While it might have been viable for states to isolate themselves from international politics in the nineteenth century, the intensity of economic and social globalisation in the twenty-first century has made this impossible. The contemporary world is an international world - a world of collective security systems and collective trade agreements. What does this mean for the sovereign state and 'its' international legal order? Two alternative approaches to the problem of 'governance' in the era of globalisation have developed in the twentieth century: universal internationalism and regional supranationalism. The first approaches collective action problems from the perspective of the 'sovereign equality' of all States. A second approach to transnational 'governance' has tried to re-build majoritarian governmental structures at the regional scale. This collection of essays wishes to analyse - and contrast - the two types of normative and decisional answers that have emerged as responses to the 'international' problems within our globalised world.

A collection of the 52 most important conventions, agreements, model laws, and institutional rules for int'l sales transactions, documentary credit, shipping, insurance, dispute settlement, and enforcement of contracts abroad. Includes inter alia the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), UCC Articles 1, 2, 4A, 5, 7 and 9, Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts, EU Draft Common Frame of Reference, Incoterms 2010, Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit UCP600, various Hague Conventions on Private International Law, UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, ICC Arbitration Rules, IBA Rules on Taking of Evidence in Int'l Commercial Arbitration, and the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. The collection is aimed at advanced graduate students, researchers, and practitioners. With its many editorial improvements and elaborate index, it is sure to become an indispensable tool for anyone working in int'l business, commerce, and trade.

In his forty-three years as a practising lawyer, Kevin O'Donnell encountered a wide and sometimes weird mixture of characters lawyers, clients, police officers, and others. When it came time to tell the story of his career, he knew that he didn't want to write a book only about the law; he wanted to write a book about the people with whom and for whom he worked.

Some of these stories may come off as improbable or even impossible, but they're all true. He shares tales of the more notable people he had the privilege of dealing with and the unusual situations those associations created. He received the occasional threat of violence, but fortunately, none of them came to pass. He also survived the aggression of his peers, in and out of court. During his experience as a law student, articled clerk, employee lawyer, senior associate for substantial law fi rms, and partner in a fi rm in regional Victoria, he saw it all- and some of the best anecdotes from those years await within.

Many of the people he writes about are still his friends (and some never were), while some of them are now deceased. They've all provided him with amusement over the years, as well as wry smiles as he brought their shared adventures to life in his memoir.

This first edition of Nigeria's Import Export and Transit Process Manual aims to provide a step-by-step guide of the process steps and documentation required for key trade processes.

"The Trademark Law Dictionary will be helpful for anyone who researches trademark law. With it, one can easily locate terms and quickly understand concepts-all in one volume. I am impressed with the enormous scope of this reference. The inclusion of international treaty terms is in itself a substantial contribution to the field." Christine Haight Farley Professor of Law American University Washington College of Law

THE TRADEMARK LAW DICTIONARY Part of The Law Dictionary Series The One-Stop Source for Legal Terminology JDs, LLMs & SJDs Attorneys & Paralegals FIND IT Easy to Locate Terms & Cross-Referenced KNOW IT Clear & Easy to Understand USE IT Communicate Effectively & Efficiently Apply Intricate Terminology & Underlying Legal Concepts

JDs, LLMs & SJDs need to be able to communicate effectively and efficiently. This Dictionary will afford Law Students and Law Professors with the resource they need to bring clarity to the burgeoning field of IP Law.

Practitioners & Paralegals of Intellectual Property law must understand, cross-reference and apply intricate terminology. The IP Dictionary gives the Practitioner & Paralegal the ability to easily locate terms and underlying concepts and apply them to their work product. www.thelawdictionaryseries.com

This study examines U.S.-Mexico sugar trade with special attention given to the impact of changes in trade and market environments caused by implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the introduction of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). These two factors contributed to shaping sugar markets in the United States and Mexico as well as sugar trade between the two countries. The study includes two sections: (1) a description of the sugar markets from an historic point of view and (2) an empirical study forecasting the market and trade outlook.In section one, characteristics of the sugar industry and transition of the sugar markets brought by the two factors (NAFTA and HFCS) are presented. Adoption of HFCS shaped the U.S. sweetener market in the 1980s and a similar phenomenon appears to be beginning in Mexico. This is explained by not only income growth but also the provisions of NAFTA that facilitate U.S. HFCS to enter the Mexican market and restrict Mexican sugar to the U.S. market. Although Mexico is promised favorable access to the U.S. market under NAFTA, it has not been successful in exporting sugar; rather, the focus has been to suppress HFCS adoption in the domestic market.Next, an empirical study comprised of three analyses is presented. Regression results from the market analysis showed that the estimated price elasticities for both sugar demand and supply are significant and inelastic. These estimates are built into the second model that examines bilateral trade. Results from simulations of the trade analysis indicate Mexico's HFCS adoption rate will determine the magnitude of Mexico's sugar export, which consequently poses a significant influence on U.S. markets. Also the way the U.S. government allocates quotas among exporters will have a significant impact, particularly on the costs of the U.S. sugar program. Game theory analysis is then used to assess what strategies the involved participants will prefer. The results suggest that there will be a conflict of interests and that the U.S. HFCS industry may play an influential role in forming a sugar policy.

