This book comprehensively addresses the use of pulmonary function measurement for the evaluation, screening and timing of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) from hospital to home care. To do so, it describes three clinical stages of NIMV support: before NIV, to detect early markers and determine whether NIV is appropriate; during NIV, to evaluate NIV response; and in long-term NIV support. Additionally, it assesses a range of complementary health care organizations (pulmonary function labs, pneumology wards, semi-intensive care units and home mechanical ventilation programs), techniques (chest physiotherapy/airway secretions, etc.) and applications. In closing, the book offers practical recommendations on how noninvasive ventilation and lung function measurement can improve outcomes and quality of life, making it a valuable resource for all specialists, e.g. intensivists and pneumologists, as well as anesthesiologists and therapists.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the basic physiology of the cardiac and pulmonary systems, tools for cardiopulmonary monitoring, and related issues in the management of specific conditions. The volume is divided into three main parts. The first part examines the functional basis of normal and abnormal physiology, organized into cardiac and pulmonary units and followed by a "combined" interactive component. The next section discusses cardiopulmonary monitoring tools and variables and is also divided into cardiac (e.g, echocardiography, heart rate, cardiac output), pulmonary (e.g, lung volume, pleural pressure, electrical impedance tomography), and combined tools such as radiology/MRI and tissue perfusion tests. The third section concerns the management and application of specific clinical problems such as pulmonary hypertension, cardiac shunts, cardiogenic shock, and ECMO with an emphasis on the physiological basics. Cardiopulmonary Monitoring: Basic Physiology, Tools, and Bedside Management for the Critically Ill is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, medical students, and researchers in cardiology, critical care, emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and radiology.

This book is an invaluable resource for the diagnosis and management of neurological illnesses in the emergency setting. It emphasizes the quality of prognosis to be contingent on the prompt management of these illnesses. Emergency Neurology, Second Edition follows the exemplary format of the previous edition, with comprehensive chapters on every neurological emergency, including stroke, headache, back pain, dizziness, vertigo, syncope, visual loss, diplopia, facial nerve palsy, weakness, altered mental status, coma, meningitis and encephalitis, seizures, and spinal cord disorders. Chapters emphasize the clinical presentation, diagnostic studies and management, and include high-quality images and tables that are invaluable for rapid diagnosis and therapy. Building off its predecessor's success, Emergency Neurology, Second Edition is an excellent reference for neurologists, emergency room physicians, internists, neurology residents, emergency medicine residents, and internal medicine residents.

The Comatose Patient is a single authored entirely new work written by a practicing critical care neurologist. It includes a critical historical overview of the concepts of consciousness and unconsciousness, principles of neurologic examination of the comatose patients including instruction of a new coma scale, the 'FOUR Score', a new practical multistep approach to the diagnosis of the comatose patient, extensive coverage of interpretation of neuroimaging and its role in daily practice and decision making, management in the emergency room and ICU and long-term supportive care and approach to communication with family members and end-of-life decision. It also discusses landmark legal cases and ethical problems and a chapter on the public perception of coma. The book is lavishly illustrated with 200 illustrations throughout the book.
Unprecedented, this book includes 75 comprehensive case vignettes covering the entire spectrum of causes leading to coma. In each case a specific cause is presented. Every example is fully discussed and explained with an emphasis on the mechanism of coma in that particular case and followed by a section on management and expected outcome.
This monograph additionally includes a 45-minute DVD with 5 narrated chapters and an easy to use navigation menu. Included are 40 patient examples showing the instructions of the FOUR score Coma Scale, common neurological findings in coma, breathing patterns in coma, different types of prolonged comatose states including a persistent vegetative state and a minimally conscious state. Using 3D animation, the DVD includes a comprehensive description of the determination of Brain Death and how to safely do the apneatest. There is an emphasis on pitfalls and common concerns. The DVD can also be used for neurology and neurosurgery residency programs, medical and nursing school curricula and physical therapy programs.

