Die Behandlung der aktuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz steht hiiufig im Mittelpunkt therapeutischer Bemiihungen warnend der postoperativen Phase sowie in der Intensivmedizin. Entsprechend lag und liegt das wissenschaftliche Hauptinteresse zahlreicher Arbeitsgruppen verschiedenster medizinischer Fachrichtunge- von der Physiologie liber die Pathologie, Rontgenologie, Chirurgie, Innere Medizin bis hin zur Aniisthesiologie und Intensivmedizi- im Bemiihen, den Pathomechanismus der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz aufzukliiren und hieraus therapeutische Konsequenzen zu entwickeln. Das vorliegende Heft beinhaltet Vortriige, die auf einem inter- nationalen Symposium, veranstaltet yom Institut flir Aniisthesiolo- gie der Universitiit MUnchen, gehalten worden sind. Die themati- sche Palette reicht von der Darstellung der normalen Lungenfunk- tion bis hin zur Diskussion detaillierter Fragen der Beeinflussung von PEEP auf die Hamodynamik. Es wird die pathologische Anato- mie der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz dargestellt, das rontge- nologische Substrat bei dieser Erkrankung diskutiert und die ver- schiedensten therapeutischen Verfahren werden angesprochen. Von besonderem Interesse wird flir Experten die Diskussion der Frage nach der Bedeutung des !lerzens, insbesondere des rechten Ven- trikels unter den Bedingungen der respiratorischen Insuffizienz sein. Es ist das liel der Zusammenstellung der verschiedenen Sympo- siumsbeitrlige, fdr Studenten wie auch fUr Arzte, die an Fragen der Intensivmedizin interessiert sind, eine lesenswerte Arbeitsgrundlage zu schaffen. Mein Dank gilt deshalb den Autoren sowie dem Springer-Verlag.

F.A. Bauhofer, Geneva In disaster situations, the particular concern of WHO is not so much to offer immediate relief and assistance for affected communities, but to have ready prepared plans for the provision of primary medical care as well as for resuscitation and casualty services. Disast ers are characterized by a need for rapid assistance and by the inability of affected communities to cope with the large scale mortality, morbidity, and damage to essential installations and homes. In some highly elaborate and centralized societies even small scale events may assume the proportion of a disaster, if they result in the serious break down of vital services. The Executive Board of the World Health Organization has defmed disasters or "emergencies," as situations where there are unforeseen, serious, and immediate threats to public health. Particularly severe disasters may be classified as catastrophes; such -occurrences, whether natural or man-made, disturb or overthrow the existing order. For planning purposes, it is important to distinguish between different types of catastrophes since they require special relief measures. In the past, medical assistance was primarily needed in epidemics of, for example, plague, cholera, and smallpox. Today, health authorities face emergency problems brought about by major accidents and outbreaks of chemical pollution and poisoning, which may have long-term effects. The role of health services may differ quite extenSively in different types of cata strophes, and an attempt must be made to draw up specific plans to deal with them."

This book is a practical and easily understandable guide for mechanical ventilation. With a focus on the basics, this text begins with a detailed account of the mechanisms of spontaneous breathing as a reference point to then describe how a ventilator actually works and how to effectively use it in practice. The text then details: the various modes of ventilation commonly used in clinical practice; patient-ventilator interactions and dyssynchrony; how to approach a patient on the ventilator with respiratory decompensation; the optimal ventilator management for common disease states like acute respiratory distress syndrome and obstructive lung disease; the process of ventilator weaning; and hemodynamic effects of mechanical ventilation. Written for medical students, residents, and practicing physicians in a variety of different specialties (including internal medicine, critical care, surgery and anesthesiology), this book will instruct readers on how to effectively manage a ventilator, as well as explain the underlying interactions between it and the critically ill patient.

The primary focus of critical care is doing everything necessary to save lives. With so many things to manage, it comes as no surprise that the complex, multi-layered issues faced by critical illness survivors cannot be managed by intensive care specialists alone. Critical Care Psychology and Rehabilitation provides insight into holistic care of survivors. Written by leading experts, the book builds upon current literature and illustrates the benefits of integrating psychological and rehabilitation techniques throughout the care continuum. Chapters include summaries of treatment techniques, developments in intensive care settings, support and training for staff, and opportunities for further research. Although all chapters are relevant to contemporary psychology practice, the book is written in a style that is accessible to a wide audience of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals. Critical Care Psychology and Rehabilitation offers tools to improve the quality of intensive and post intensive care, with positive outcomes for patients, families, and caregivers.

