Comparative study of public enterprise management in different countries around the world, pointing to historical trends and current issues and problems. Experts survey an interesting collection of countries in the Americas, Asia, the Middle/Near East, Europe, and Australia. They also discuss public enterprise management education. References with each chapter contribute to the usefulness of this assessment for political scientists, public administrators, international businessmen, and those engaged in international studies.

Urban governance in most western democracies has seen various forms of public-private concerted actions becoming increasingly important instruments for local governments. These new features of urban governance are often seen as local governments trying to enhance their "capacity to act" by fusing their capabilities with those of other major societal actors. At the same time such transgressions of the border between the public and the private spheres of society make local governments more susceptible to political pressures from those actors. This volume looks at the historical development and present performance of public-private partnerships for local economic development in western Europe and the United States. The theoretical framework applied in the volume is derived from theories of governance as well as from institutional theory.

Since World War II the subject of social choice has grown in many and surprising ways. The impossibility theorems have suggested many directions: mathematical characterisations of voting structures satisfying various sets of conditions, the consequences of restricting choice to certain domaines, the relation to competitive equilibrium and the core, and trade-offs among the partial satisfactions of some conditions. The links with classical and modern theories of justice and, in particular, the competing ideas of rights and utilitarianism have shown the power of formal social choice analysis in illuminating the most basic philosophical arguments about the good social life. Finally, the ideals of the just society meet with the play of self interest; social choice mechanisms can lend themselves to manipulation, and the analysis of conditions under which given ideals can be realised under self interest is a political parallel to the welfare economics of the market. The contributors to these volumes focus on these issues at the forefront of current research.

In all countries debt and deficits of the public sector are at the heart of economic policy debate. Debt and deficits pose major problems, all the more pressing in Europe because of the Maastricht criteria for entry into European Monetary Union. And in the developing world debt has been associated with major financial crises. This volume, arising from an International Economic Association conference at the Bundesbank, sees academics and policy makers debate the key issues and their implications in theory and practice.

Local governments are hard-pressed to balance their budgets in the 1990s. Part of any budget-balancing effort is accurate forecasting. In this new work, Howard Frank introduces time-tested forecasting techniques from the private sector and military in a local forecasting environment. In a lucid, user-friendly treatment, Frank shows how simple and complex methods can be put to use in the contemporary local government setting. Through examples--many of them from his own research--the author delineates the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative and non-quantitative forecasting methods. Frank also shows how these techniques can be used to monitor changes in public programs--an increasingly important part of contemporary budget execution.

Frank does not assume an extensive mathematical or statistical background on the part of the reader--indeed, a forecast neophyte will have no difficulty understanding the text. Questions at the end of each chapter focus the reader on the major concepts and provide insights on practical applications within the urban setting. A cornerstone of the work is that local forecasters must be intelligent experimenters with the new tools--there is no canned advice that applies to all cities and forecast situations. But with application of forecasting approaches treated in this unique work, local budgeters--and those in training to become budgeters--will be able to adopt forecasting approaches that have been underutilized in local government.

Education Matters presents in one volume many of Alan B. Krueger's contributions to the economics of education. This invaluable collection of papers, based on his groundbreaking research from the 1990s, has been published in a wide range of professional outlets and has influenced public policy and research in the US and throughout the world. The book opens with an introductory essay explaining the importance of the study of the economics of education as well as providing an overview of the book. The author then goes on to discuss and analyse the important topics in the economics of education, including the economic pay off from attending school for longer, the return to investments in school resources, causes of the increased pay off to education, the contribution of education to economic growth, and racial differences in school quality and their consequences. The final chapter provides a framework for evaluating schools. This fascinating collection of work, from a writer at the forefront of economics and educational research, will be warmly welcomed by academics in the areas of human capital, economics and public policy, as well as by educational policymakers.

