From the depths of the oceans to the highest reaches of the atmosphere, the human impact on the environment is significant and undeniable. These forms of global and local environmental change collectively appear to signal the arrival of a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene. This is a geological era defined not by natural environmental fluctuations or meteorite impacts, but by collective actions of humanity.

Environmental Transformations offers a concise and accessible introduction to the human practices and systems that sustain the Anthropocene. It combines accounts of the carbon cycle, global heat balances, entropy, hydrology, forest ecology and pedology, with theories of demography, war, industrial capitalism, urban development, state theory and behavioural psychology. This book charts the particular role of geography and geographers in studying environmental change and its human drivers. It provides a review of critical theories that can help to uncover the socio-economic and political factors that influence environmental change. It also explores key issues in contemporary environmental studies, such as resource use, water scarcity, climate change, industrial pollution and deforestation. These issues are ‘mapped’ through a series of geographical case studies to illustrate the particular value of geographical notions of space, place and scale, in uncovering the complex nature of environmental change in different socio-economic, political and cultural contexts. Finally, the book considers the different ways in which nations, communities and individuals around the world are adapting to environmental change in the twenty-first century.

Particular attention is given throughout to the uneven geographical opportunities that different communities have to adapt to environmental change and to the questions of social justice this situation raises. This book encourages students to engage in the scientific uncertainties that surround the study of environmental change, while also discussing both pessimistic and more optimistic views on the ability of humanity to address the environmental challenges of our current era.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction – Geography in the Anthropocene Section 1: Environmental Transformations Chapter 2: Resources – Oil and Water Chapter 3: Air – Science and the Atmosphere Chapter 4: Soil – The Political Ecology of Soil Degradation Chapter 5: Forests – Jungle Capitalism and the Corporate Environment Chapter 6: Cities – Sprawl and the Urban Planet Section 2: Living in the Anthropocene Chapter 7: Governing the Environment Chapter 8: Greening the Brain: Understanding and Changing Human Behaviour Chapter 9: Conclusions: Misanthropy, Adaptation and Safe Operating Spaces

This major, definitive anthology of writings is a complete and up-to-date guide to environmental literacy. This major anthology is the first to apply a fully interdisciplinary approach to environmental studies. A comprehensive guide to environmental literacy, the book demonstrates how the sciences, social sciences, and humanities all contribute to understanding our interrelationships with the natural world. Though not specialized, Environment is a book that even specialists can learn from. Ten innovative case studies--climate shock, species endangerment, nuclear power, biotechnology, sustainable development, deforestation, environmental security, globalization, wilderness, and the urban environment-are followed by readings from specific disciplines. These can be integrated with the case studies to shape individual interests and teaching strategies. The volume presents an imaginative array of texts, from scientific papers to poetry, legal decisions to historical accounts, personal essays to economic analysis. Taken together, these selections provide a balanced, authoritative, and up-to-date treatment of key issues in environmental studies.

Politics and the Environment has established itself as one of the most comprehensive textbooks in this area. This new edition has been completely revised and updated whilst retaining the features and the theory-to-practice focus which made the first two editions so successful.

This text is designed to introduce students to the key concepts and issues which surround environmental problems and their political solutions. The authors investigate the people, movements and organisations that form and implement these policies, and explore the barriers which hinder successful introduction of international environmental politics.

The 3rd edition has been expanded to include:

The shift in focus in environmental politics from sustainable development to climate change governance

An extensive discussion on climate change: including institutional, national and global responses in the aftermath of the Kyoto protocol

An increased international focus with more case studies from the UK, Europe, Australia and North America

More discussion of global environmental social movements: including the US environmental organisations, in particular the Green Party and the environmental justice groups

This textbook is an invaluable and accessible resource for undergraduates studying environmental politics.

