Every year, numerous articles on critical care topics are published, and it is increasingly difficult for the busy practitioner to keep abreast of the latest developments. This book provides a detailed review of state of the art knowledge as well as the latest research findings. It covers the core aspects in excellent detail, but is not so comprehensive as to make its daily se unfeasible. For each condition considered, discussion of the pathophysiology is integrated with observations on diagnosis and treatment in order to allow a deeper understanding. The book is scientifically based, with extensive references to published research. This will allow readers to investigate their individual interests further and will enable physicians to base their approach upon evidence rather than upon traditions or routines. Accordingly, clinicians will be able to justify measures by providing a coherent, evidence-based strategy and relevant citations where needed. Core Knowledge in Critical Care Medicine will appeal to experienced practitioners as an aide-m moire, but will also be of great value to a wide range of more junior staff wishing to complement their background knowledge with important facts applicable to everyday practice.

1 Methoden.- 1.1 Elektroenzephalographie (EEG).- 1.1.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.1.2 Entstehungsmechanismen des EEG.- 1.1.3 Methodik der EEG-Ableitung.- 1.1.4 Das normale EEG.- 1.1.5 Pathologische EEG-Veranderungen.- 1.1.6 Diagnostisch relevante EEG-Befunde.- 1.1.7 EEG-Indikationen im Intensivbereich.- 1.2 Ultraschalldiagnostik.- 1.2.1 Physikalische und apparative Voraussetzungen.- 1.2.2 Anatomische und physiologische Voraussetzungen.- 1.2.3 Untersuchungsgang.- 1.2.4 Indikationen der Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Intensivmedizin.- 1.3 Somatosensibel evozierte Potentiale (SEP).- 1.3.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.3.2 Methodik.- 1.3.3 Ursprungsorte der SEP-Komponenten.- 1.3.4 Auswertung und Normwerte.- 1.3.5 Ausfallsmuster bei typischen Schadigungsorten.- 1.3.6 Indikationen zur Ableitung von SEP.- 1.4 Fruhe akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP).- 1.4.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.4.2 Methodik.- 1.4.3 Generatoren des FAEP.- 1.4.4 Auswertung und Normwerte.- 1.4.5 Lokalisationsdiagnostische Bedeutung der FAEP.- 1.4.6 Indikationen zur Ableitung von FAEP.- 1.5 Motorisch evozierte Potentiale (MEP).- 1.5.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.5.2 Wirkungsweise der Magnetstimulation.- 1.5.3 Methodik.- 1.5.4 Auswertung.- 1.5.5 Kontraindikationen.- 1.5.6 Besonderheiten der MEP-Untersuchung auf der Intensivstation.- 1.5.7 Einsatz der MEP auf der neurologischen Intensivstation und im Neuromonitoring.- 1.6 Visuell evozierte Potentiale (VEP).- 1.6.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.6.2 Anatomische und physiologische Grundlagen.- 1.6.3 Technische Durchfuhrung.- 1.6.4 Auswertung.- 1.6.5 Beeinflussung der VEP.- 1.6.6 Indikationen fur VEP-Ableitung in der Intensivmedizin.- 1.7 Elektromyographie (EMG) und Neurographie.- 1.7.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.7.2 Elektromyographie.- 1.7.3 Motorische Neurographie.- 1.7.4 Sensible Neurographie.- 1.7.5 Prufung der neuromuskularen UEberleitung.- 1.7.6 F-Antworten.- 1.7.7 Reflexmessungen.- 1.8 Untersuchung des autonomen Nervensystems.- 1.8.1 Anatomie.- 1.8.2 Physiologie.- 1.8.3 Methodik: Grundlagen.- 1.8.4 Pathophysiologie.- 1.8.5 Methodik: Analyse der Herzfrequenzvariabilitat.- 1.8.6 Allgemeine Befunde.- 1.8.7 Blutdruckmonitoring.- 1.8.8 Methodik: Sympathische Hautreaktion.- 1.9 Exogene und endogene Einflusse auf neurophysiologische Parameter.- 1.9.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.9.2 Exogene Einflusse.- 1.9.3 Endogene Einflusse.- 2 Neuromonitoring bei Intensivtherapiepflichtigen Erkrankungen.- 2.1 Schadel-Hirn-Trauma.- 2.1.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.1.2 Pathophysiologie.- 2.1.3 Klinische Diagnostik.- 2.1.4 Radiologische Diagnostik.- 2.1.5 Neurophysiologische Diagnostik.- 2.2 Hypoxisch-ischamische Hirnschadigung.- 2.2.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.2.2 Ursachen und Pathophysiologie.- 2.2.3 Klinisches Erscheinungsbild.- 2.2.4 Prognose aufgrund der klinischen Untersuchung.- 2.2.5 Bedeutung neurophysiologischer Methoden fur Diagnostik, Verlauf und Prognose.- 2.2.6 Andere Untersuchungen.- 2.3 Intrakranielle Blutungen.- 2.3.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.3.2 Infratentorielle intrazerebrale Blutungen.- 2.3.3 Supratentorielle intrazerebrale Blutungen.- 2.3.4 Subarachnoidalblutungen.- 2.4 Hirninfarkt.- 2.4.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.4.2 Klinische und radiologische Klassifikation der Hirninfarkte.- 2.4.3 Ultraschalldiagnostik.- 2.4.4 Elektroenzephalographie (EEG).- 2.4.5 Fruhe akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP).- 2.4.6 Motorisch evozierte Potentiale (MEP).- 2.4.7 Somatosensibel evozierte Potentiale (SEP).- 2.5 Meningoenzephalitis.- 2.5.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.5.2 Bedeutung neurophysiologischer Methoden fur Verlauf und Prognose.- 2.6 Metabolische und septische Enzephalopathien.- 2.6.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.6.2 Hepatische Enzephalopathie.- 2.6.3 Uramische Enzephalopathie und Dysequilibrium-Syndrom.- 2.6.4 Hypoglykamie.- 2.6.5 Hyperglykamie und hyperosmolares Koma.- 2.6.6 Elektrolytstoerungen.- 2.6.7 Schilddrusenfunktionsstoerungen.- 2.6.8 Weitere metabolische Enzephalopathien.- 2.6.9 Septische Enzephalopathie.- 2.7 Toxische Enzephalopathien.- 2.7.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.7.2 Intoxikation mit Barbituraten und Benzodiazepinen.- 2.7.3 Intoxikation mit Neurol