The financial difficulties experienced by Greece since 2009 serve as a reminder that countries (i.e., sovereigns) may default on their debt. Many observers considered the financial turmoil was behind us because major advanced countries had adopted stimulus packages to prevent banks from going bankrupt. However, there are rising doubts about the creditworthiness of several advanced countries that participated in the bailouts. In this uncertain context, it is particularly crucial to be knowledgeable about sovereign ratings. This book provides the necessary broad overview, which will be of interest to both economists and investors alike. Chapter 1 presents the main issues that are addressed in this book. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 provide the key notions to understand sovereign ratings. Chapter 2 presents an overview of sovereign rating activity since the first such ratings were assigned in 1918. Chapter 3 analyzes the meaning of sovereign ratings and the significance of rating scales; it also describes the refinement of credit rating policies and tools. Chapter 4 focuses on the sovereign rating process. Chapters 5 and 6 open the black box of sovereign ratings. Chapter 5 compares sovereign rating methodologies in the interwar years with those in the modern era. After examining how rating agencies have amended their methodologies since the 1990s, Chapter 6 scrutinizes rating disagreements between credit rating agencies (CRAs). Chapters 7 and 8 measure the performances of sovereign ratings by computing default rates and accuracy ratios: Chapter 7 looks at the interwar years and Chapter 8 at the modern era. The two chapters assess which CRA assigns the most accurate ratings during the respective periods. Chapters 9 and 10 compare the perception of sovereign risk by the CRAs and market participants. Chapter 9 focuses on the relation between JP Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global spreads and emerging countries' sovereign ratings for the period 1993-2007. Chapter 10 compares the eurozone members' sovereign ratings with Credit Default Swap-Implied Ratings (CDS-IRs) during the Greek debt crisis of November 2009-May 2010.

Fuguitt and Wilcox skillfully guide analysts, public sector managers, and students of decision-making through a full range of the essential steps to perform, interpret, and assess cost-benefit analysis. Their book shows how to grasp the principles of cost-benefit analysis and several related economic valuation methods, how to apply them in undertaking an objective analysis, and how to use the analysis as a decision-making tool across a wide range of fields and applications. An extensive knowledge of economic theory, calculus or advanced graphical analysis is not needed to understand the principles or techniques. Accessible to those who understand basic algebra and have a beginner's hold on statistics, the book also provides a bridge to the more advanced literature in economics and to other analyses used to perform sophisticated valuations. A unique, much-needed presentation of all that is required to gain an immediate, useful understanding of the topic.

The authors explain basic economic concepts and show how they are relevant to understanding an analytical approach. They enumerate principles and detail such technical components as with and without analysis, discounting, decision criteria and uncertainty assessment. The book provides especially extensive coverage of the contingent valuation method along with market valuation, the travel cost and property value methods, human life valuation, and cost-effectiveness analysis. They explain empirical methods used to perform these valuation techniques and cover survey and regression analysis as well. Most importantly, Fuguitt and Wilcox treat the topic within its real-world context--as a decision-making tool to assess a particular policy's efficiency and to provide the decision maker with necessary information. Trade-offs between efficiency and other policy objectives are also addressed, as is the interdisciplinary setting within which cost-benefit analysis is interpreted, enabling readers to understand that policy advocates and adversaries bring their own values and competing interests to bear on any decision-making process.

Highlighting recent revolutionary changes, this volume deals with the transformation from central planning towards more efficient economic structures in Eastern and Central Europe and the (former) Soviet Union. Political democracy and the creation of market economies have now become realistic aims; but the process of reform is only just beginning and is likely to take many years. The papers and discussion in this book deal with systematic changes, deregulation, abolition of price controls and macroeconomic fiscal and monetary policies needed to stablize the economies and to implement appropriate structural changes.

This text addresses the concerns of human rights in developing nations, reviews research, and suggests solutions for the problems. It is divided into three parts. The first section of the book presents an overview, in terms of the history of political terror in the developing world in the years 1980-1991 and also in examining the very term "human rights." The papers in Part II present different ways of looking at, conceptualizing and measuring human rights policies, practices or conditions. This is followed by an assessment of exactly why there are differences in human rights policies, practices and conditions in developing countries. The final chapter in this section reports the results of a study showing that good human rights practices in developing countries are promoted by the presence of democratic institutions.

Written during the Second World War against the background of the economic and political futility of the 1930s, this book deals with the changing role of government, and particularly fiscal policy as an instrument for regulating the national income and its distribution. Arguing that the war had an economic basis - the inability of the great industrial nations to provide full employment at rising standards of real income - the book discusses how the failure to achieve a world order in the political sphere must be sought in the facts of economic frustration.

In light of demographic change and the growing problems of traditional old-age security systems, this book discusses two essential instruments in connection with privately providing for old-age security: (1) savings in private pension schemes and (2) building up equity for home-ownership. Further, it assesses the relationship between the two instruments and offers a unique overview of the latest market developments. In order to represent the profound differences between the individual member states of the EU, this book features six country-specific studies - covering Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom - that provide detailed insights into the complexity of local private pension schemes, mortgage markets, and housing markets. Lastly, the book discusses public policies and fiscal incentives intended to better integrate residential property with private pensions. It will appeal to both, private households seeking to build up old-age security, as well as policy makers interested in providing secure pension schemes.

