This issue of Critical Care Clinics by Dr. Anand Kumar will feature articles on: Optimizing Antimicrobial Therapy in Life-threatening infection, sepsis and septic shock;General principles of antimicrobial dosing and PK/PD; Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues in the critically ill with severe sepsis and septic shock;Understanding antimicrobial resistance;Combination vs monotherapy in critical illness; Antifungal therapy.

This issue of Critical Care Clinics, Guest Edited by Marilyn Haupt and Mary Reed will include articles such as: Special Populations; Obesity Paradox; Airway Management; Trauma in the Morbidly Obese; Procedures in the Morbidly Obese Critically Ill.

This issue of Clinics in Perinatology reviews Healthcare Associated Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Guest Editors Drs. Karen Fairchild and Richard Polin have assembled a panel of expert contributors to pen articles on Epidemiology and Risk Factors for NICU HAI: Genes and Environment; Strategies to Reduce NICU HAI: Line, Tube, and Hand Hygiene;? Candida in the NICU: Pros and Cons of Prophylaxis; MRSA in the NICU; New Concepts of Microbial Translocation in the Neonatal Intestine: Mechanisms and Prevention; Antibiotic Resistance in NICU Pathogens: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Prevention; Biomarkers for LONS: Cytokines and Beyond; Heart Rate Variability: A Novel Physiomarker for Sepsis Detection in the NICU; Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia; Perinatal Infection and Prematurity; and Meningitis in Neonates: Bench to Bedside.

1 Methoden.- 1.1 Elektroenzephalographie (EEG).- 1.1.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.1.2 Entstehungsmechanismen des EEG.- 1.1.3 Methodik der EEG-Ableitung.- 1.1.4 Das normale EEG.- 1.1.5 Pathologische EEG-Veranderungen.- 1.1.6 Diagnostisch relevante EEG-Befunde.- 1.1.7 EEG-Indikationen im Intensivbereich.- 1.2 Ultraschalldiagnostik.- 1.2.1 Physikalische und apparative Voraussetzungen.- 1.2.2 Anatomische und physiologische Voraussetzungen.- 1.2.3 Untersuchungsgang.- 1.2.4 Indikationen der Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Intensivmedizin.- 1.3 Somatosensibel evozierte Potentiale (SEP).- 1.3.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.3.2 Methodik.- 1.3.3 Ursprungsorte der SEP-Komponenten.- 1.3.4 Auswertung und Normwerte.- 1.3.5 Ausfallsmuster bei typischen Schadigungsorten.- 1.3.6 Indikationen zur Ableitung von SEP.- 1.4 Fruhe akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP).- 1.4.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.4.2 Methodik.- 1.4.3 Generatoren des FAEP.- 1.4.4 Auswertung und Normwerte.- 1.4.5 Lokalisationsdiagnostische Bedeutung der FAEP.- 1.4.6 Indikationen zur Ableitung von FAEP.- 1.5 Motorisch evozierte Potentiale (MEP).- 1.5.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.5.2 Wirkungsweise der Magnetstimulation.- 1.5.3 Methodik.- 1.5.4 Auswertung.- 1.5.5 Kontraindikationen.- 1.5.6 Besonderheiten der MEP-Untersuchung auf der Intensivstation.- 1.5.7 Einsatz der MEP auf der neurologischen Intensivstation und im Neuromonitoring.- 1.6 Visuell evozierte Potentiale (VEP).- 1.6.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.6.2 Anatomische und physiologische Grundlagen.- 1.6.3 Technische Durchfuhrung.- 1.6.4 Auswertung.- 1.6.5 Beeinflussung der VEP.- 1.6.6 Indikationen fur VEP-Ableitung in der Intensivmedizin.- 1.7 Elektromyographie (EMG) und Neurographie.- 1.7.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.7.2 Elektromyographie.- 1.7.3 Motorische Neurographie.- 1.7.4 Sensible Neurographie.- 1.7.5 Prufung der neuromuskularen UEberleitung.- 1.7.6 F-Antworten.- 1.7.7 Reflexmessungen.- 1.8 Untersuchung des autonomen Nervensystems.- 1.8.1 Anatomie.- 1.8.2 Physiologie.- 1.8.3 Methodik: Grundlagen.- 1.8.4 Pathophysiologie.- 1.8.5 Methodik: Analyse der Herzfrequenzvariabilitat.- 1.8.6 Allgemeine Befunde.- 1.8.7 Blutdruckmonitoring.- 1.8.8 Methodik: Sympathische Hautreaktion.- 1.9 Exogene und endogene Einflusse auf neurophysiologische Parameter.- 1.9.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.9.2 Exogene Einflusse.- 1.9.3 Endogene Einflusse.- 2 Neuromonitoring bei Intensivtherapiepflichtigen Erkrankungen.- 2.1 Schadel-Hirn-Trauma.- 2.1.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.1.2 Pathophysiologie.- 2.1.3 Klinische Diagnostik.- 2.1.4 Radiologische Diagnostik.- 2.1.5 Neurophysiologische Diagnostik.- 2.2 Hypoxisch-ischamische Hirnschadigung.- 2.2.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.2.2 Ursachen und Pathophysiologie.- 2.2.3 Klinisches Erscheinungsbild.- 2.2.4 Prognose aufgrund der klinischen Untersuchung.- 2.2.5 Bedeutung neurophysiologischer Methoden fur Diagnostik, Verlauf und Prognose.- 2.2.6 Andere Untersuchungen.- 2.3 Intrakranielle Blutungen.- 2.3.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.3.2 Infratentorielle intrazerebrale Blutungen.- 2.3.3 Supratentorielle intrazerebrale Blutungen.- 2.3.4 Subarachnoidalblutungen.- 2.4 Hirninfarkt.- 2.4.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.4.2 Klinische und radiologische Klassifikation der Hirninfarkte.- 2.4.3 Ultraschalldiagnostik.- 2.4.4 Elektroenzephalographie (EEG).- 2.4.5 Fruhe akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP).- 2.4.6 Motorisch evozierte Potentiale (MEP).- 2.4.7 Somatosensibel evozierte Potentiale (SEP).- 2.5 Meningoenzephalitis.- 2.5.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.5.2 Bedeutung neurophysiologischer Methoden fur Verlauf und Prognose.- 2.6 Metabolische und septische Enzephalopathien.- 2.6.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.6.2 Hepatische Enzephalopathie.- 2.6.3 Uramische Enzephalopathie und Dysequilibrium-Syndrom.- 2.6.4 Hypoglykamie.- 2.6.5 Hyperglykamie und hyperosmolares Koma.- 2.6.6 Elektrolytstoerungen.- 2.6.7 Schilddrusenfunktionsstoerungen.- 2.6.8 Weitere metabolische Enzephalopathien.- 2.6.9 Septische Enzephalopathie.- 2.7 Toxische Enzephalopathien.- 2.7.1 Einfuhrung.- 2.7.2 Intoxikation mit Barbituraten und Benzodiazepinen.- 2.7.3 Intoxikation mit Neurol