The fully updated second edition of this popular handbook concisely summarizes all current knowledge about delirium in critically ill patients and describes simple tools the bedside clinician can use to prevent, diagnose and manage delirium. Chapters discuss new developments in assessing risk and diagnosis, crucial discoveries regarding delirium and long-term cognitive outcomes, and dangers of sedation and death. Updated management advice reflects new evidence about antipsychotics and delirium. This book explains how to minimise the risks of delirium, drugs to avoid, drugs to use and when to use them, as well as current theories regarding pathophysiology, different motoric subtypes leading to missed diagnosis, and the adverse impact of delirium on patient outcomes. While there are still unanswered questions, this edition contains all the available answers. Illustrated with real-life case reports, Delirium in Critical Care is essential reading for trainees, consultants and nurses in the ICU and emergency department.

This popular handbook provides a practical guide to managing common and important problems in the critically ill patient, as well as sufficient background information to enable understanding of the principles and rationale behind the therapy without overloading the reader with detailed basic science. Fully updated throughout, this third edition of Handbook of ICU Therapy includes new chapters on coagulation problems in the critically ill, airway management, electrolyte and metabolic acid/base problems, optimizing antimicrobial therapy, chronic critical illness, recognizing and responding to the deteriorating patient, ICU rehabilitation, palliative care, neurotrauma, the comatose patient, the obstetric patient, endocrine problems, and care of organ donors. Authored by senior clinicians from both sides of the Atlantic, chapters retain the easy-to-read format of previous editions. Aimed particularly at residents and trainees starting out in the ICU or preparing for postgraduate examinations, this handbook also serves as a valuable refresher for established intensivists, anesthesiologists and surgeons.

Whether a mass casualty, earthquake or weather event at home, or a disaster abroad, proper preparation is essential for providing high-quality care. This concise guide brings together the views and knowledge of experienced responders to offer a much-needed review of the essential elements of anesthesia and intensive care for disasters and austere environments. Combining academic theory and practical advice, the book covers topics such as emergency and trauma surgery; airway management; chemical, biological and radiological exposure; personal protective equipment; and the psychological impact of working in the operating room in disaster situations. As successful care depends on the incident response team working collaboratively, the text also covers emergency communications, infrastructure preservation, and topics relevant to other medical specialists such as pain management and obstetrics. Featuring numerous high-quality illustrations, Essentials of Disaster Anesthesia is a vital, relevant resource for anesthetists, emergency physicians, nurses, and ancillary personnel.

The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has become widely employed in intensive care medicine (ICM) exams such as the UK Final Fellowship of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM), the European Diploma of Intensive Care (EDIC) exam, or the Australia and New Zealand Fellowship of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM). This book is not only an essential tool for the rehearsal of OSCEs in preparation for these exams, but also for American and Indian exams, and any other exams within the field of intensive care medicine. The OSCE is a style of examination that requires the candidate to present specific information in a short space of time matched to a prescriptive mark scheme. This book allows candidates preparing for an ICM OSCE to format their knowledge for this type of examination whilst practising and rehearsing against time. The 60 OSCE stations provide a broad array of topics from past exams ranging across the training ICM curriculums. The mark schemes are presented in a short, punctuated form allowing the candidate access to important points, ideal at the sharp end of an exam campaign. The 5 sets of OSCE exams are designed to run as a set of 12. Each set will have an array of clinical scenarios requiring swift assessment, diagnosis, recommendations for investigations and management, whilst also exploring aspects of pathophysiology. There are a number of data-interpretation tools that are incorporated into clinical scenarios as well as standalone stations for electrocardiogram and radiology analysis. This book is an important preparatory tool crucial to the armamentarium of any candidate preparing for an ICM exam.

Critical Care Neurology, Part II: Neurology of Critical Illness focuses on the care specialists and general neurologists that consult in the ICU and their work with patients in acute, life-threatening situations who are dealing with neurologic or neurosurgical crises emanating from either a preexisting neurologic syndrome or from a new neurologic complication appearing as a result of another medical or surgical critical illness. These two separate clinical situations form the pillars of neurocritical care, hence these practices are addressed via two separate, but closely related, HCN volumes. Chapters in both focus on pathophysiology and management, and are tailored for both general neurologists and active neurocritical specialists, with a specific focus on management over diagnostics. Part I addresses the principles of neurocritical care and the management of various neurologic diseases. Part II addresses the interplay between neurologic complications and the surgical, medical, cardiac, and trauma of critical illnesses that most typically present in the ICU.