Table of Contents

Introduction Part 1: Environmental Thought and Political Action 1. Environmental Philosophy 2. Green Ideology 3. Environmental Movements Part 2: The Background to Environmental Policy Making 4. Rationality and Power in Environmental Decision Making 5. Choosing the Means 6. Valuation of the Environment Part 3: Multi-Level Environmental Governance: Global to Local 7. Greening Global Governance 8. European Integration 9. Constructing the Green State 10. Local Democracy and Local Authorities. Conclusion

For many, Africa is regarded as a place of mystery and negative images, where reports of natural disasters and civil strife dominate media attention, with relatively little publicity given to any of the continent's more positive attributes. Africa has at last begun to receive the depth of interest it has long deserved, in the shape of debates about trade, aid and debt, the 'Make Poverty History' campaign, and the UK's 'Commission on Africa'. But, behind the superficial media facade, Africa is a diverse, complex and dynamic place, with a rich history and a colonial engagement that, although short-lived, was fundamental in determining the long-term future of the continent. At the start of the second decade of the twenty-first century, when the world is engulfed in a major financial crisis, Africa has the dubious distinction of being the world's poorest continent. This book introduces and de-mystifies Africa's diversity and dynamism, and considers how its peoples and environments have interacted through time and space. The background and diversity of Africa's social, cultural, economic, political and environmental systems is examined, as well as key development issues which have affected Africa in the past and are likely to be significant in shaping the future of the continent. These include: the impact of HIV/AIDS; sources of conflict and post-conflict reconstruction; the state and governance; the nature of African economies in a global context and future development trajectories. Africa: Diversity and Development is a refreshing interdisciplinary text which enhances understanding of the background to Africa's current position and clarifies possible future scenarios. It is richly illustrated throughout with diagrams and plates, and contains a wealth of detailed case studies and current data.

The grass family, known as Poaceae, is probably the most important plant family on earth. Grasses were the first food plants to be cultivated by man. Grass crops, such as maize, wheat, rice and sugarcane are still our most important food source to farm animals and the large herds of grazing animals in the wild. The identification of grasses becomes important during land management as the various grass species differ in their grazing value and other ecological functions. Furthermore, weedy grasses react differently to different herbicides and therefore need to be correctly identified. This title, Guide to grasses of southern Africa, is the most comprehensive colour identification guide to the common grasses of southern Africa and includes, among others, the following features: descriptions and illustrations of the 320 most important grasses in southern Africa, an easy-to-use grass identification key, more than 1 000 excellent photographs in full colour, thirteen short, fully illustrated introductory chapters with general information on grasses, common names of grasses in indigenous languages, icons that enable the reader to obtain certain information at a glance.

One of the leading texts in the field, The Economics of Recreation, Leisure and Tourism is the ideal introduction to the fundamentals of economics in these industries, helping you to pass an economics module as part of tourism, recreation, events or sport management degrees.

It is written in an engaging style that assumes no prior knowledge of economics. It applies economic theory to a range of tourism industry issues at the consumer, business, national and international level by using topical examples to give the theory real-world context. This book is richly illustrated with diagrams, and contains a range of features such as international case studies showcasing current issues, review questions and extracts from journals to aid understanding and further knowledge, as well as new data and statistics.

This fifth edition has been revised and updated to include:

New content on recent economic data, consumer choice looking at income–leisure decision approaches, growth areas of sports and events, environmental issues, the impact of the global economic crisis and what may happen in the future. Evidence is put forward to provide a sense of the dynamics of world economies.

Updated and new international case studies throughout that demonstrate theoretical principles of economics as applied to tourism

Updated companion website with PowerPoint slides

Table of Contents

Contents Preface to the fifth edition 1. Introduction Part 1: Organizations and Markets 2. Recreation, leisure and tourism organizations 3. The market for recreation, leisure and tourism products Part 2: Further Issues of Demand and Supply 4. Demand: time preference, elasticity and forecasting 5. Supply and costs Part 3: Markets in Practice 6. Market structure and pricing 7. Market intervention Part 4: The External Operating Environment 8. The competitive, technological, political and sociocultural environment 9. The economic environment Part 5: Investment 10. Investment in the private sector 11. Investment in the public sector Part 6: Economic Impacts 12. Income, employment and prices 13. Economic development and regeneration Part 7: The Global Economy 14. The balance of payments and exchange rates 15. Globalization Part 8 Environmental Economics 16. Environmental impacts 17. Action for sustainability 18. Critique, alternative perspectives and change Bibliography Index

