Die langste Zeit wahrend der Kulturgeschichte haben Menschen Vorstellungen von "Parallelwelten" gepflegt - von einer diesseitigen Sphare und von einer jenseitigen Sphare, die von ubersinnlichen Gestalten bevoelkert ist. Seit jeher waren die Menschen darum bemuht, die Intentionen der Instanzen in der jenseitigen Sphare zu ergrunden, um deren Wohlwollen fur sich zu erlangen. Die Sphare des UEbersinnlichen erschliesst sich uber die Religion. Das Gemeinsame in allen Religionen ist deren weitgehend ahnlich strukturiertes Fundament. Und der Baustoff dieses Fundaments ist Spiritualitat. Sprache, Schrift und Bilder, diese wichtigen Komponenten zum Aufbau von Kultur, werden fur die religioese Kommunikation eingesetzt und in Riten und Ritualen aktiviert. In dieser Studie werden die Umrisse fur eine Urgeschichte der Transzendenz skizziert, respektive fur eine anthropologische Konstante in allen Kulturen.

Die Dokumentation eines Forschungsprojektes zielt auf die Rekonstruktion der Diskurse uber den Islam in Lesebuchern des Deutschen Kaiserreiches. Sie erschliesst mittels Digital Humanities und germanistisch-textanalytischer Verfahren ein digitalisiertes Textkorpus und leistet einen Beitrag zur historischen Schulbuchforschung. Wie sich zeigt, entwerfen die Lesebucher den Islam kontrastiv zum christlich gepragten kulturellen Selbstbild als eine orientalische, antimoderne Religion mit fatalistisch-bellizistischen Tendenzen. Konstitutives Element ist ein historisches Narrativ um die Begegnungen von christlicher und muslimischer Welt: Ereignisse diverser Epochen werden mit dem Ziel nationaler Sinnstiftung aufeinander bezogen, die Muslime als ernstzunehmende, doch unterlegene Gegner prasentiert.

This is the most accessible work in English on the greatest mystical poet of Islam.

Every year, at the Wa Huang Gong temple in Hebei Province, China, people gather to worship the great mother, Nuwa, the oldest deity in Chinese myth, praising her for bringing them a happy life. It is a vivid demonstration of both the ancient reach and the continuing relevance of mythology in the lives of the Chinese people.
Compiled from ancient and scattered texts and based on groundbreaking new research, Handbook of Chinese Mythology is the most comprehensive English-language work on the subject ever written from an exclusively Chinese perspective. This work focuses on the Han Chinese people but ranges across the full spectrum of ancient and modern China, showing how key myths endured and evolved over time. A quick reference section covers all major deities, spirits, and demigods, as well as important places (Kunlun Mountain), mythical animals and plants (the crow with three feet; Fusang tree), and related items (Xirang-a kind of mythical soil; Bu Si Yao-mythical medicine for long life). No other work captures so well what Chinese mythology means to the people who lived and continue to live their lives by it.
With more than 40 illustrations and photographs, fresh translations of primary sources, and insight based on the authors' own field research, Handbook of Chinese Mythology offers an illuminating account of a fascinating corner of the world of myth.

Paul Gray is the GrammyA(R) Award winning bassist of Slipknot. In his IMV Behind the Player DVD, Gray gives an intimate behind-the scenes look at his life as a professional musician - including rare photos and video footage.
Gray then gives in-depth bass lessons for how to play "Duality" and "Surfacing" by Slipknot and jams the tracks with Stone Sour drummer Roy Mayorga.
VideoTaba shows exactly how Gray plays the two tracks. The video-game-style animated tablature is similar to GuitarHero(TM), but shows how to play the tracks for real.
Other IMV Behind the Player titles include:
* KoRn guitarist Munky
* Rob Zombie guitarist John 5
* Atreyu guitarist Dan Jacobs
* Tim Skold, former guitarist and bassist for Marilyn Manson
* Velvet Revolver bassist Duff McKagan
* Alice in Chains bassist Mike Inez
* KoRn bassist Fieldy
* Ozzy Osbourne bassist Blasko
* Godsmack bassist Robbie Merrill
* Rob Zombie drummer Tommy Clufetos
* Jane's Addiction and Porno for Pyros drummer Stephen Perkins
* Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin
* and guitar legend George Lynch.