The backbone of in-patient care is the hospital ward, and I believe that this will remain so in the future. Shortcomings in the staffing, organization and layout of the conventional ward have been recog nized for a long time, but there have been few changes and not all these have benefited the patient. The evolution of specialized treat ment centres for poliomyelitis, thoracic surgery, burns and so on, showed the need for a new staffing structure-a re-organization of patient care and of secondary importance, new forms of accom modation. These regional or referral centres serve large populations or areas and are collectively known as specialized intensive care (or therapy) units. The idea of using similar principles of staffing, organ ization and facilities to serve each large district hospital came much later (1959) and was first applied in the United States. Thus, the general intensive care unit was born, a unit which would treat critically ill patients irrespective of the nature of their disease, in sharp contrast to the specialized intensive care unit. The staffing structure and technologies of the two are however similar. Special ized intensive care consists of a single speciality or two specialities, for example thoracic surgery and thoracic anaesthesia. General intensive care cannot be a speciality because it embraces the whole of acute medicine, acute surgery, accident surgery, toxicology and many more individual specialities. This very diversity makes it difficult to organize, but interesting to perform.

Traditional Doctor / Nurse boundaries are being eroded with nurses expanding their sphere of practice to encompass assessment skills and enable them to manage total episodes of patient care with true autonomy (DOH 2000). More recently we have seen the emergence of Nurse Practitioners undertaking this advanced level of health assessment in the acute medical arena. This book will support the decision-making process and treatment that can be offered by these individuals.

"Acute Medicine - A Handbook for Nurse Practitioners"is an up-to-date, practical and comprehensive guide, offering invaluable information and advice on the management of acute medical conditions. Key features include:

Assessment, investigation, diagnosis and management of the most acute medical conditions A guide through the management of the patient and identification of priorities for treatment Legal, professional and ethical issues faced by nurses working at an advanced level Role development The development of protocols and prescribing Examples of Clinical Management Plans for the supplementary prescriber and Patient Group Directions to support practice

Written by an experienced Consultant Nurse in Acute Medicine, this engaging book will serve as a text from which the busy and highly skilled nurse can refer to for information on assessment, diagnosis and management of acute medical conditions.

Including previously unpublished guidelines and recent care descriptions not available in any other text, this reference provides illustrative chapters on the identification, diagnosis, and management of commonly encountered diseases and conditions in the care of the critically-ill patient. Researching the most recent clinical trials and supplying a extensive amount of tables, references, and figures, this guide examines issues significantly affecting the efficacy of care in the ICU, such as nutritional formulations, sedation methods, pain control, life-support technology, and the electronic health record.

'...provides an excellent introduction to the management of acute illness for all clinical staff, and a solid foundation for those who choose to make ICM a fulfilling life-long career.' From the Foreword by Julian Bion, Professor of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Birmingham Ideal for any medic or health professional embarking upon an intensive care rotation or specialism, this simple bedside handbook provides handy, pragmatic guidance to the day-to-day fundamentals of working in an intensive care unit, often a daunting prospect for the junior doctor, nurse and allied health professional encountering this challenging environment for the first time. Thoroughly updated, the second edition addresses recent and future developments in a variety of areas and is now organised into easy-to-read sections with clearly outlined learning goals. New topics added include sepsis, ARDS, refractory hypoxia, the role of allied health professionals, post ICU syndrome and follow up, and consent and capacity including new DOLS guidance. The book is authored by world-renowned contributors and edited by established consultants in the field of intensive care medicine.