Written for trainees who are preparing to take the Anesthesia Oral Board exam, Rapid Review Anesthesiology Oral Boards is focused on the most commonly tested topics on the ABA oral board exam. Presented in a question-and-answer format, the book covers 39 different clinical scenarios encountered in the exam, including the Parkland formula to calculate fluid resuscitation in burn patients, ICP monitoring in craniotomy and hemodynamic goals in patients with cardiac disease. Questions follow the normal course of a case, from pre-operative assessment to intra-operative management and post-operative care. The answers to the questions are carefully structured to not only help the reader understand the medicine of anesthesia but also to provide the correct terminology needed to successfully pass the exam. This book is essential reading for trainees preparing for one of the toughest exams of their careers.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Intracranial Pressure and Neuromonitoring, held in Leuven, Belgium in September 2019. It provides an overview of the current understanding, underlying research and future perspectives concerning pathophysiology, biophysics, monitoring and management in traumatic and non-traumatic acute brain injury, hydrocephalus and spinal cord injury, including cerebrovascular autoregulation impairment in neurological as well as non-neurological diseases. The peer-reviewed contributions were prepared by specialists in neurosurgery, neurointensive care and neuroanesthesiology, as well as prominent experts from the fields of physiology, clinical and biomedical engineering, mathematics and informatics. The book continues the time-honored tradition of publishing key presentations from the ICP Conferences in order to facilitate their dissemination within the clinical and research community.

Although most clinicians are aware of the problem of antimicrobial resistance, most also underestimate its significance in their own hospital. The incorrect and inappropriate use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, as well as poor prevention and poor control of infections, are contributing to the development of such resistance. Appropriate use of antibiotics and compliance with infection prevention and control measures should be integral aspects of good clinical practice and standards of care. However, these activities are often inadequate among clinicians, and there is a considerable gap between the best evidence and actual clinical practice. In hospitals, cultural determinants influence clinical practice, and improving behaviour in terms of infection prevention and antibiotics-prescribing practice remains a challenge. Despite evidence supporting the effectiveness of best practices, many clinicians fail to implement them, and evidence-based processes and practices that are known to optimize both the prevention and the treatment of infections tend to be underused. Addressing precisely this problem, this volume offers an essential toolkit for all surgeons and intensivists interested in improving their clinical practices.

In this issue of Critical Care Clinics, guest editors Drs. Robert M. Kliegman and Brett J. Bordini bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Undiagnosed and Rare Diseases in Critical Care. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as critical genetic arrhythmia disorders, uncommon causes of rhabdomyolysis, status epilepsy syndromes, autoimmune encephalitis, rapid-onset paralysis and weakness, and more. Contains 17 relevant, practice-oriented topics including understanding cognitive diagnostic errors in the ICU; rapid WES/WGS in the ICU; diagnostic time-outs to improve diagnosis; when "sepsis" is not sepsis: MAS, HLH, malignancies and other sepsis mimics; all that wheezes is not asthma or bronchiolitis; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on undiagnosed and rare diseases in critical care, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Irwin & Rippe's Manual of Intensive Care Medicine has established itself as an invaluable reference for students, interns, residents, fellows, nurse practitioners and physician assistants, nurses, and respiratory care practitioners working in the critical care medicine environment. Known for its reader-friendly outline format and compact portable size, this handy manual builds upon its tradition of excellence in its Sixth Edition. Available both in print and electronic formats, the Sixth Edition parallels the text, Irwin & Rippe's Intensive Care Medicine, Seventh Edition , and features fully updated and revised content with a focus on patient safety. Key Features:" Fully revised content addresses recent developments, including the larger role for ultrasound, in critical care medicine. Annotated references are provided at the close of each chapter to guide the interested reader through key articles in the relevant literature. Video clips have been added where appropriate to reinforce key points and findings. Logical organization begins with an extensive section on Procedures and Techniques, followed by 15 sections covering organ system problems as well as palliative care, legal and ethical issues, and transplantation. Thorough coverage of pharmacology, poisonings, and overdoses presented in a tabular format. New section editors share a wealth of experience and expertise targeted to broaden readers' skills.