At last, the students, coaches and arbitrators who have dedicated so many hours to the Danubia Files will see the results of their labours. Six tribunals of renowned international arbitrators and educators have issued awards in the Vis Problems XIV to XIX. Each award considers the issues and sets out the decision of the tribunal in their own words and style. And at last, here is a reference text that deals with one of the most important - yet most neglected - stages in arbitration procedure: the drafting of the arbitration Award. The first lesson of this book is that there is no single "right" way to draft an award. Each tribunal has its own voice, its own character; there are many styles that can produce a good award. "A wonderful achievement and highly innovative and useful contribution that will be of great interest to all international arbitration lawyers, scholars and students." - Gary Born, Chair, International Arbitration Group, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP. "I wish I'd thought of it This book will immediately become a "must-have" for law firm international arbitration groups. The awards not only increase the already rich value of the Vis problem materials for advocacy training, they also are a much-needed resource for award drafting practice. Be sure to read the down-to-earth drafting guides by Louise Barrington and Pierre Karrer." - Lucy Reed, Global co-Head, International Arbitration, Freshfields. "You can measure the height of the Great Pyramid at Cheops without climbing it by multiplying the height of a pole by the ratio of the two shadows (500 BC). You can put little wheels on luggage (1970). Great ideas in retrospect seem obvious, and the Danubia files are another." - Jan Paulsson, President, International Council of Commercial Arbitrators (ICCA).

There are many challenges in doing business in the People's Republic, particularly in the areas of trade and customs, but they are not insurmountable problems given the practical guidance reflected in Quick Reference to the Trade and Customs Law of China. Quick Reference to the Trade and Customs Law of China is the perfect resource for busy professionals seeking to manage PRC-related import-export risk, reduce costs and increase efficiency. This highly accessible reference distills the problem-solving process by anticipating the relevant challenges and providing reliable help.

This paper proposes improving anti-dumping 's (AD) procedural institutions by enhancing the quality of public governance in the formulation of AD decisions by national authorities. It further examines the AD practices and laws of China and South Africa, arguing that poor governance in emerging economies contributes to their prolific use of AD, usually disproportionate to their small share of world imports. These economies already maintain higher tariff barriers than industrial countries, so that without effective steps to ensure better governance to restrain the arbitrary and proliferating use of AD, they may lose out significantly on the gains from the trade liberalization for which they have been striving for decades.

This book reviews natural health product laws and regulations for Canada's primary natural health products (NHP) trading partners, namely, Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, USA, United Kingdom, and the European Union and compare them to Canada's natural health product regulations. The study was also undertaken to identify priority areas where policy research should be focussed and then propose strategies to address these selected policy research areas. The Canadian NHP definition was used to compare similar classes of products for these other countries. Further, the major components of the Canadian regulatory framework for NHPs that were used for research purposes were the following: Product Licensing including Standards of Evidence, Site Licensing, Good Manufacturing Practices and Adverse Reaction Reporting. Tables of regulatory information were prepared for each country, providing sections for certain aspects of the Canadian NHP regulatory framework and including the main governmental regulatory authority for each country. This work reveals a fast-paced change and revision of national and international regulations for NHPs such as herbals, vitamins, minerals and homeopathic medicines. Many changes in the European countries were precipitated by the implementation of European Union Directives. Canada's major trading partner, the United States, classifies some NHPs as dietary substances, while other NHPs are under the U.S. FDA's control as non-prescription medicine and homeopathic medicines which are classified as drugs. In the United States, dietary substances require little regulatory scrutiny yet the regulatory environment in the United States is moving toward a more regulated system. Strategies for prioritizing policy research needs in the area of international regulations of Natural Health Products (NHPs) were developed. The priority areas for policy research fell into two main categories: the safety of the products being manufactured and sold to Canadians and processes to facilitate trade between countries. The overall aim for trade development should be to look for methods and means of further harmonization with trading partners and to develop Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs).

Trade negotiations are a topic of growing importance, and the popularity of bilateral and regional trade deals as an alternative to slow negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) is growing. But so is the anti-free trade sentiment among environmental and social-justice associations. Today, an important question is how free trade can be designed in a sustainable way. Based on the theoretical concept of two-level diplomacy, Astrid Fritz Carrapatoso analyzes whether domestic consultations help to further integrate trade-related environmental issues into trade agreements. Because the domestic dimension of international negotiations is often neglected, this study focuses on consultation procedures between the government and interest groups. Determinants for the integration of environmental aspects into trade agreements can thus be worked out. The book is aimed at scholars and students in the field of social sciences, economics, environmental studies, journalists interested in global and regional trade issues as well as environmental themes, politicians dealing with trade and environment issues and NGOs and other interest groups working in the environmental and/or trade sector.

In a broad survey this issue of "Current African Issues" presents a multifaceted picture of the current state of the African economy. After a period of falling per capita incomes that started in the 1970s, Africa finally saw a turnaround from about 1995. The last few years have seen average per capita incomes in Africa grow by above 3 per cent per year on average, partly due to the resource boom but also due to improved economic policies. Africa receives more aid per capita than any other major region in the world and there is a significantly positive effect of aid on growth.One of the most notable aspects of the current process of globalization is the increase in trade between Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, particularly China and India. The authors conclude with a call for policy coherence among donors. The most problematic areas politically for policy change of those discussed in the paper are not aid policy but trade policy and the European Union Common Agricultural Policy. This is a challenge to EU policy makers, since the latter areas are probably the most important to change if we take our commitment to development seriously.