Recognizing the increasing importance of ultrasonography in the evaluation and management of patients across a range of medical disciplines, this guide provides illustrative instruction on the performance and interpretation of ultrasound examinations in emergency, critical care, hospital, and outpatient settings.

Guest Editor Dane Nichols, MD, has assembled a panel of experts focusing on Hemodynamic Support in Septic Shock. Topics include: Oxygen Delivery and Consumption: A Macro-Circulatory Perspective; Mean Arterial Pressure: Therapeutic Goals and Pharmacologic Support, Mechanisms; Detection and Potential Management of Microcirculatory Disturbances; Detection of Hypoxia at the Cellular Level; Type A & B Lactic Acidosis: Recognition, Kinetics, and Associated Prognosis; Venous blood gases: What Can They Tell Us About the State of the Circulation; Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Preload and Performance through CO2 Rebreathing/ETCO2 Monitoring.

A comprehensive review of cancer patient treatment methods in the Intensive Care Unit. Articles include: Admission Criteria and Prognostication in Cancer Patients Admitted to the ICU; Diagnostic Strategies and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure in Cancer Patients Requiring Intensive Care; Mechanical Ventilation in Cancer Patients: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes; Critical Care of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient; Critical Issues in Oncological Surgery Patients; and Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Complications in Critically Ill Patients with Cancer.

Respected leader in Critical Care Medicine, Phillip Dellinger has complied a top-notch range of articles on the subject of Sepsis. Topics include: "The History of Sepsis," "Molecular Biology of Sepsis," "Sepsis Induced Tissue Hypoperfusion," "Hemodynamic Monitoring in Sepsis," "Performance Improvement in Sepsis," and more!