Family doctors, pediatricians and other professionals who deal with children are regularly consulted because of febrile children. During the past few years remarkable advances on this subject of fever have been made. Among others, this book covers: - Different types of fever with possible complications, - Hyperthermia and their management, - Management of fever with guidelines on antipyretics and their side effects, - Complimentary medicine and fever, - Differential diagnosis of fever, with problem-setting and solving as a case presentation. This reader-friendly reference on the disorders of body temperature in children covers the entire spectrum of subjects related to fever. It gives an overview of the best treatment options in order to achieve the best results.

Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers is an exciting and evolving alternative to blood transfusion. This issue explores its potential with topics on: "HBOCs from Human or Bovine Hemoglobin," "Comparison of HBOCs to Stored Human Red Blood Cells," "HBOCs and Tissue Oxygenation," "HBOCs: Role in surgery, resuscitation or hemorrhagic shock?" and more!

For an anesthesiologist, though the challenge of managing an obstetric patient can be very satisfying and rewarding, it can also be extremely difficult given the potential for serious harm to the fetus and mother. For routine care, it is important to understand the risks and benefits of many practices to provide patients with informed decisions and the most satisfying experiences. There are also many less-usual patients and situations, however, that challenge the anesthesiologist's skills significantly. This issue of the Anesthesiology Clinics presents the most up-to-date information on both of these categories, and is written by an outstanding group of experienced clinicians from all over the world. Topics including high-risk analysis, use of simulators for training, major hemorrhage, off-labor-floor consultation, depth of anesthesia monitoring, pharmaceuticals, use of vasopressors, neurological infections after neuroaxial anesthesia, airway management, the HIV patient, ultrasound, and others.