Atlas provides insightful guidance on how to perform core procedures in the neuro ICU Neuro ICU Procedure Atlas by distinguished neurosurgeons Jack I. Jallo and David F. Slottje is a visually rich, step-by-step atlas describing technical aspects of common bedside procedures performed in patients with grave neurological conditions. With contributions from an impressive group of contributors, the book features 13 chapters encompassing fundamental techniques, such as shunt externalization/shunt tap, lumbar puncture, lumbar drain, ICP monitor, PbtO2 and JvO2 monitors, central and arterial line, cervical traction, intubation, cricothyrotomy, chest tube, and more. Key Highlights In-depth, reader friendly discussion of vital clinical issues including indications and contraindications, relevant anatomy/physiology, and complications Clinical pearls and troubleshooting sections for each approach Illustrations of ventricular drain or ICP monitor placement, non-conventional ventricular drain insertion points, trajectory lines for ventricular drain insertion, and more provide detailed visual learning guides This essential resource will help neurosurgical residents and early-career neurosurgeons, intensivists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants accelerate the learning curve for the bedside care of critically ill patients. This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

The Nutrition and Health series of books have had great success because each volume has the consistent overriding mission of providing health professionals with texts that are essential because each includes (1) a synthesis of the state of the science, (2) timely, in-depth reviews by the leading researchers in their respective ?elds, (3) extensive, up-to-date fully annotated ref- ence lists, (4) a detailed index, (5) relevant tables and ?gures, (6) identi?cation of paradigm shifts and the consequences, (7) virtually no overlap of information between chapters, but targeted, inter-chapter referrals, (8) suggestions of areas for future research, and (9) balanced, data-driven answers to patient as well as health professionals questions which are based upon the totality of evidence rather than the ?ndings of any single study. The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter and in the choice of chapter authors. The editor(s), whose training(s) is (are) both research and practice oriented, has(ve) the opportunity to develop a primary objective for their book, de?ne the scope and focus, and then invite the leading authorities to be part of their initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the ?eld, discuss their own research, and relate the research ?ndings to potential human health consequences.

Obesity is a global public health issue; significant numbers of the world's population are overweight, growing numbers are obese, and many are morbidly obese. As obesity is associated with a range of co-morbidities (namely cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, depression, and sleep apnoea), it presents a daunting peri-operative challenge to the anaesthetist. The increasing size and weight of patients presenting for surgery involves multiple issues from starting intravenous lines through to intubation and ventilation challenges. The Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia for the Obese Patient is a highly authoritative, evidence-based account of the principles and clinical practice within the field. Across 36 chapters, this resource provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the subject including physiological and pharmacological modifications in the obese patient, bariatric and non-bariatric surgery, specific clinical issues such as fluid management and tissue oxygenation, as well as challenges arising from obesity in the setting of paediatrics, obstetrics, intensive care and trauma. Written and edited by experts in the field, this resource is the definitive guide to clinical management of the obese patient, exploring various international approaches to practice, with helpful case studies, and practical advice on common intra-operative challenges, and how to resolve them using evidence and best practice.

Including previously unpublished guidelines and recent care descriptions not available in any other text, this reference provides illustrative chapters on the identification, diagnosis, and management of commonly encountered diseases and conditions in the care of the critically-ill patient. Researching the most recent clinical trials and supplying a extensive amount of tables, references, and figures, this guide examines issues significantly affecting the efficacy of care in the ICU, such as nutritional formulations, sedation methods, pain control, life-support technology, and the electronic health record.

Prepare for success on the Examination of Special Competence in Critical Care Echocardiography (CCEeXAM)! Critical Care Echocardiography Review is a first-of-its-kind, review textbook containing over 1,200 questions and answers. Helmed by Drs. Marvin G. Chang, Abraham Sonny, David Dudzinski, Christopher R. Tainter, Ryan J. Horvath, Sheri M. Berg, Edward A. Bittner as well as a team of associated editors and authors from institutions across the nation , this highly visual resource covers every aspect of the use of ultrasound for clinical diagnosis and management in the critical care setting, providing a thorough, effective review and helping you identify areas of mastery and those needing further study. Includes over 1,200 multiple-choice questions and answers with rationale and selected references. Features video-based questions, still echocardiograph images and illustrations in both questions and answer explanations to provide dynamic visual support. Covers all exam content, including the physics of ultrasound, image acquisition and optimization, artifacts, quantification and hemodynamic calculations, cardiac ultrasound, rescue echocardiography, clinical applications of diastology, lung and pleural ultrasound, trauma ultrasound and the E-FAST exam, procedures, and much more. , Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech. ,