In this issue, Guest Editors Pratik Panharipande and Wesley Ely look at modern Sedation techniques in the critically ill. Topics include: "Pharmacology of commonly used sedatives and analgesics in the ICU," "Pharmacology of newer agents for sedation and analgesia in the critically ill," "Current sedation practices: lessons learned from recent international surveys," "Sedation and Immunomodulation," "Sedation and sleep disturbances in the ICU," and more!

This issue will take a look at modern critical care techniques in a historical context. Topics include: "Shock and Organ failure," "Battlefield trauma, traumatic shock and consequences: War-related advances in critical care," "Lessons from Modern Disasters and Wars: Bhopal, Chernobyl, Oklahoma City Bombing, 9/11, Hurricane Katrina, Tsunami, Iraq," "Plagues with Critical Care Implications: Legionairres, Staph toxic shock, SARS, Hantavirus, Group A strep nec toxic shock, Marburg and hemorrhagic fevers, Avian flu" and more!

Following the publication of the Department of Health document - "Comprehensive Critical Care" (2000), many hospitals in England have established "critical care outreach" teams. This approach to the management of patients who are cared for outside the walls of critical care units is one that is also used beyond the UK with the development of 'Medical emergency teams' in Australia.

"Critical Care Outreach" gives a comprehensive overview of this new area of critical care practice in five sections covering: the evolution of outreach; clinical practice; continuity of care; managing and supporting outreach practitioners and developing and evaluating outreach. Each section has chapters covering important topics that include: "The origins of outreach" "Designing an outreach service" "Specific clinical problems" "Sharing critical care skills" "Role expansion for critical care outreach nurses" "Critical care follow-up" "The learning needs of critical care outreach practitioners" "A toolkit for managing changing in practice"

The book is written by expert critical care nurses and doctors who have included case studies that demonstrate innovations in practice and useful examples of how the challenges faced in outreach can be managed.

This easy to use book provides prompts for critical thinking and tips to enhance and develop individual practice and clinical service effectiveness. Critical care nurses and doctors, nursing students, medical and physiotherapy students and post registration nurses would find this practical book of great value.

In this issue of Critical Care Clinics, guest editors Drs. Robert M. Kliegman and Brett J. Bordini bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Undiagnosed and Rare Diseases in Critical Care. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as critical genetic arrhythmia disorders, uncommon causes of rhabdomyolysis, status epilepsy syndromes, autoimmune encephalitis, rapid-onset paralysis and weakness, and more. Contains 17 relevant, practice-oriented topics including understanding cognitive diagnostic errors in the ICU; rapid WES/WGS in the ICU; diagnostic time-outs to improve diagnosis; when "sepsis" is not sepsis: MAS, HLH, malignancies and other sepsis mimics; all that wheezes is not asthma or bronchiolitis; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on undiagnosed and rare diseases in critical care, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

The second edition of Mechanical Ventilation and Intensive Respiratory Care functions as both an educational manual and a clinical reference for those involved in monitoring, managing, and delivering care to patients requiring respiratory intervention or mechanical ventilatory support. The book explains everything the nurse or other health care professional needs for safe and effective clinical practice in a complete, easy to understand guide. Contains cutting-edge coverage of respiratory care to keep nurses and other health care professionals up to date Includes valuable information on airways, oxygen delivery devices; lung expansion, bronchial hygiene and aerosol therapies Rich in illustrations, boxes and tables to support understanding of information Fundamental and advanced, but practical, information about mechanical ventilation from patient selection and application, to monitoring, troubleshooting, and weaning including basic and complex modes Specialized techniques such as independent lung ventilation and high frequency oscillatory ventilation Comprehensive appendices provide practical and current information including the latest on drugs Covers the newest airways on the market such as tubes that provide for suctioning of secretions above the cuff, thereby potentially reducing the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia Contains current research on the use of positioning to enhance lung volume, oxygenation, and secretion clearance Revised headings and subheadings to ensure the reader can readily locate topics of interest Content markedly expanded on noninvasive ventilation or ventilation without an endotracheal tube, lung recruitment maneuvers, lung protective ventilatory strategies, and prevention of complications of mechanical ventilation such as pneumonia and ventilator induced lung injury Expanded mechanical ventilation content to include advanced modes, dual control modes and the latest research findings on uses and application of PEEP New chapter on ventilator graphics and waveform analysis opens up a new area of monitoring for practitioners Substantial revision of content on weaning from mechanical ventilation includes comprehensive weaning assessment tools and multidisciplinary protocols All figures are updated to ensure current products and manufacturers Appendix on Ventilator Withdrawal at End-of-Life including ethical issues and procedural steps Specialized techniques such as heliox, inhaled nitric oxide, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation including rationale for therapy and information for establishing standards of care

Specifically focusing on the immediate management and diagnosis of patients in the intensive care unit, this reference contains expert reviews and practical care recommendations for patients with acute respiratory failure. Packed with detailed descriptions of treatment procedures and quality figures throughout each chapter, Practical Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine will stand as a must-have armamentarium of protocols and guidelines for efficient and effective patient care.