A comprehensive, state-of-the-art contribution to a field that is rapidly developing, "The Behavioral Consequences of Stroke" provides a broad overview of the cognitive and neurobehavioral effects of stroke. As attention to paralysis and the more obvious physical disabilities stroke patients incur expands, greater attention is being paid today to the cognitive and neurobehavioral complications that impact stroke morbidity and even functional neurological recovery in patients. Written by an international panel of experts and edited by a neurosurgeon and by a cognitive neuroscientist, this unique title addresses the full range of issues relevant to the field, including epidemiology, general treatment, sensorimotor control after stroke, post-stroke aphasia, memory loss after stroke, post-stroke depression, the role of imaging after a stroke, and an update on some stroke clinical trials, to name just some of the areas covered.

Illuminative and an influential addition to the literature, "The Behavioral Consequences of Stroke" will serve as an invaluable resource for neurologsits, neurosurgeons, physiatrists and other physicians, as well as physical, speech and occupational therapists, nurses, psychologists, and other professionals. "

The information you really need! This title in the Essentials of Anesthesia and Critical Care series presents core clinical neuroanesthesia and neurointesive care knowledge in a practical, user-friendly format. A manageable size and affordable price makes this an ideal purchase for every clinician who would like an economical yet dependable resource in this Provides the key neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care information you need from authorities you trust. Uses a concise, user-friendly format to help you locate answers quickly. Features key points boxes in each chapter to help you quickly access the most crucial information. Includes annotated references that guide you to the most relevant additional resources. Features a compact size and clinical emphasis that facilitates and enhances bedside patient care. Contains the authoritative guidance of larger reference books without the expense.

Practical Ultrasound in Anesthesia for Critical Care and Pain Management is a stand-alone comprehensive reference that covers important aspects of ultrasound for the practicing anesthesiologist. Beginning with a background on the physics of equipment and practical applications, this text takes the specialist through subjects like needle visualization, teaching, training, accreditation, and getting the best out of your ultrasound equipment. With high-resolution ultrasound photographs Practical Ultrasound in Anesthesia for Critical Care and Pain Management covers topics that explore: vascular access nerve blockade echocardiography transesophageal echocardiography - evaluation of the valves basic echo Doppler transesophageal Doppler transcranial Doppler the respiratory system Also included is a fully developed CD, that includes high-resolution video clips of actual ultrasound examples, organized in an easy cross-referenced fashion for the busy clinician.

Decision making regarding fluid volume loading, fluid restriction, or administration of vasoactive drugs may vary among physicians, depending solely upon their clinical experience in the absence of evidence-based measurement. The initial distribution volume of glucose (IDVG) is believed to be clinically relevant as a marker of cardiovascular and fluid management in critically ill patients without a significant modification of glucose metabolism. This book covers all aspects of IDVG measurement, including the basic concept, its relationship with other fluid volumes, and the clinical application of this technique in the intensive care unit based on both the authors studies and their clinical experience with more than 4000 IDVG determinations. When the concept of IDVG is properly understood and its measurement is then performed routinely, daily fluid and cardiovascular management in critically ill patients can be improved based on evidence-based measurement."

Intensive Care Medicine compiles the most recent developments in experimental and clinical research and practice in one comprehensive reference book. The chapters are written by well recognized experts in the field of intensive care and emergency medicine. It is addressed to everyone involved in internal medicine, anesthesia, surgery, pediatrics, intensive care and emergency medicine.

Although its roots date back to the early decades of the 20th century, critical care medicine did not emerge as a specialty in medicine until the 1970 s. Over the last 30 years or so, the field of critical care medicine has grown tremendously and there is now a solid body of scientific information that forms the foundation for the practice of critical care medicine. But, now as physicians and hospitals around the world focus to an ever greater extend on providing high quality care, the practice of critical care medicine will continue to grow in visibility and importance among clinicians and the general public as well.

This book seeks to identify the trends in critical care medicine that will form the basis for practice over the next ten years. Predicting the future is always risky. Nevertheless, the ideas articulated in this book are likely to serve as a road map for intensivists, hospital administrators and governmental leaders interested in healthcare, as they seek to improve the quality and efficiency of hospital-based services."