The book gives an overview of the implications of population ageing for economic development in general and financial systems in particular. It describes several challenges which the ageing process poses for central banks, giving special consideration to the situation in Europe. The first two chapters discuss the relationship between ageing and saving and between ageing and international capital flows. Other chapters consider the possible implications for financial markets. The final part of the volume raises issues which are of particular relevance for central banks, namely ageing and financial stability and how ageing will affect monetary policy. While the ageing problem has been the object of a growing debate in Europe during the past few years, little attention has been devoted so far to its monetary aspects.

Contents:
Part I. The foundations of the twentieth-century debt
1. Sinking funds, annuities and savings banks
2. An Edwardian debt
Part II. The Great War
3. Lloyd George's Loan
4. McKenna's conversion
5. The small saver and continuous borrowing
6. The beginning of overseas borrowing and the Anglo-French Loan
7. The year of drift: internal borrowing in 1916
8. The year of drift: external borrowing in 1916
9. External borrowing 1917-18: (I) the United States of America
10. External borrowing 1917-18: (II) the neutrals, Canada and silver
11. Bonar Law's Loans
12. National War Bonds and continuous borrowing
Part III. Repayment, refinancing, conversion and funding
13. Victory and funding
14. The struggle for internal control, 1919-23
15. The external market and Canada
16. The debt to the US Treasury and the Blackett-Rathbone talks
17. The Balfour Note and the Baldwin Settlement
18. The price of indebtedness, 1924-31
19. The great conversion
20. Savings Certificates, savings banks and capital advances
21. Debt repayment and the sinking funds
22. The development of market management

This book discusses the extent and nature of COVID-19 pandemic in India and its effect on the society and economy. The suggested management practices discussed here are also not stereotype. At the same time, it highlights deficiency in development fundamentals in India on several dimensions, especially health, education, quality of public spending, taxation orientation, external trade involvement across states, etc., deficiencies which create an inbuilt bottleneck toward the creation of a more equal society. While discussing these, the book throws light on how they were expectedly exacerbated by the sudden negative shock in the form of COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the book has highlighted the COVID pandemic and its response in India in the background of certain less discussed aspects of development fundamentals.  The contents would be of interest to researchers and students studying socioeconomic aspect of developmental economics and also to policy makers and non-government entities involved in mitigating effects of pandemic in the socioeconomic sphere.

On the surface the new president seems to inherit an empty house," Hugh Heclo, a recognized expert on American democratic institutions, has noted. "In fact, he enters an office already shaped and crowded by other people's desires." Empowering the White House examines how Richard Nixon entered that crowded Oval Office in 1969 yet managed to change it in a way that augmented the power of the presidency and continues to influence into the twenty-first century how his successors have governed.

Nixon's White House is perhaps best remembered for the growth in the size of the staff, which operated under the supposed iron fist of H. R. Haldeman. But more important than size and management style to the character of the Nixon White House were the assigned tasks, complexity, and dynamics of the burgeoning staff. Faced with hostile majorities in Congress and executive branch careerists assumed to be committed to a Democratic agenda, Nixon sought to control his political fate by engaging more actively than earlier presidents in public relations and the mobilization of support. At the command and under the control of the Oval Office, the staff carried out assignments designed to fulfill Nixon's aims.

This theoretically informed and well-researched study explains how Nixon changed and expanded the institutionalized presidency and how that affected the Ford and Carter administrations. Nixon ushered in a new stage in the modern presidency by organizing and using his increasingly complex staff in new ways that have persisted beyond the 1970s to this day. To a greater degree than any predecessor, Nixon systematized outreach, legal advice, and policy formulation. His White House staffing, then, has come to be regarded as a "standard model" that influences incoming presidents regardless of party affiliation.

Leavening this organizational study are revealing accounts of how the Nixon, Ford, and Carter staffs operated behind the scenes in the West Wing. Anyone needing to know how the White House worked during those presidencies--or how it has worked since--will find this book invaluable.

Written by two leading experts on multinational accounting and billion-dollar international investment funds, this book provides a framework for a global reform of the world monetary system, and defines a decidedly new approach to dealing with public debt mortgage, an issue that we can see in many countries in Europe and around the world. The authors put forward a proposal for transforming sterile financial masses, which are withdrawn from the real economy as they no longer bear interest, into wealth. To facilitate this return to the real economy, the authors propose that a significant share of public debt be converted into net equities in the world of business and goods production in order to find new profitable investment projects. The idea is bold, and the authors strive to demonstrate its technical feasibility. They are convinced that this approach can accompany and enhance a movement that has already begun, namely the implementation of vast national and international investment programs in major infrastructures and research projects in innovative sectors. This work builds on the authors’ two previous books, which focus on the monetary system. The first, published in 2010 and including a foreword by former French Finance Minister Christine Lagarde, analyzes the new virtual dimension of money. The second, published in 2014, puts forward an innovative proposal for a new financial regulation aimed at more stable economies. This third book is intended for professionals in the financial industry, including decision makers at banks, accounting and private equity firms, as well as policymakers at central banks and government institutions involved in the implementation of financial and monetary reforms.