A brand new series from Oxford University Press, the Oxford Clinical Imaging Guides are specifically designed to help doctors master imaging techniques. Each guide explains the principles and practice of using imaging in an easy-to-read, highly-illustrated, and authoritative manner. Focused Intensive Care Ultrasound is a practical manual designed to help you use ultrasound to assess and treat critically ill patients. Extensively illustrated, the book comes with online access to over 70 videos and 60 self-assessment questions. This is the first book comprehensively mapped to the syllabi of Focused Intensive Care Echocardiography (FICE), Core Ultrasound for Intensive Care (CUSIC), Resuscitation Council UK's Focused Echocardiography in Emergency Life support (FEEL), British Society of Echocardiography's Level 1 Accreditation, and Focused Acute Medical Ultrasound (FAMUS). It is also ideal for European Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FoCUS) training. Providing a clear distinction between basic and advance skills, it introduces relevant aspects of advanced echocardiography for more experienced learners. With a focus on clinical issues, and supported by relevant physiological principles, this book teaches you exactly what you need to know to assimilate ultrasound into your everyday intensive care practice. Designed as an essential day-to-day reference and learning tool, this resource is ideal for trainees, consultants and critical care practitioners wishing to master ultrasound skills.

"Critical Care MCQs" is the perfect companion for anyone sitting exams in intensive care, as a training resource or just wanting to improve their knowledge in this constantly developing area of medical practice. Written by critical care doctors with experience of UK and European examination formats, this book leads the reader through 450 true/false questions with referenced explanations, covering core syllabus topics and key influential papers to date. A detailed list of further resources and recommendations relevant to critical care revision is also provided to enable readers to further their knowledge and understanding. It is hoped that this book will prove invaluable for preparation and success in upcoming intensive care exams for both candidates and trainers. This book would be useful for not only candidates sitting the UK Final Fellowship of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) and European Diploma of Intensive Care (EDIC) exams, but also the Indian Diploma in Critical Care Medicine (IDCCM), the Diploma of the Irish Board of Intensive Care Medicine (DIBICM), the Australia and New Zealand Fellowship of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM), American Board and any other examinations related to intensive care.

This book aims to cover the important pediatric ophthalmic diagnoses that present in the emergency room. A collaborative work of experienced experts, it describes the history, examination, testing, epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis for a variety of disorders. Richly illustrated, the book off ers an invaluable tool for all specialists and trainees entrusted with the care of children presenting with ocular conditions. Across 17 comprehensive yet concise chapters, this book provides an overview on a number of typical pathologies, including trauma, infections, inflammations, and tumors. Organized into five sections, each chapter is written to relay broad insight into the common ophthalmic conditions that may bring a child in for an acute healthcare visit. Additionally, skillfully written text is further supplemented by many high-quality images, including clinical photographs, fundus images, radiographs, and intraoperative photos. Pediatric Ophthalmology in the Emergency Room meets the market need for a resource on this specific topic designed for trainee instruction. It is a valuable text for medical students, residents, and fellows, as well as anyone involved in the urgent or emergent care of children, including ER physicians, ophthalmologists, optometrists and other personnel.

Variability in care in emergency surgery is well known, particularly in abdominal surgery, and reducing it is fundamental to improving outcomes. It is therefore vital to identify the factors that are key to improving mortality and reducing complications in various surgical emergencies. Under the leadership of the World Society of Emergency Surgery, over 200 leading experts in emergency surgery, critical care and surgical infections established a template to help define and optimise emergency surgery, particularly that relating to the abdomen. This book refines this initial work, crystallising it into a meaningful resource for practising surgeons and health care administrators alike, and paving the way for advances in emergency surgery around the globe. This book sets a benchmark for Emergency Surgery and is a must read for those wanting their patients to do better.