This book brings ethnographies of everyday power and ritual into dialogue with intellectual studies of theology and political theory. It underscores the importance of academic collaboration between scholars of religion, anthropology, and history in uncovering the structures of thinking and action that make politics work. The volume weaves important discussions around sovereignty in modern South Asian history with debates elsewhere on the world map. South Asia's colonial history - especially India's twentieth-century emergence as the world's largest democracy - has made the subcontinent a critical arena for thinking about how transformations and continuities in conceptions of sovereignty provide a vital frame for tracking shifts in political order. The chapters deal with themes such as sovereignty, kingship, democracy, governance, reason, people, nation, colonialism, rule of law, courts, autonomy, and authority, especially within the context of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers in politics, ideology, religion, sociology, history, and political culture, as well as the informed reader interested in South Asian studies.

This manuscript deals specifically with the contentious issue of sewa, organized service to humanity, which was Vivekananda's legacy to his followers. It is a distinctive contribution to the study of the Ramakrishna movement in its exclusive focus on the idea of service. It argues that the Ramakrishna movement's commitment to sewa was shaped by a complex of varied influences. These included not only the impact of individuals such as Vivekananda and the interaction between Indian and western ideals, but also dramatic changes in the delivery of organized philanthropy. That took place during the nineteenth century in societies disrupted by industrialization and colonization. The study will trace the way in which social, economic, and political factors beyond its direct control have also conspired to make increasing demands upon the Ramakrishna Math and Mission as a provider of service. The debate surrounding he genesis and growth of the sadhana of service within the Ramakrishna movement has been a fascinating one not least because of the various interests and starting points of those who have participated in it. The study is rooted in substantial direct encounters with the Ramakrishna Math and Mission's contemporary practice of the sadhana of service in both India and Bangladesh. It includes material taken from interviews conducted with members of the movement, and is enriched by reference to literature produced by individual Math and Mission centers which is not very widely known.

A best-selling history of the Third Crusade, when the Catholic Church waged war against heretics in its own ranks In 1208 Pope Innocent III called for a Crusade against a country of fellow-Christians. The new enemy was Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, one of the greatest princes in Western Christendom, premier baron of all the territories in southern France where the langue d'oc was spoken. So began the Albigensian Crusade (named after the French town of Albi), which was to culminate in 1244 with the massacre of Cathars at the mountain fortress of Montsegur. This Crusade was the Catholic Church's response to the rapid growth of a rival Christian religion in the very heart of Christendom - the religion of the Cathars (or 'pure ones'). These heretics drew their strength from the consciousness of belonging to a faith that had never seen eye to eye with Catholicism and was more ancient than the Church itself. From the beginning this religious war was to show all the characteristics of a national resistance movement, so that in the end it was not just the survival of the Cathar faith that was at stake but also that of the Languedoc itself as an autonomous and independent region of France.

Die mittelalterliche armenische Geschichtsschreibung ist von Bedeutung nicht nur fur die Kenntnis der Ereignisse im Gebiet des Transkaukasus, sondern auch Kleinasiens, des Nahen Ostens und Zentralasiens. Ebenso grundlegend ist sie aber auch fur das Verstandnis der modernen Entwicklungen und politischen Verhaltnisse in diesem geographischen Grossraum. Wie sehr die armenische mit der Geschichte der gesamten Region verknupft ist, wird im Werk des Kirakos Ganjekec'i (d.h. aus Ganjak, dem heutigen Ganca/Gandscha) anschaulich. Die Darstellung fasst Ereignisse vom 4. bis zum 13. Jahrhundert zusammen und beschreibt Armenien neben kurzen Perioden der politischen Machtentfaltung als Schlusselposition konkurrierender Grossmachte, Schauplatz von Invasionen, Kampfplatz religioes-politischer Konzepte und Durchgangsroute von Handelswegen. Diese Quelle in ihrem Kontext zu analysieren, ist Zielsetzung dieses Buches.