Introduction to Geography: People, Places, & Environment, Sixth Edition introduces the major tools, techniques, and methodological approaches of the discipline through new applied visual features that engage students and reinforce real-world connections. The authors emphasize the integration of various aspects of geographic processes and systems by discussing what happens in one set of geographic processes and how that affects others. For example, what happens in economic systems affects environmental conditions; what happens to climate affects political dynamics. The Sixth Edition has been tightly integrated with MasteringGeography (TM), Pearson's online homework, tutorial, and assessment product designed to improve results by helping students quickly master concepts. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; My_Lab/Mastering does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and My_Lab/Mastering search for ISBN-10: 0321843320 /ISBN-13: 9780321843326, Introduction to Geography: People, Places & Environment Plus MasteringGeography with eText -- Access Card Package. That package includes: 0321843339 / 9780321843333 Introduction to Geography: People, Places & Environment 0321935012 / 9780321935014 MasteringGeography with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Introduction to Geography: People, Places & Environment My_Lab/Mastering is not a self-paced technology and should only be purchased when required by an instructor.

Global Airlines: Competition in a Transnational Industry presents an overview of the changing scene in air transport covering current issues such as security, no frills airlines, 'open skies' agreements, the outcome of the recent downturn in economic activity and the emergence of transnational airlines, and takes a forward looking view of these challenges for the industry.
Since the publication of the second edition in 1999 major changes have occurred in the industry. The 'rules of the game' in air transport are now beginning to change; and it is time to take the story forward. This third edition contains nine new chapters and tackles the following issues amongst others:
* Security: The tragic events of 11 September 2001, followed by the war in Iraq, and the resultant heightened tensions over security and passenger safety.
* Financial instability: the cyclical downturn in economic activity has led some airlines to the verge of bankruptcy. Even some large well-established carriers are not immune from this. How can the industry look to survive?
* Attaining global reach: implications of transborder mergers, open skies agreements and the transatlantic Common Aviation area. Can full globalisation ever be reached?
* Low-cost carriers and e-commerce: as both increase, how much the industry re-structure and deal with issues associated with increased passenger traffic and decreased labour requirements?
* Airport capacity: Air traffic is estimated to grow at a long-term average annual rate of 5 per cent per annum. But many airports in many parts of the world are already reaching their capacity limits. How can this be overcome and are the environmental implications?
Usingup to date data and case studies from major international airlines such as United Airlines, British Airways, and Qantas amongst many others, Global Airlines provides a comprehensive insight into today's global airline industry.
* Addresses the critical issues in the development of the airline industry and considers options for airline strategies and government policies
* Updated to reflect recent developments including security issues, no frills airlines, 'open skies' agreements and the recent downturn in economic activity, and what this means for the future of the industry.
* Facts and theories are interwoven throughout the text

Environmental Impact Assessment collates most of the existing important information regarding the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process in one compact volume. It follows the logical progression of an EIA using international best practice techniques and principles, and now includes the most up-to-date 2012 regulatory information.

Environmental Impact Assessment sets a baseline for EIA in South Africa. It is the first BOOK on this topic written specifically for the South African context, although it is applicable to all developing countries.

Environmental Impact Assessment was written for environmental professionals and students entering the field for the first time, but it will also provide practical advice for advanced students and experienced consultants working in related fields.

The modern farmer is confronted with almost insurmountable problems such as rising costs, lower product prices and escalating interest rates on the purchase of farming land. These factors are forcing farmers to optimally develop their business acumen and managerial skills in order to manage their farming enterprises as economically as possible. This title contains the basic principles of financial farming management, analysis and control.

Urbanization: An Introduction to Urban Geography, Third Edition captures the changes in the nature and outcomes of urbanization processes for people, as well as the development of new ways of thinking about urban geography. Unraveling the interlocking processes of urbanization, Knox and McCarthy present a vivid and meaningful explanation of constantly changing urban geographies and urban life. This framework supports the discussion of recent changes while addressing much of the traditional subject matter of urban geography. The book's dynamic approach also allows for integration of both theories and facts, where key concepts and theories are presented in relation to prior events and ideas-providing a coherent and comprehensive introduction to urban geography that is both a historical and process-oriented approach. With a U.S. focus that also offers global context and comparative international perspectives, the authors examine urban trends and their outcomes in both developed and less-developed countries to understand, analyze, and interpret the landscapes, economies, and communities of towns and cities around the world

To understand modern principles of sustainable management and the conservation of wildlife species requires intimate knowledge about demography, animal behavior, and ecosystem dynamics. With emphasis on practical application and quantitative skill development, this book weaves together these disparate elements in a singlecoherent textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students. It reviews analytical techniques, explaining the mathematical and statistical principles behind them, and shows how these can be used to formulaterealistic objectives within an ecological framework.

