dashboards, and more. This book provides a gentle learning curve by serving complex subjects in easily digestible pieces, with each topic acting as a foundation for the next. Learn how to take advantage of JavaScript's growing power and speed to build a new generation of user experiences. * Learn the latest HTML5 techniques, including the use of the Canvas element and SVG * Tackle JavaScript optimization and understand how it impacts mobile deployment * Create eye-catching effects by combining old-school DHTML with jQuery * Learn different architectures for real-time arcade games * Explore growing 3D possibilities, such as the use of scaling and perspective * Use JavaScript and Canvas to create applications for the small-screen, such as iPhone * Discover approaches to business-oriented visualization and dashboard graphics

Die SchAnheit der Natur mit dem Rechner nachzubilden, fasziniert die Computergraphik seit jeher. Im vorliegenden Buch werden Verfahren zur Erzeugung kA1/4nstlicher Pflanzenmodelle beschrieben und deren Anwendung in Bereichen wie Simulation, Virtual Reality, Botanik, Landschaftsplanung und Architektur. Die Modelle werden zu GArten, Parks und ganzen Landschaften kombiniert. Die Palette der Darstellungsformen reicht von tAuschend echt wirkenden Bildern bis zu abstrakten ReprAsentationen. Mit Ahnlichen Algorithmen kAnnen organische KArper hergestellt, verAndert und animiert werden. Die beigefA1/4gten Programme (Windows) erlauben dies auch dem Leser.

PREVIOUS EDITIONThis textbook introduces the "Fundamentals of Multimedia", addressing real issues commonly faced in the workplace. The essential concepts are explained in a practical way to enable students to apply their existing skills to address problems in multimedia. Fully revised and updated, this new edition now includes coverage of such topics as 3D TV, social networks, high-efficiency video compression and conferencing, wireless and mobile networks, and their attendant technologies. Features: presents an overview of the key concepts in multimedia, including color science; reviews lossless and lossy compression methods for image, video and audio data; examines the demands placed by multimedia communications on wired and wireless networks; discusses the impact of social media and cloud computing on information sharing and on multimedia content search and retrieval; includes study exercises at the end of each chapter; provides supplementary resources for both students and instructors at an associated website.

Tired of reading HTML books that only make sense after you're an expert? Then it's about time you picked up Head First HTML and really learned HTML. You want to learn HTML so you can finally create those web pages you've always wanted, so you can communicate more effectively with friends, family, fans, and fanatic customers. You also want to do it right so you can actually maintain and expand your web pages over time so they work in all browsers and mobile devices. Oh, and if you've never heard of CSS, that's okay--we won't tell anyone you're still partying like it's 1999--but if you're going to create web pages in the 21st century then you'll want to know and understand CSS.Learn the real secrets of creating web pages, and why everything your boss told you about HTML tables is probably wrong (and what to do instead). Most importantly, hold your own with your co-worker (and impress cocktail party guests) when he casually mentions how his HTML is now strict, and his CSS is in an external style sheet.With Head First HTML, you'll avoid the embarrassment of thinking web-safe colors still matter, and the foolishness of slipping a font tag into your pages. Best of all, you'll learn HTML and CSS in a way that won't put you to sleep. If you've read a Head First book, you know what to expect: a visually-rich format designed for the way your brain works. Using the latest research in neurobiology, cognitive science, and learning theory, this book will load HTML and CSS into your brain in a way that sticks.So what are you waiting for? Leave those other dusty books behind and come join us in Webville. Your tour is about to begin.

Present information in stunning new ways by transforming CSS elements in two- and three-dimensional space. Whether you're rotating a photo, doing some interesting perspective tricks, or creating an interface that lets you reveal information on an element's backside, this practical guide shows you how to use them to great effect. Short and sweet, this book is an excerpt from the upcoming fourth edition of CSS: The Definitive Guide. When you purchase either the print or the ebook edition of Transforms in CSS, you'll receive a discount on the entire Definitive Guide once it's released. Why wait? Learn how to bring life to your web pages now. Create interesting combinations of 2D transforms and fully 3D-acting interfaces Learn two types of coordinate systems used in CSS transforms: the Cartesian coordinate system and the spherical system Use the transform property to translate, scale, rotate, and skew an element Create the illusion of depth by adding perspective to an element-or one perspective to a group of elements Reveal the back of an element with the backface-visibility property