This book presents the latest research in the field of Political Economy, dealing with the integration of economics and politics and the way institutions affect social decisions. The authors are eminent scholars from the U.S., Canada, Britain, Spain, Italy, Mexico and the Philippines. Many of them have been influenced by Nobel laureate Douglass North, who pioneered the new institutional social sciences, or by William H. Riker who contributed to the field of positive political theory.

The book focuses on topics such as: case studies in institutional analysis; research on war and the formation of states; the analysis of corruption; new techniques for analyzing elections, involving game theory and empirical methods; comparing elections under plurality and proportional rule, and in developed and new democracies.

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At a time of increasing demands on budgets, governments around the world are seeking to reduce health expenditure and introduce market-oriented reforms to the health sector. This is leading to profound shifts in the relationship between the state and the individual, as policy makers dismantle the welfare state and move towards a user-pays sytem.Health Policy in the Market State offers an overview of health policy in Australia, locating it within the broader context of power and interests analysis and shifts in government policy and public sector restructuring. It outlines the key issues in current health policy and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of specific policies and programs.Contributors include Ian Anderson and Maggie Brady, Mary Draper, Stephen Duckett, Liz Eckerman, Sophie Hill, Sharon Moore, Michael Muetzelfeldt, Janine Smith and Beth Wilson.Health Policy in the Market State is a valuable overview for students, as well as a comprehensive reference for health professionals and policy-makers.

This proceedings book showcases papers presented at the 2022 Rethinking Management and Economics in the (New) 20s conference in Leiria, Portugal. Rethinking Management and Economics in the (New) 20's is focused on the investigation of key challenges and perspectives of Management and Economics. The chapters in this book explore new avenues of research and cover theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies related to different themes in the global context of Management and Economics. This book contributes towards deepening our understanding of what the new problems associated with achieving the goals of management and Economics in the 2020s and present possible solutions to the problems. This book is ideal for economists, businesses, managers, accountants, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in the current issues and advancements in corporate governance and earnings management.

Second revised edition which provides an assessment of the current state of the supply-side of the economy. Includes an examination of Britain's role in the EU and the implications of the social chapter, an analysis of the structure of British industry since the end of the Cold War, and an assessment of the resources available in the year 2000.

The ability of a nation to finance its basic infrastructure is essential to its economic well-being in the 21st century. This book covers the municipal securities market in the United States from the perspective of its primary capital financing role in a fiscal federalist system, where subnational governments are responsible for financing the nation s essential physical infrastructure. Using the latest financial research and theory, Johnson, Luby and Moldogaziev use data-driven analysis to inform current public policy debates regarding the future of subnational government debt finance, including the regulation of professional financial service providers. The theories, research and practical examples in the book illustrate the policies and practices that helped governments navigate through the recent financial crisis and great recession, and those policies and practices that contributed to government shipwrecks. The book is designed to help officials make good, sound fiscal choices in a fast changing, complex financial world, and within the constraints imposed by fiscal rules and institutions. State and Local Financial Instruments will be of interest to academics, students and researchers interested in economics, finance, international studies and public policy. It is also an excellent reference tool for government officials, public policymakers and professionals working in finance. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. The Tax-Exemption of Municipal Debt 3. States as Fiscal 'Sovereigns' - Implications for Ability and Willingness to Pay in Full and on Time 4. The Federalist Framework: Fiscal Sovereignty, Federal Regulation and Disclosure 5. Subnational Government Debt Financial Management I - Financing Principles and Policies v6. Subnational Government Debt Financial Management II - Bringing an Issue to Market: Networks and Practices 7. The Serial Debt Issue Structure 8. Secondary Market Disclosure 9. Financial Engineering 10. Reducing Debt Service by Refunding Debt 11. Lessons Learned From the Birth, Growth and Collapse of the Municipal Auction Rate Securities (MARS) Market 12. Enhancing Municipal Credit 13. 'Non-Traditional' Capital Financing Mechanisms 14. Conclusion Index

Debt and Development in Small Island Developing States draws on the expertise of established researchers and public officials from within the SIDS community to answer the following pressing questions related to sustainability, debt accumulation, and prospects for future growth.