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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Zoology & animal sciences > Invertebrates > Insects (entomology)
Written in easy to follow language, the book presents cutting-edge
agriculturally relevant plant biotechnologies and applications in a
manner that is accessible to all. This book updates and introduces
the scope and method of plant biotechnologies and molecular
breeding within the context of environmental analysis and
assessment, a diminishing supply of productive arable land, scarce
water resources and climate change. New plant breeding techniques
including CRISPR-cas system are now tools to meet these challenges
both in developed countries and in developing countries. Ethical
issues, intellectual property rights, regulation policies in
various countries related to agricultural biotechnology are
examined. The rapid developments in plant biotechnology are
explained to a large audience with relevant examples. New varieties
of crops can be adapted to new climatic conditions in order to
reduce pest-associated losses and the adverse abiotic effects
Plant bugs -- Miridae, the largest family of the Heteroptera, or
true bugs -- are globally important pests of crops such as alfalfa,
apple, cocoa, cotton, sorghum, and tea. Some also are predators of
crop pests and have been used successfully in biological control.
Certain omnivorous plant bugs have been considered both harmful
pests and beneficial natural enemies of pests on the same crop,
depending on environmental conditions or the perspective of an
observer.
As high-yielding varieties that lack pest resistance are
planted, mirids are likely to become even more important crop
pests. They also threaten crops as insecticide resistance in the
family increases, and as the spread of transgenic crops alters
their populations. Predatory mirids are increasingly used as
biocontrol agents, especially of greenhouse pests such as thrips
and whiteflies. Mirids provide abundant opportunities for research
on food webs, intraguild predation, and competition.
Recent worldwide activity in mirid systematics and biology
testifies to increasing interest in plant bugs. The first thorough
review and synthesis of biological studies of mirids in more than
60 years, Biology of the Plant Bugs will serve as the basic
reference for anyone studying these insects as pests, beneficial
IPM predators, or as models for ecological research.
This book reviews the latest research on bioproducts from various
economically important insects, such as silkworms, honey bees, lac
and drosophila, and termites, and discusses their general,
biomedical and industrial applications in detail. It includes
chapters focusing on insects as a food source, probiotics,
silk-based biomaterials, insect pheromones, insects as biomedicine
source, pupa oil chemistry, non-protein compounds from Lepidopteran
insects, insect chitin and chitosan, polyphenols and flavonoids.
Model insects like Bombyx mori or bees were domesticated in Asian
countries thousands of years ago. Over time, natural products from
these animals became industrialized and today they attracting
increasing attention thanks to their sustainability and their
manifold applications in agriculture and biomedicine. The book is
intended for entomologists, material scientists, natural product
researchers and biotechnologists.
The California Tortoiseshell, West Coast Lady, Red Admiral, and
Golden Oak Hairstreak are just a few of the many butterfly species
found in the floristically rich San Francisco Bay and Sacramento
Valley regions. This guide, written for both beginning and
experienced butterfly watchers by one of the nation's best-known
professional lepidopterists, provides thorough, up-to-date
information on all of the butterfly species found in this diverse
and accessible region. Written in lively prose, it discusses the
natural history and conservation status for these butterflies and
at the same time provides an integrated view of butterfly biology
based on studies conducted in northern California and around the
world. Compact enough for use in the field, the guide also includes
tips on butterfly watching, photography, gardening, and more. It
discusses and identifies more than 130 species. Species accounts
include information on identifying butterflies through behavior,
markings, and host plants. Beautiful full-color plates illustrate
top and bottom views of wings for easier identification. It also
includes a species checklist and a glossary.
This book compiles for the first time all the current information
on the electronic monitoring of the feeding behavior of
phytophagous true bugs. It includes state-of-the-art illustrations
of feeding sites on the various plant structures, and examines how
the different feeding strategies are related to the variable
waveforms generated using the electropenetrography (EPG) technique.
Further, the book describes the mouthparts and modes of feeding and
discusses the physical and chemical damage resulting from feeding
activities. Covering in detail all EPG studies developed and
conducted using true bugs published to date, it explores the use of
electronic monitoring of feeding coupled with histological analyses
to improve strategies to control true bugs, from traditional
chemical methods to gene silencing (RNAi).
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Austin Mardon, Hadia Saleem, Ezzah Inayat
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This textbook provides the first overview of plant-animal
interactions for twenty years focused on the needs of students and
professors. It discusses a range of topics from the basic
structures of plant-animal interactions to their evolutionary
implications in producing and maintaining biodiversity. It also
highlights innovative aspects of plant-animal interactions that can
represent highly productive research avenues, making it a valuable
resource for anyone interested in a future career in ecology.