In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie sich das von den Achameniden aufgebaute Weltreich bis zu seinem Untergang entwickelt beziehungsweise welche Vorgaben es bei der Errichtung eines Staates durch die ersten Seleukiden hinterlassen hat. Des Weiteren wird dargestellt, wie im seleukidischen Reich griechische, makedonische, achamenidische und sonstige altorientalische Traditionen zu einem lebensfahigen Ganzen verbunden wurden. Deshalb wird keiner der beteiligten Fachdisziplinen Altorientalistik, Iranistik und Alte Geschichte ein Vorrang eingeraumt, vielmehr sollen alle Forschungsbereiche nach den dort jeweils geltenden Kriterien fur Vollstandigkeit durchdrungen werden. Auf diese Weise soll die Frage beantwortet werden, inwiefern Sachzwange beziehungsweise historische Vorgaben die Entstehung dieser Staaten determiniert haben, beziehungsweise welche Bedeutung dem gestalterischen Freiraum von Grundern und massgeblichen Herrscherpersoenlichkeiten beizumessen ist.

Bob Marley was a reggae superstar who is considered to be one of the most influential musicians of all time. Born in rural Jamaica, this musician and songwriter began his career with his band, The Wailing Wailers, in 1963. The Wailers went on to spread the gospel of reggae music around the globe. Bob's distinctive style and dedication to his Rastafari beliefs became a rallying cry for the poor and disenfranchised the world over and led to a hugely successful solo career. After his death in 1981, Bob Marley became a symbol of Jamaican culture and identity. His greatest-hits album, Legend, remains the best-selling reggae album of all time. Who Was Bob Marley? tells the story of how a man with humble roots became an international icon.

Anthropologist David Jordan and Daniel Overmyer, a historian of religions, present a joint analysis of the most important group of sectarian religious societies in contemporary Taiwan: those that engage in automatic writing seances, or worship by means of the phoenix" writing implement. Originally published in 1986. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This study was defended as a dissertation in Groningen (1998). The first monograph in the series, it studies the Acts of John in its second-century context and sheds new light on the text, which was probably written in Asia Minor before the year 150 AD. Lalleman shows that both the Gnostic and the non-Gnostic sections of the Acts of John owe much more to the canonical books of the New Testament than has been assumed. The enigma of the Gnostic section is solved by the discovery that it forms the second stage of initiation into a Gnostic form of Christianity. Read in this way, both sections of the Acts of John turn out to be important steps on the trajectory from the Fourth Gospel to Gnosticism. Penetrating investigations of the Christology and the attitude towards asceticism in the Acts of John complete the book (Peeters 1998)

Santeria is an African-inspired, Cuban diaspora religion long stigmatized as witchcraft and often dismissed as superstition, yet its spirit- and possession-based practices are rapidly winning adherents across the world. Aisha M. Beliso-De Jesus introduces the term "copresence" to capture the current transnational experience of Santeria, in which racialized and gendered spirits, deities, priests, and religious travelers remake local, national, and political boundaries and reconfigure notions of technology and transnationalism. Drawing on eight years of ethnographic research in Havana and Matanzas, Cuba, and in New York City, Miami, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay area, Beliso-De Jesus traces the phenomenon of copresence in the lives of Santeria practitioners, mapping its emergence in transnational places and historical moments and its ritual negotiation of race, imperialism, gender, sexuality, and religious travel. Santeria's spirits, deities, and practitioners allow digital technologies to be used in new ways, inciting unique encounters through video and other media. Doing away with traditional perceptions of Santeria as a static, localized practice or as part of a mythologized "past," this book emphasizes the religion's dynamic circulations and calls for nontranscendental understandings of religious transnationalisms.