This third edition is comprehensive and up-to-date, and includes: Brand new chapters that disseminate rapidly developing topics in the field: habitat use and selection; habitat fragmentation, movement, and corridors; population viability. analysis, the consequences of climate change; and evolutionary responses to disturbanceA thorough updating of all chapters to present important areas of wildlife research and management with recent developments and examples.A new online study aid - a wide variety of downloadable computer programs in the freeware packages R and Mathcad, available through a companion website. Worked examples enable readers to practice calculations explained in the text and to develop a solid understanding of key statistical procedures and population models commonly used in wildlife ecology and management.The first half of the book provides a solid background in key ecological concepts. The second half uses these concepts to develop a deeper understanding of the principles underlying wildlife management and conservation. Global examples of real-life management situations provide a broad perspective on the international problems of conservation, and detailed case histories demonstrate concepts and quantitative analyses. This third edition isalso valuable to professional wildlife managers, park rangers, biological resource managers, and thoseworking in ecotourism.

eTourism Case Studies bridges the gap in contemporary literature by carefully examining marketing and management issues of many international companies that have successfully implemented eTourism solutions.

Divided into six sections this book explores the newest developments in this field, introducing and discussing emerging trends, approaches, models and paradigms, providing visions for the future of eTourism and supporting discussion and elaboration with the help of thorough pedagogic aids.

With contributions from leading global experts both from the industry and academia, each case follows a rigid structure, with features such as bulleted summaries and review questions, as well as each section having its own thorough introduction and conclusion written by the editors, highlighting the key issues and theories.

This is the first book of its kind to bring together cases highlighting best practice and methods for exploiting ICT in the tourism industry, from international market leaders.

Table of Contents

Introduction;Hospitality: InterContinental Hotel Group: Dealing with Online Intermediaries; InterContinental Hotel Group: Managing Inventory with HOLIDEX PLUS; Sino Group of Hotels: Handling multi¬property operations; Omena Hotels: Technology towards operational efficiency; Carnival City: Valuating Guests in the gaming Industry; Hotel Sallerhof: Innovations in Interaction; ?Emmantina? and ?Palmyra Beach? Hotels: Distribution for Independent Hotels; Intermediaries: Lastminute.com: From Reservation System to Lifestyle Portal; Expedia.de: Electronic Travel Supermarket; Wotif.com: Last minute selling of distressed accommodation inventory; A2Z Professional Travel Ltd.: Online Travel Agency in Thailand; ITWG: Increasing intermediated flows; Incoming Partners: Integrating operations; Orbis On Line: Internet distribution strategies for a regional hotel group; SideStep: Travel Meta Seach Engine; HolidayCheck: Rendering holiday impressions; TUI: Integrating Destination Information; Cultuzz: Managing eBay as a distribution channel; Amadeus: Evolution of GDS; Amadeus: Global Distribution System's new paradigm; Pegasus Solutions: Providing Interconnectivity; Destination; VisitBritain: Satisfying the online Market dynamics; Spain.info: Towards Stakeholder Network; BonjourQuebec.com: A Vision, a Strategy, a Brand; The Province of Rimini: Communicating with the customer; Tanzania: Extending eTourism Tools utilisation; Tiscover: Destination Management System Pioneer; Feratel Media Technologies: Providing DMS Technology; Transportation; British Airways: Customer enabled interactivity; Kulula.com: Low Cost Carrier & ICTs; Finnair: Innovating Interactivity; Enterprise Rent¬A¬Car: Mainstreaming Distribution; ICT Systems; eCTRL Solutions: Trip@dvice Technology; The Green Card (Targeta Verda): A tourist card for the Balearic Islands; CheckEffect: Benchmarking eMarketing performance; Destimation.com: online solutions for Destination Management Companies; Lufthansa Systems: Dynamic Pricing; TAI (Day Trip Indicator): Measuring Value added in the tourism sector; Tourism Technology: Travel Wholesale Management System; Digital Tourism Assistant: Enquiry Management Solution for Destinations; Mobile systems: Rivertale: Mobile Services for Cruise Ships; LOVO: The Mobile Lifestyle Assistant; Aladdin: A Mobile Destination Management Solution for Incoming Agencies; Conclusion