Written by leading experts, and employing a variety of didactic
tools, the book is useful for students and teachers involved in
advanced undergraduate and graduate courses addressing areas such
as herbivory, trophic relationships, plant defense, pollination and
biodiversity.
This book is the first to integrate biological control into a
conceptual framework - ecostacking - uniting all aspects of
biological control and ecosystem services. In 2018 the "First
International Congress of Biological Control" was organised and
held in Beijing, China. The chapters highlight some of the
achievements presented at the congress, worldwide. Of particular
significance are the numerous contributions by Chinese researchers
illustrating the remarkable progress made on developing and
adopting multiple biological control strategies over vast
agricultural areas, largely replacing chemical pesticides for
sustainable agricultural and horticultural production. In many
parts of the world including Europe, fragmented research based on
short-term funding has been unable to answer to the needs to
develop sustainable long-term solutions to crop protection, while
colleagues in China have been successful in implementing programs
that exemplify the power of the ecostacking approach. Key
contributions by European and US specialists combined with the
expertise and experiences by the Chinese contributors comprise the
building blocks for the integration of biological control
approaches into the overall frame of ecostacking. This book will
lead the way to a broader, integrated adoption of biological
control techniques in sustainable pest, disease and weed management
supporting also the functioning of other key ecosystem services.
Chapter 2 of this book isavailable open access under a CC BY 4.0
license at link.springer.com
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the
spotted wing drosophila (SWD), is the most important pest affecting
berry crop production worldwide. The global fresh fruit trade,
coupled with the ability of the larvae to hide inside the fruit
undetected until after transportation, facilitate their
distribution. SWD is native to Asia, but is increasingly found in
other regions: occurrences have been recorded in the Americas and
Europe, and Africa, and the insects have the potential to adapt and
become established in Oceania. Gathering the experiences of leading
scientists in the management of D. suzukii around the globe, the
book addresses D. suzukii monitoring; biological, chemical and
cultural control; sterile insect technique (SIT); integrated pest
management (IPM), and other control methods. It also discusses the
use of drones, GPS, biotechnology, telemetry and other
technological tools to make the management of this pest more
efficient and accurate. As such, it is a valuable resource for
scientists, professionals and students.
Phylonyms is an implementation of PhyloCode, which is a set of
principles, rules, and recommendations governing phylogenetic
nomenclature. Nearly 300 clades - lineages of organisms - are
defined by reference to hypotheses of phylogenetic history rather
than by taxonomic ranks and types. This volume will document the
Real World uses of PhyloCode and will govern and apply to the names
of clades, while species names will still be governed by
traditional codes. Key Features Provides clear regulations for
implementing new guidelines for naming lineages of organisms
incorporates expressly evolutionary and phylogenetic principles
Works with existing codes of nomenclature Eliminates the reliance
on rank-based classification in favor of phylogenetic relationships
Related Titles: Rieppel, O. Phylogenetic Systematics: Haeckel to
Hennig (ISBN 978-1-4987-5488-0) Cantino, P. D. and de Queiroz, K.
International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode) (ISBN
978-1-138-33282-9).
The harvesting, processing and consumption of edible insects is one
of the main keys to the sustainability of food chains on the
African continent. Insects are the largest and most successful
group of animals on the planet and it is estimated that they
comprise 80% of all animals. This makes edible insects extremely
important to the future survival of large populations across Africa
and the world. Insects offer a complete animal protein that
includes all 9 essential amino acids and are very competitive with
other protein sources. They are also a good source of beneficial
unsaturated fats, and many insects have a perfect Omega 3:6
balance. African Edible Insects As Alternative Source of Food, Oil,
Protein and Bioactive Components comprehensively outlines the
importance of edible insects as food and animal feed and the
processing of insects in Africa. The text also highlights
indigenous knowledge of edible insects and shows the composition
and nutritional value of these insects, plus presents reviews of
current research and developments in this rapidly expanding field.
All of the main types of edible insects are covered, including
their nutritional value, chemical makeup, and harvesting and
processing details. The various preparation technologies are
covered for each insect, as are their individual sensory qualities
and safety aspects. A key aspect of this work is its focus on the
role of insects in edible oils and gelatins. Individual chapters
focus on entomophagy in Africa and the various key aspects of the
continent's growing edible insect consumption market. As it becomes
increasingly clear that the consumption of insects will play a
major role in the sustainability of food chains in Africa, this
work can be used as a comprehensive and up-to-date singular source
for researchers looking for a complete overview on this crucial
topic.