Key Clinical Topics in Critical Care offers an indispensable and practical guide for exam revision and clinical practice. Written and edited by specialists with a wealth of clinical experience, this book provides rapid access to core topics in critical care. Each topic is written in a concise and easy-to-digest format, making this book the essential resource for exam revision and quick reference at the point of care. * Over 100 topics presented in alpha order, from acute coronary syndrome to weaning from ventilation * Succinct coverage of clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and complications * Effective exam revision for FRCA, FFICM and EDIC candidates * Includes clinical photos and diagrams to improve understanding of key concepts * Contributions from experienced specialists to ensure authoritative, accurate content

This text has been prepared with a view to be simple, practical, concise and easy-to-read for pediatricians, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) residents and fellows using conventional mechanical ventilation for commonly seen conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN), pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, and various cardiovascular and neurological conditions. This book is intended to be a practical resource for pediatric residents, pediatricians, and physicians involved in the care of neonatal and pediatric intensive care patients needing mechanical ventilation. Ventilation technique specifically applicable to neonate or an older child has been indicated wherever necessary Easy-to-read flow diagrams (algorithms) have been used for management of respiratory distress, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), basic mechanical ventilation, and weaning. Noninvasive ventilation modalities such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP), and high flow nasal oxygen have also been included. Newer modes such as high frequency ventilation and common ventilator graphics interpretation have also been included for the reader aspiring to learn the newer and advanced modes of ventilation. A chapter on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been added to make the reader familiar with technology beyond mechanical ventilation to support patients with refractory hypoxemia. A chapter on how to choose a ventilator has also been included as a guide to new units providing care to neonates and children. This book would be helpful to the user in management of common conditions requiring CPAP, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in neonates and older children.

Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the Trauma Patient summarizes the most current concepts and clinical practices for the management of the patient with musculoskeletal traumatic injuries. The text covers optimal time frames for stabilization of orthopedic injuries and strategies to mitigate systemic injury while minimizing damage due to pelvic, spine and long bone trauma. The volume covers the gamut of traumatic axial and extremity injuries, including cervico-lumbar-thoracic spine injuries, spinal cord injuries, long bone fractures with special emphasis on the femoral shaft, pelvic and acetabular injuries, open fractures, mangled extremities, upper extremity injuries, combination and severe soft tissues injuries and periarticular fractures. These are discussed in the context of isolated injury and combined with orthopedic injuries of the brain, abdomen, chest and other musculoskeletal injuries. Written by internationally recognized experts, Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the Trauma Patient is a valuable resource for orthopedic surgeons.

'...provides an excellent introduction to the management of acute illness for all clinical staff, and a solid foundation for those who choose to make ICM a fulfilling life-long career.' From the Foreword by Julian Bion, Professor of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Birmingham Ideal for any medic or health professional embarking upon an intensive care rotation or specialism, this simple bedside handbook provides handy, pragmatic guidance to the day-to-day fundamentals of working in an intensive care unit, often a daunting prospect for the junior doctor, nurse and allied health professional encountering this challenging environment for the first time. Thoroughly updated, the second edition addresses recent and future developments in a variety of areas and is now organised into easy-to-read sections with clearly outlined learning goals. New topics added include sepsis, ARDS, refractory hypoxia, the role of allied health professionals, post ICU syndrome and follow up, and consent and capacity including new DOLS guidance. The book is authored by world-renowned contributors and edited by established consultants in the field of intensive care medicine.

As the number of people aged 65 years and above rises, physicians are increasingly confronted by elderly patients with impaired renal function, altered drug metabolism and multiple comorbidities. This book examines in detail the nature of renal injury in the elderly and its optimal management. A wide range of key topics are covered, including end-stage renal disease, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, drug metabolism and renal toxicity, dialysis and its complications and the use of renal transplantation. In addition, the assessment of glomerular filtration rate in the elderly and the role of novel renal biomarkers are carefully examined. Quality of life issues, the significance of other age-related medical problems and end of life care are also discussed. This book will be of value not only to nephrologists but also to general practitioners, medical students, intensivists, cardiologists, pharmacologists and those working in related specialties. "