Marketing in Travel and Tourism aims to guide and support readers through the complexities of tourism marketing in the 21st Century. It sets out clear explanations of marketing principles and concepts adapted from mainstream services marketing, and goes on to illustrate the range of applications currently practised in the modern visitor economy.

Now in its fourth edition, and reprinted almost every year since 1988, each chapter of the book has been updated to include current evaluations of all the key developments in marketing, especially consumer centric marketing and the now focal role of the Internet in the marketing mix. The chapters on communicating with cutomers have been extensively rewritten to take account of e-marketing and related marketing developments in tourism that are pulled together in a forward looking Epilogue.

This fully revised edition includes:

Full colour interior with pedagogic features such as discussion questions and exercises to encourage further exploration of key areas

New material on the role of e-marketing, motivations and consumer behaviour

Five in-depth international case studies, including Tourism New Zealand and Agra Indian World Heritage Site, along with 17 mini cases to contextualise learning

A companion website for students and lecturers which includes PowerPoint slides and review questions to aid teaching and learning

Marketing in Travel and Tourism provides a truly international and comprehensive guide to marketing in the global travel industry, an indispensible text for all students and lecturers.

Table of Contents

Part 1: The Meaning of Marketing in Travel and Tourism 1. Introducing Travel and Tourism 2. Introducing Marketing: The Systematic Thought Process 3. The Special Characteristics of Travel and Tourism Marketing 4. The Dynamic Business Environment: Factors Influencing Demand for Tourism Part 2: Understanding the Consumer and the Marketing Mix in Travel and Tourism 5. Understanding the Consumer, Tourism Motivations and Buyer Behaviour 6. Market Segmentation for Travel and Tourism Markets 7. Product Formulation in Travel and Tourism 8. The Evolving Marketing Mix for Tourism Services Part 3: Planning Strategy and Tactics for Travel and Tourism Marketing 9. Marketing Research in Travel and Tourism 10. Planning Marketing Strategy 11. Marketing Planning: The Process 12. Planning Marketing Campaigns: Budgeting and Measuring Performance Part 4: Communicating with and Influencing Consumers 13. The Growth and Role of Information and Communications Technology and the Rise of the Dominant Consumer 14. E-marketing: The Effective Use of ITC 15. Distribution Channels in Travel and Tourism: Creating Access 16. Integrating the Promotional and Communications Mix 17. Brochures, Print and Other Non-electronic Information Part 5: Applying Marketing in the Main Sectors of Travel and Tourism 18. Marketing Countries as Tourism Destinations 19. Marketing Accommodation 20. Marketing Passenger Transport 21. Marketing Visitor Attractions 22. Marketing Inclusive Tours and Product Packages Part 6: Case Studies of Marketing Practice in Travel and Tourism 23. Tourism New Zealand 24. YOTEL 25. Agra: Indian World Heritage Site 26. Travelodge 27. Alistair Sawday Guides

The Ancient Near East embraces a vast geographical area, from the borders of Iran and Afghanistan in the east to the Levant and Anatolia, and from the Black Sea in the north to Egypt in the south. It was a region of enormous cultural, political and linguistic diversity.
In this authoritative new study, Amelie Kurht examines its history from the earliest written documents to the conquest of Alexander the Great, c.3000-330 BC. This work dispels many of the misapprehensions which have surrounded the study of the region. It provides a lucid, up-to-date narrative which takes into account the latest archaeological and textual discoveries and deals with the complex problems of interpretation and methodology.
The Ancient Near East is an essential text for all students of history of this region and a valuable introduction for students and scholars working in related subjects.
Winner of the AHS's 1997 James Henry Brested Award.