This book has been developed from the keynote addresses delivered
at the third IOBC International Symposium (co-organized with CILBA)
that was held in Montpellier in October 2002, to address recent
developments in genetics and evolutionary biology as applied to
biological control. Chapters are organized around the following
themes: Genetic structure of pest and natural enemy populations,
Molecular diagnostic tools in biological control, Tracing the
origin of pests and natural enemies, Predicting evolutionary change
in pests and natural enemies Compatibility of transgenic crops and
natural enemie, Genetic manipulation of natural enemies. The
authors identify new issues for each of the major approaches in
applied biological control. These include the (1) use of molecular
genetics to trace the origin of target pests in classical
biological control, (2) potential of mass-reared, transgenic agents
in augmentative biological control, and (3) compatibility of
transgenic crops and natural enemies in conservational biological
control.
From subarctic tundra to equatorial rainforest, deep in the soil
and at the tip of the highest tree, ants are found the world over.
This book, by the world's leading ant taxonomist, offers a
definitive guide for identifying these ubiquitous insects.
Barry Bolton provides identification keys to all the living ant
subfamilies and genera, presented in alphabetical order and
separated by zoogeographical region. Designed for professional and
amateur myrmecologists alike, this guide is as accessible as it is
comprehensive, including information on the function and use of
identification keys, instructions for preparing specimens for
examination, and an illustrated glossary of morphological terms.
Over 500 scanning electron microscope photographs illustrate the
taxonomic keys.
Bolton introduces each subfamily with a diagnosis of the group,
followed by synoptic classifications of all genera within each
subfamily, notes on broad distribution, and a list of references to
all species-rank publications useful to identification. He also
provides a short summary of the extinct subfamilies and includes a
checklist of every name ever proposed in the classification of
ants, from the rank of family down to subgenus, showing the current
status and usage of each.
An updated and exhaustively expanded revision of the taxonomic
keys found in Hö lldobler and Wilson's "The Ants," Bolton's
identification guide takes its place alongside that landmark work
as the foundation for the study of ants for many years to come.
This book provides updated information on this intriguing and
exciting group of insects: Neotropical Social Wasps. These insects
have a particular biology and their colonies are formed by a few
cooperative females living in either small or massive, structured
nests where stinging individuals organize their activities and
defend their offspring. Topics include evolutionary aspects,
biogeography, post-embryonic development, community behavior and
ecology, economic importance, and research methods.
By providing multiple economic goods and ecosystem services, Latin
American forests play a key role in the environmental, social and
economic welfare of the region's countries. From the tropical
forests of Central America to the Mediterranean and temperate
vegetation of the southern cone, these forests face a myriad of
phytosanitary problems that negatively impact on both conservation
efforts and forest industry. This book brings together the
perspectives of several Latin American researchers on pest and
disease management. Each chapter provides modern views of the
status and management alternatives to problems as serious as the
impact of introduced exotic insects and diseases on Pinus and
Eucalyptus plantations throughout the continent, and the emergence
of novel insect outbreaks in tropical and temperate native forests
associated with global warming. It is a valuable guide for
researchers and practitioners working on forest health in Latin
America and around the world.
Every spring and summer, youth and adults alike enjoy
sweet-smelling flowers and listening to the buzzing sound that
comes from the rapidly beating wings of busy bees. Through a series
of seven lessons and multiple experiential activities, youth will
learn how critical bees are to our agricultural industry and native
ecosystems. They will explore different types of bees, their
structures, and functions, how they forage for food, pollinate
plants, and the ways bees share information. Youth will study
native bees and the honey bee and discover the significant role
they play in the production of delicious and healthy food that
humans have been eating for centuries; such as apples, blueberries,
cherries, watermelons, and almonds. Through hands-on and engaging
exploration of habitat differences and diversity, youth will
understand what honey bees, native bees, and other pollinators need
in order to thrive. From creating a pollinator garden to building
mason bee homes, youth will realize the importance of pollinator
stewardship and ways they can support strong and vibrant ecosystems
for pollinators. The curriculum concludes with an overview of how
people can help bees. Youth will learn how to provide nesting
habitats, use best management practices in beekeeping and building
native bee homes. To share and engage others in caring about bees,
youth will create an awareness campaign.
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