"Secrets of Voodoo" traces the development of this complex religion (in Haiti and the Americas) from its sources in the brilliant civilizations of ancient Africa. This book presents a straightforward account of the gods or loas and their function, the symbols and signs, rituals, the ceremonial calendar of Voodoo, and the procedures for performing magical rites are given.

"Voodoo," derived from words meaning "introspection" and "mystery," is a system of belief about the formation of the world and human destiny with clear correspondences in other world religions. Rigaud makes these connections and discloses the esoteric meaning underlying Voodoo's outward manifestations, which are often misinterpreted. Translated from the French by Robert B. Cross. Drawings and photographs by Odette Mennesson-Rigaud.

Milo Rigaud was born in Port au Prince, Haiti, in 1903, where he spent the greater part of his life studying the Voodoo tradition. In Haiti he studied law, and in France ethnology, psychology, and theology. The involvement of Voodoo in the political struggle of Haitian blacks for independence was one of his main concerns.

This major work offers a historical description and systematic analysis of the root causes of this global economic crisis, which the authors understand as a crisis of western civilization. Secondly, they assume (and prove) that the religions of the Axial Age were shaped by the suffering of people, deepened by the emergence of a new economy - based on money, private property and interest. They assume that the proven convergence of the Axial Age religions in responding to the social, psychological (and already ecological) consequences of the new economy can inform, motivate and empower faith communities and their members to join hands with social movements towards a new personal and collective culture of life. In part I they show the linkage between the contexts of antiquity and modernity concerning the role of money, private property and the related structures and mentalities of greed, producing suffering, and psychological, social and ecological destruction. They show how the religions of the Axial Age responded to this context in similar ways but with interesting specific emphases. In relation to today's situation we also raise the question of psychological hindrances to change in the different social classes, affected by neoliberalism, and how to overcome them. Before drawing the conclusions for present-day alliance-building between faith communities and social movements for alternatives to neoliberal globalization in Part III they offer a fundamental critique of the ambivalence of modernity in Part II.

Tourists to Ouidah, a city on the coast of the Republic of Benin, in West Africa, typically visit a few well-known sites of significance to the Vodun religion-the Python Temple, where Dangbe, the python spirit, is worshipped, and King Kpasse's sacred forest, which is the seat of the Vodun deity known as Loko. However, other, less familiar places, such as the palace of the so-called supreme chief of Vodun in Benin, are also rising in popularity as tourists become increasingly adventurous and as more Vodun priests and temples make themselves available to foreigners in the hopes of earning extra money. Timothy R. Landry examines the connections between local Vodun priests and spiritual seekers who travel to Benin-some for the snapshot, others for full-fledged initiation into the religion. He argues that the ways in which the Vodun priests and tourists negotiate the transfer of confidential, sacred knowledge create its value. The more secrecy that surrounds Vodun ritual practice and material culture, the more authentic, coveted, and, consequently, expensive that knowledge becomes. Landry writes as anthropologist and initiate, having participated in hundreds of Vodun ceremonies, rituals, and festivals. Examining the role of money, the incarnation of deities, the limits of adaptation for the transnational community, and the belief in spirits, sorcery, and witchcraft, Vodun ponders the ethical implications of producing and consuming culture by local and international agents. Highlighting the ways in which racialization, power, and the legacy of colonialism affect the procurement and transmission of secret knowledge in West Africa and beyond, Landry demonstrates how, paradoxically, secrecy is critically important to Vodun's global expansion.