Safeguarding economic prosperity, whilst protecting human health and the environment, is at the forefront of scientific and public interest. This book provides a practical and balanced view on toxicology, control, risk assessment and risk management, addressing the interplay between science and public health policy. This fully revised and updated new edition provides a detailed analysis on chemical and by-product exposure, how they enter the body and the suitability of imposed safety limits. New chapters on dose, with particular emphasis on children and vulnerable subpopulations, reproductive and developmental toxicants and toxicity testing are included. With updated and comprehensive coverage of international developments of risk management and safety, this will have broad appeal to researchers and professionals involved in chemical safety and regulation as well as the general reader interested in environmental pollution and public health.

In the past, the natural environment and business were often seen as competing interests. Now, world leaders recognise that the future depends on a new approach to business, operating in harmony with the environment.

In Environmental Management – A Business Management Approach, the vital connection between environmental management and business sustainability is clearly outlined. The book gives students and practitioners insight into the impact business and lifestyle decisions have on the natural environment, and how this in turn affects the long-term sustainability of business.

It also gives an overview of key environmental principles and the need to balance these with business activities.

Introduction To Contemporary Geography is a compilation of all the core content required for UNISA students taking GGH1501 and XGH1501.

Provides learners with sufficient knowledge, skills and attitudes that will enable them to identify and explain the impact of human activities on the physical environment on the global, regional and local scales and measures that can be taken to reduce environmental degradation.

Key themes explored in the course include environmental worldviews, ecosystems, biodiversity, waste, renewable and non-renewable energy.

The extensively revised second edition of Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies provides a new framework for analyzing the complexity of cultural tourism and its increasing globalization in existing as well as emergent destinations of the world. The book will focus in particular on the need for even more creative tourism strategies to differentiate destinations from each other using a blend of localized cultural products and innovative global attractions.

The book explores many of the most pertinent issues in heritage, arts, festivals, indigenous, ethnic and experiential cultural tourism in urban and rural environments alike. This includes policy and politics; impact management and sustainable development; interpretation and representation; marketing and branding; and regeneration and planning. As well as exploring the inter-relationships between the cultural and tourism sectors, local people and tourists, the book provides suggestions for more effective and mutually beneficial collaboration. New edition features include:

• an increased number of topical case studies and contemporary photographs which serve to contextualize the issues discussed
• a re-orientation towards global rather than just European issues
• three brand new chapters on The Geography of Cultural Tourism, The Politics of Global Cultural Tourism, and The Growth of Creative Tourism
• an extensively revised chapter on Experiential Tourism.

At the interface between the global and the local, a people-centred approach to planning and development is advocated to ensure that benefits are maximized for local areas, a sense of place and identity are retained, and the tourist experience is enhanced to the full. The text is unique in that it provides a summary and a synthesis of all of the major issues in global cultural tourism, which are presented in an accessible way using a diverse range of international case studies. This is a beneficial and valuable resource for all tourism students.

Ecotourism continues to be embraced as the antithesis of mass tourism because of its promise of achieving sustainability through conservation mindedness, community development, education and learning, and the promotion of nature based activities that were sensitive to both ecological and social systems. The extent to which this promise has been realised is open to debate. Focusing on an array of economic, social and ecological inconsistencies that continue to plague ecotourism in theory and practice, the volume examines ecotourism in reference to other related forms of tourism, impacts, conservation, sustainability, education and interpretation, policy and governance, and the ethical imperative of ecotourism as these apply to the world's greenest form of tourism. Ecotourism is a growing field attracting increasing attention from students and academics. Fennell provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the most important issues that continue to both plague ecotourism and make it one of the most dynamic sectors in the tourism industry. It covers a comprehensive range of themes and geographical regions. Building on the success of prior editions, Ecotourism has been revised throughout to incorporate recent research and benefits from the introduction of real-life case studies and summaries of recent literature. An essential reference for those interested in Ecotourism, the book is accessible to students but retains the depth required for use by researchers and practitioners in the field. New chapters on the theory and application of animal ethics; community development in sustainable tourism; and education and learning in the field have added further value to an already very comprehensive volume. This book will be of interest to students across a range of disciplines including geography, economics, business, ethics, biology, and environmental studies.