Guiding FFICM and EDIC exam candidates through the intensive care medicine curriculum, this book provides 48 case studies mapped to eight key areas of study in the UK and European syllabuses. Cases include clinical vignettes, explanations and a list of key learning points, while also being formatted along the structure of FICM case reports. Key clinical management points are identified and linked to appropriate scientific or evidence-based research and case studies chosen reflect a general population relevant to a worldwide readership. Conditions covered are significant to large areas of clinical practice as well as more discrete specialist knowledge, making this an essential study guide for trainees preparing for exams in intensive care medicine and also a useful learning tool for candidates in related disciplines such as anaesthesia (FRCA), emergency medicine (MCEM) and surgery (MRCS).

The Annual Update compiles reviews of the most recent developments in experimental and clinical intensive care and emergency medicine research and practice in one comprehensive book. The chapters are written by well recognized experts in these fields. The book is addressed to everyone involved in internal medicine, anesthesia, surgery, pediatrics, intensive care and emergency medicine.

This second edition of Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia: A Case-Based Handbook offers a comprehensive review of the options, advantanges, and disadvantages of different aspects of the perioperative management of the pediatric patient, as well as examples of a wide range of relevant clinical scenarios. Chapters are organized into 15 sections and cover the field of pediatric anesthesiology with a point-of-care approach. Written by a team of over 50 Pediatric Anesthesiologists at tertiary children's hospitals, this highly accessible text provides readers with multiple approaches to the anesthetic care of the pediatric patient. Each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, followed by learning objectives, clinical vignettes, and a discussion section styled in a question-and-answer format, concluding with a summary of the highest-yield and most salient information. Chapters also provide annotated references and suggestions for further reading to facilitate in-depth study of topic. The variety of cases presented, along with the contributors' expertise, render valuable real-life clinical situations that promote critical thinking and evaluation necessary for all pediatric anesthesiology consultants.

This issue of Physician Assistant Clinics, guest edited by Kim Zuber, PA-C and Jane S. Davis, CRNP, DNP, is devoted to Critical Care Medicine. This comprehensive issue includes the following articles: The PA in Critical Care Medicine; Pharmacology in Critical Care: When, What, and How Much; Bacteria and Viruses: The Bogeymen in the ICU; The Heart of the Matter: CHF, Cardiac Arrest, Cardiac Shock, ST Elevation MI's, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Hemodynamics, and Hypertensive Crisis; The Heart of the Matter: Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery Complications, Mechanical Devices, and ECMO; Breathe In, Breathe Out: Respiratory Considerations in the ICU; When the Kidney goes Rogue: Acute Kidney Infection in the ICU; Bridge Over Troubled Water: Fluid in the ICU; The Gland Plan: Endocrine Emergencies in Critical Care; Slip, Slipping Away: The Brain in the ICU; Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition in the ICU; Special Intensive Care: The SICU; The Sick Child: the PICU; Crash: Trauma Management; and Saying Goodbye: Discussing End of Life Issues with the Critically Ill Patient and Family. CME credits are also available to subscribers of this series.

Intensive care medicine is a dynamic and evolving specialty, requiring its practitioners to be part physician, physiologist and anaesthetist. This requires a firm foundation of knowledge and an ability to apply this to the clinical situation. This book contains 270 multiple choice questions allowing self-assessment of the breadth of knowledge required of the modern intensivist. The book is divided into three papers each consisting of 60 multiple true false (MTF) and 30 single best answer (SBA) questions covering areas including resuscitation, diagnosis, disease management, organ support, and ethical and legal aspects of practice. The MTF questions test factual knowledge and understanding of the evidence base underpinning intensive care medicine, while the SBA questions test the ability of the candidate to prioritise, compete options and make the best decision for the patient. Each question is peer reviewed and accompanied by concise and detailed explanatory notes with references to guide further reading. All the authors are practising intensive care physicians with first-hand experience of professional examinations in the specialty. This book will appeal to intensive care physicians approaching professional examinations worldwide, including the European Diploma, American Board and Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine examinations. In addition, it will appeal to intensive care nurses and allied healthcare professionals wishing to update their knowledge as part of continuing professional development, and to physicians sitting professional examinations in related specialties requiring knowledge of intensive care medicine such as general medicine, general surgery and anaesthesia. This book will complement the existing international best-selling title "Multiple Choice Questions in Intensive Care Medicine" (9781903378 649), also written by Dr Steve Benington.