This atlas is a comprehensive guide to critical care for intensivists. Divided into eight sections, the book begins with discussion on airway management. The following sections describe critical care for different sub specialties - respiratory system, cardiology, gastroenterology and neurology. The final sections cover trauma cases, microbiology and miscellaneous topics which provide an overview of rheumatology, nephrology, haematology, ultrasound and more. The book is highly illustrated with more than 1100 clinical photographs, diagrams, radiological images and tables. Key points Comprehensive guide to critical care for intensivists Covers key sub specialties Includes trauma cases Highly illustrated with more than 1100 photographs, diagrams and radiological images

The book will provide some basic aspects of the pathophysiology of infection, but essentially the book will be practical-based and use case-illustrations to highlight key aspects of diagnosis, management and prevention. Through a combination of text, tables, figures/line drawings, clinical illustrations and other illustrations, it is hoped to provide a comprehensive, interesting and stimulating approach to this important subject. Guidance on the appropriate use of laboratory investigations, as well as radiology, together with templates to use for deciding on the optimal choice of anti-infective agents will be amongst the strengths of this book.

High quality critical care medicine is a crucial component of advanced health care. Completely revised and updated, Key Topics in Critical Care, Second Edition provides a broad knowledge base in the major areas of critical care, enabling readers to rapidly acquire an understanding of the principles and practice of this area of modern clinical medicine. Expanded to include the latest hot topics, the new edition puts an increased emphasis on recent reviews and contains added references to key landmark papers. Using the trademark Key Topics style, each topic has been written by an expert in the field and includes a succinct overview of the subject with references to current publications for further reading. The book provides a framework for candidates of postgraduate medical examinations such as FRCS, MRCP, and FRCA and a reference that can be consulted in emergency situations. New topics include: Critical illness polyneuromyopathy End of life care Inotropes and vasopressors Medical emergency team (outreach critical care) Status epilepticus Venous thromboembolism

In this issue of Critical Care Clinics, guest editor Paul Bergl brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Diagnostic Excellence in the ICU. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on the latest updates in Diagnostic Excellence in the ICU, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

Health Care Ethics examines the way ethical dilemmas are played out in everyday clinical practice and argues for an approach to ethical decision-making which focuses more on patient needs than competing professional interests.

While advances in medical science and technology have improved the ability to save and prolong lives, they have also given rise to fundamental questions about what constitutes life and personhood, especially in the context of what are termed 'persistent vegetative state' and 'brain death'. Drawing on the example of intensive care where such questions feature strongly in everyday practice, Kath M Melia examines how decisions are taken within the context of multiprofessional teamworking, including

- whether to admit a patient and commence treatment

- what the aim of treatment should be (i.e. palliation, care or cure)

- when to limit, withhold or withdraw treatment

- when to donate organs.

As an area in which different professional groups work closely together, the author argues that there are lessons to be learnt from intensive care which can be applied to ethical decision making in all areas of health care for the greater good of patients.

The book makes a significant contribution to the literature on ethics in health care and to the development of ethical decision making which prioritises the needs of patients. It is essential reading for ethicists, sociologists and health care professionals.

An intensive-care doctor reveals the long-term problems caused by ICUs, and how these can be prevented. Thousands of people are admitted to intensive-care units (ICUs) every day, and this is only increasing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Most of these admissions will be sudden, unexpected, and harrowing - an experience that can alter patients and their families in physical, emotional, and spiritual ways, with effects that endure for years. But there is hope. Dr Ely is a leading ICU doctor. His unconventional methods minimise patients being harmed by the cutting-edge technologies that are saving their lives; post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a well-established complication that millions of ICU survivors battle, which Dr Ely aims to eradicate. His cutting-edge studies have convinced doctors around the world to change their ICU practices for the better. Through captivating stories, Dr Ely shows how he and colleagues from around the world have re-introduced humanity into the ICU, creating pathways that bring hope and healing to healthcare. This is the future of medicine, and is a must-read for healthcare professionals, patients, and their families.