“A wonderful translation, full of contemporary insight yet luminous with eternal truth.”—Jacob Needleman

The Yoga Sutras were cast in their present form in India around the third century b.c. Yoga is from the Sanskrit root meaning “union,” and a sutra is a thread or aphoristic verse. The basic questions “Who am I?” “Where am I going?” “What is the purpose of life?” are asked by each new generation, and Patanjali’s answers form one of the oldest and most vibrant spiritual texts in the world. He explains what yoga is, how it works, and exactly how to purify the mind and let it settle into absolute stillness. This stillness is our own Self. It is the indispensable ground for Enlightenment, which is the ultimate goal of all our aspirations.

Alistair Shearer’s lucid introduction and superb translation, fully preserving Patanjali’s jewel-like style, bring these ancient but vital teachings to those who seek the path of self-knowledge today.

Bell Tower’s series, Sacred Teachings, offers essential spiritual classics from all traditions. May each book become a trusted companion on the way of truth, encouraging readers to study the wisdom of the ages and put it into practice each day.

Ezra Taft Benson is perhaps the most controversial apostle-president in the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. For nearly fifty years he delivered impassioned sermons in Utah and elsewhere, mixing religion with ultraconservative right-wing political views and conspiracy theories. His teachings inspired Mormon extremists to stockpile weapons, predict the end of the world, and commit acts of violence against their government. The First Presidency rebuked him, his fellow apostles wanted him disciplined, and grassroots Mormons called for his removal from the Quorum of the Twelve. Yet Benson was beloved by millions of Latter-day Saints, who praised him for his stances against communism, socialism, and the welfare state, and admired his service as secretary of agriculture under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Using previously restricted documents from archives across the United States, Matthew L. Harris breaks new ground as the first to evaluate why Benson embraced a radical form of conservatism, and how under his leadership Mormons became the most reliable supporters of the Republican Party of any religious group in America.

The experience of the divine in India has three components, sight, performance, and sound. One in a trilogy of books that include Diana Eck's "Darsan: Seeing the Divine in India, " and Susan L. Schwartz's "Rasa: Performing the Divine in India, Mantra" presents an introduction to the use of sound -- mantra -- in the practice of Indian religion.

Mantra -- in the form of prayers, rituals, and chants -- permeate the practice of Indian religion in both temple and home settings. This book investigates the power of mantra to transform consciousness. It examines the use and theory of mantra under various religious schools, such as the Patanjali sutras and tantra, and includes references to Hindu, Sikh, Sufi, Islam, and Buddhist traditions. This edition adds new sections on the use of sacred sound in Hindu and Sikh North American diaspora communities and on the North American non-Indian practice of yoga and mantra.

Jayadeva's dramatic lyrical poem "Gitagovinda" is one of the most important works in Indian literature and a source of religious inspiration in both medieval and contemporary Vaishnavism. Revealing an intense earthly passion to express the complexities of divine and human love, its songs are an important part of Indian devotional music and literature.

The twentith anniversary edition of the renowned translation by noted scholar Barbara Stoler MIller brings this classic to a new generation of readers and offers fresh insights for those familiar with the text.

"The best book on Bali for the serious visitor...Has the freshness of personal experience."--Dr. Hildred Geertz, author of Kinship in Bali and Professor of Anthropology at Princeton University In Bali, what you see--sekala--is a colorful world of ceremony, ritual, dance, and drama. What you don't see what is occult--niskala--is the doctrine underlying the pageants, the code underlying the rites, and the magic underlying the dance. In this book, author Fred Eiseman explores both tangibles and intangibles in the realm of Balinese religion, ritual, and performing arts. The essays collected here topics ranging from Hindu mythology to modern gamelan music. Eiseman's approach is that of a dedicated reporter in love with his subject--he has the knowledge and patience to explain the near-infinite permutations of the Balinese calendar, and yet he is still moved by the majesty of the great Eka Dasa Rudra ceremony. The author's 28 years experience on the island shows and this book rewards close reading--even by the most seasoned students of Balinese culture.

Outline of the processes of cosmic evolution, including detailed exercises for attaining higher conscious states.