This book presents pulmonary outcomes of prematurity, from their emergence in infancy through to their consequences in adulthood. With an increasing number of preterm births and more infants surviving, there is now a larger population of adults with lung disease originating in infancy requiring specialized care. Looking at the whole group of preterm infants, not just those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, this text covers a wide spectrum of pulmonary outcomes, including: pulmonary hypertension, wheezing, and alterations in sleep. The chapter authors focus on critically appraising what is and is not known about each outcome and suggest key questions that still need to be answered. Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants: Sequelae from Infancy through Adulthood is an ideal reference for the multidisciplinary group that cares for these preterm infants and the adults they become, including: neonatologists, pediatric pulmonologists, pediatricians, adult pulmonologists, primary care physicians, nurses, and fellows.

This volume explores how the scarce resources of intensive care units should be distributed. Three hypothetical patients, each with a different chance of survival, desire intensive care. A multinational panel of experienced critical care physicians offers assessments of the patients' conditions and outlines approaches to treatment. These approaches are then examined by academic medical experts and a medical ethicist, as well as from a legal perspective. The result is a well-rounded and introspective look at care for critically ill patients at or near the end of life.

Infectious Complications in Transplant Patients has been uniquely designed and formatted to address issues and trends pertaining to pathogens deemed important in critically ill transplant patients. The chapters have been carefully selected so as to direct the focus of the book towards current approaches to controversial, emerging or topical problems in these patients. Each chapter has been authored by a North American and a European specialist. This format serves to impart an added dimension reflective of the diversity of opinions and practices pertaining to unresolved or controversial issues. The authors are recognized experts in their respective fields.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of critical care of the pediatric immunocompromised hematology-oncology patient. The text focuses on unique aspects of the pediatric immunocompromised patient that predisposes the child to significant illness, and presents critical care management strategies specific to the patient population. In addition to chapters on oncology, primary immune deficiency, immunocompromised hematology, and hematopoietic cell transplant patients, the book covers the changing landscape of ICU care, pharmacologic considerations, and psychological and social aspects of the critical care of hematology-oncology patients. Written by experts from a range of disciplines, Critical Care of the Pediatric Immunocompromised Hematology/Oncology Patient: An Evidence-Based Guide is a valuable resource for clinicians and practitioners who treat this patient population.

In recent years much enthusiasm and energy has been directed toward the development of human gene therapies, especially for inherited conditions and cancers. However, current gene transfer technology is limited in its transduction efficiency and ability to permanently and safely correct genomic defects. Thus the promise of gene therapy for these conditions is as yet unrealized. The progression of gene transfer technology will eventually surmount these limitations. Gene Therapy for Acute and Acquired Diseases includes selected examples of ongoing studies in molecular genetics that have the potential to evolve into human therapies for acute illnesses. These chapters are intended to highlight lesser known applications of gene therapy for acquired disorders. It is expected that human gene therapy trials for these conditions will be forthcoming in the near future, leading to previously unimaginable therapies. Thus, this first-ever book about gene therapy for acute and acquired diseases is intended to serve as a glimpse into the future.

The Update compiles the most recent developments in experimental and clinical research and practice in one comprehensive reference book. The chapters are written by well recognized experts in the field of intensive care and emergency medicine. It is addressed to everyone involved in internal medicine, anesthesia, surgery, pediatrics, intensive care and emergency medicine.

Single Subject Designs in Biomedicine draws upon the rich history of single case research within the educational and behavioral research settings and extends the application to the field of biomedicine. Biomedical illustrations are used to demonstrate the processes of designing, implementing, and evaluating a single subject design. Strengths and limitations of various methodologies are presented, along with specific clinical areas of application in which these applications would be appropriate. Statistical and visual techniques for data analysis are also discussed. The breadth and depth of information provided is suitable for medical students in research oriented courses, primary care practitioners and medical specialists seeking to apply methods of evidence practice to improve patient care, and medical researchers who are expanding their methodological expertise to include single subject designs. Increasing awareness of the utility in the single subject design could enhance treatment approach and evaluation both in biomedical research and medical care settings.