This book provides a unique frame work for examining acute lung syndromes that arise from hematologic disorders or is defined by a hematologic abnormality as a key feature. Acute lung processes arising from hematologic disorders can present as life-threatening conditions, and as such, the pulmonary physician or critical care physician are often directly involved in care or called upon to provide expertise. Chapters are organized into three sections, each with an emphasis on pathogenesis and current understanding of mechanisms. The text begins with the central theme of the lungs as the direct interface between the external environment and blood, description of individual components of the hematopoietic system, their function and relevance to the lungs. The second section outlines both benign and malignant primary hematologic disorders that can lead to acute pulmonary manifestations. The final section focuses on acute lung syndromes stemming from complications of transfusion and treatment. Chapters are presented in an easy-to-access format, providing information on diagnosis, management, and outcomes. This is a valuable resource for pulmonary fellows in training, pulmonologists, critical care physicians, and physicians involved in caring for patients in the ICU.

* Complete coverage of the FFICM Structured Oral Examination curricullum ensuring confidence in sitting the exam * Facilitates structured study and revision * Organised by sub specialty area to enable focused revision * Up to date guidance in key areas

This extensively updated textbook is a comprehensive study guide that covers pediatric critical care principles and specific disease entities commonly encountered by the pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) practitioner. Pathophysiologic aspects unique to the pediatric patient are emphasized. The first edition has become a highly utilized text for pediatric critical care fellows. The second edition will prove even more valuable to the fellow in-training and indeed to any clinical pediatric intensivist. In addition to updating the chapters from the previous edition, there are new chapters on topics such as central nervous structure and function, palliative care, child abuse and practical biostatistics. Pediatric Critical Care: Text and Study Guide is an invaluable clinically focused resource for PCCM practitioners. Allowing for concise reading on specific topics, this book acts as both text and study guide covering advanced physiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations and treatment approaches that should be mastered by the higher level PCCM practitioner. The large number of illustrations complements the text in each chapter that also includes key references and case-orientated questions that help reinforce important ideas learned in the chapter.

Offering an up-to-date perspective on the complexity of mental illness, Psychotic Disorders: Using Co-Morbidity Diagnoses to Enhance Treatment provides unique insight by presenting schizophrenia and psychosis as a cormorbid disorders. Comprehensive coverage of the five comorbidity subtypes includes everything from definitions of the comorbidity syndrome (with DSM-5 criteria) and how to interview to specific symptoms for the psychotic diagnosis, diagnosis, and treatment. This first-of-its-kind reference is a valuable clinical resource for psychiatrists, neurologists, neuropsychiatrists, psychologists, and clinicians in training, as well as a useful tool for exam review. Reflects current research, diagnosis, and treatment options for: Schizophrenia with Voices and Panic Anxiety Obsessive-Compulsive Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Persecutory Delusional Disorder and Social Anxiety Delusional Depression and Melancholic Depression Bipolar I Disorder and Atypical Depression Substance Use Psychoses Medical Illness and Iatrogenic Psychoses Covers treatment options and outcomes with medication and psychotherapy. Includes sample patient interview approaches and/or biological tests for each diagnosis. Highlights symptoms, quasi-psychotic symptoms and secondary signs of the comorbidities when alone, and when in conjunction with psychosis. Reviews diagnosis-specific significance and contributory roles of neurotransmitters, hypofrontality, psychological trauma, and genetics. Enhanced eBook version allows access to entire book contents on most devices. Included free with book purchase, or purchase separately.

Returning for its fifth edition, the Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia has been re-energized by new editors and a specialist contributor team, while still retaining its much-loved, clear and concise style. Written for anaesthetists at all stages of their careers, from trainees sitting exams through to experienced consultants as well as ODPs and nurses involved in theatre area work and pre-assessment, this comprehensive guide to the anaesthetic world is as indispensable as ever. This new edition has been completely revised and brings you the most up-to-date guidance and information to keep pace with fast-moving areas of anaesthesia, including a completely revised regional anaesthesia chapter. Now in full colour and packed with enhanced illustrations throughout, including new ECG rhythm strips and illustrations of specialist equipment, the Handbook also includes colour coding for easier navigation. Designed for daily use, this Handbook is your essential companion to anaesthesia, with everything you need at your fingertips whether on the go or for revision.