The aim of this book is to educate and train practitioners in the safe and professional use of diagnostic ultrasound imaging in the visualization and interpretation of various cerebral conditions not only in neurointensive care, but also in the operating room and, in general, cardiothoracic and neurocritical care settings. It is chiefly intended for anaesthetists and intensivists with a basic knowledge of ultrasound physics, but also for neurosurgeons and neurologists. All chapters were coordinated by the Editors, with experiences in hands-on courses on Echography and Doppler of the Brain, and prepared by international experts. The book covers from basic principles to estimation of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion. The topics cover emergency department and prehospital brain US as part of POCUS and US multiorgan evaluation to general intensive care, neurointensive care and anesthesia, including special populations as pregnant and children and setting as LMIC. Clinical scenarios complete the book. An innovative and unique guide that equips readers to perform bedside and non-invasive assessments for a range of cerebrovascular diseases.

Acute Care Casebook provides a case-based approach to the broad practice of acute care medicine, covering a variety of common patient presentations and clinical environments. This book features over 70 illustrated cases, including presentations of trauma and medical illness in wilderness medicine, military and prehospital environments, pediatrics, emergency medicine, and intensive care unit and floor emergencies. Designed for students and trainees in medicine, nursing, EMS, and other acute care specialties, this text guides readers through not only symptom evaluation and treatment, but also the thought process and priorities of experienced clinicians. Each chapter features key diagnoses and management pearls from leading experts that will help prepare readers for any event, from stabilizing and transporting a trauma patient in the field, to managing post-operative complications in the ICU.

Emergency Radiology is a quick reference pocketbook for radiologists worldwide working in any emergency or acute care setting. It acts both as a checklist of presenting features to enable accurate interpretation of diagnostic imaging investigations and as a guide to understanding the basics of performing therapeutic or diagnostic interventional procedures. A wide range of emergencies are reviewed, giving all pertinent information in a concise presentation for on-call radiologists and trainees who encounter these emergencies out-of-hours. The text is complemented by high quality images of emergency conditions in all body systems, including head, cardiovascular, chest, abdomen, pelvis and extremities. Pediatrics, fluoroscopy, ultrasound and the use of MRI in emergencies are also discussed. Emergency Radiology is an invaluable for all radiologists, emergency physicians and radiography technicians, as well as for any healthcare practitioner involved in patient care in the emergency or acute care environment.

Cardiac implantable device (CIED) infections are a key issue since they have serious consequences in terms of morbidity, mortality and associated costs for healthcare systems. Such infections are highly complex, which has implications for prevention (several factors underlie its development), diagnosis (requiring patient specific integration of several elements), acute treatment (choice of the antibiotic, lead extraction procedure), as well as long-term management (CIED re-implantation strategy and follow-up). Dealing with CIED infections requires appropriate organization of healthcare provision, with the creation of integrated hub-spoke referrals, and it has prompted many of the recent developments in CIED technologies: leadless pacemakers, subcutaneous defibrillators, antibacterial envelops and lead extraction devices. This book systematically examines all aspects of this multifaceted condition, discussing each clinical and organizational issue in a separate self-contained chapter. It starts by reviewing the epidemiology/pathophysiology of CIED infections, and then addresses acute and long-term management. Offering a comprehensive overview of the prevention of infections, considering both current and future perspectives, the book also provides practical suggestions along with recommendations from the literature in the field. This is the first book entirely focused on CIED infections. Written by an international team of leading experts it will appeal to broad audience, including cardiologists, electrophysiologists, infectious disease specialists, internists, healthcare professionals, health service managers and providers, researchers and those working in industries involved in the field.

Acute Medical Algorithms is an original and compact text designed to aid the clinician in dealing with acute medical conditions. The book includes 70 algorithms - either problem-orientated or related to specific conditions - together with complementary notes and references. It will therefore be relevant to all grades of hospital doctor, and to medical students and general practitioners also.

In this issue of Critical Care Clinics, guest editor Paul Bergl brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Diagnostic Excellence in the ICU. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on the latest updates in Diagnostic Excellence in the ICU, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.