1 Historische Entwicklung der Tracheotomie.- 1.1 Verbreitung der Tracheotomie im 19. Jahrhundert.- 1.2 Indikation und Technik der Tracheotomie um 1900.- 1.3 Technik der operativen Tracheotomie heute.- 1.4 Entwicklung der perkutanen Tracheo[s]tomie.- Literatur.- 2 Topographische Anatomie der vorderen Halsregion.- 2.1 Grenzen und Form des Halses.- 2.2 Subkutane Strukturen.- 2.3 Faszien und Bindegewebsraume.- 2.4 Halseingeweide.- 2.5 Gefasse im mittleren Halsdreieck.- 2.6 Operativer Zugang zur Trachea.- 3 Indikation und Zeitpunkt der Tracheotomie in der Intensivmedizin.- 3.1 Vor- und Nachteile der prolongierten translaryngealen Intubation.- 3.1.1 Laryngotracheale Intubationsschaden.- 3.1.2 Nosokomiale Infektionen.- 3.1.3 Atemphysiologie.- 3.1.4 Akzidentelle Extubation.- 3.2 Indikationen zur Tracheotomie.- 3.2.1 Laryngotracheale Schaden.- 3.2.2 Nosokomiale Infektionen.- 3.2.3 Atemphysiologie.- 3.2.4 Logistische, oekonomische und pflegerische Aspekte.- 3.3 Zeitpunkt der Tracheotomie.- 3.3.1 Gibt es pradiktive Faktoren fur die Notwendigkeit einer Tracheotomie?.- 3.4 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 4 Perkutane Tracheotomie - Techniken und Komplikationen.- 4.1 Allgemeine Vorbemerkungen.- 4.1.1 Beatmungsverfahren und Monitoring wahrend der perkutanen Tracheotomie.- 4.1.2 Vorbereitung des Patienten und benoetigte Materialien.- 4.1.3 Personelle Voraussetzungen.- 4.1.4 Anatomische Landmarken.- 4.2 Allgemeine Komplikationen wahrend perkutaner Tracheotomie.- 4.3 Gegenwartige Techniken der perkutanen Tracheotomie und ihre speziellen Komplikationen.- 4.3.1 Perkutane Dilatationstracheotomie (PDT).- 4.3.2 Guide Wire Dilating Forceps (GWDF).- 4.3.3 Translaryngeale Tracheotomie (TLT).- 4.3.4 Ciaglia Blue Rhino (CBR).- 4.4 Besonderheiten des Trachealkanulenwechsels nach perkutaner Tracheotomie.- 4.5 Spatkomplikationen der Tracheotomie.- Literatur.- 5 Respiratorische Insuffizienz, Gerinnungsstoerungen und andere typische Probleme in der Intensivmedizin - Tracheotomie bei wem und wie?.- 5.1 Respiratorische Insuffizienz.- 5.1.1 Konventionell-offene Tracheotomie.- 5.1.2 Perkutane Techniken.- 5.2 Gerinnung.- 5.3 Schwierige anatomische Verhaltnisse.- Literatur.- 6 Die Tracheotomie aus Sicht der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde.- 6.1 Tracheotomie in der Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie.- 6.2 Tracheotomie in der Intensivmedizin.- 6.3 Technik.- 6.4 Kontraindikationen der trachealen Punktionstechniken.- 6.5 Koniotomie.- 6.6 Stomaverschluss.- 6.7 Komplikationen der Tracheotomie.- 6.8 Postoperative Komplikationen.- Literatur.- 7 Die Tracheotomie in der pneumologisch-internistischen Intensivmedizin.- 7.1 Neue Techniken.- 7.2 Indikationen zur Tracheotomie.- 7.2.1 Schutz der Atemwege vor Komplikationen der Langzeitintubation?.- 7.2.2 Tracheotomie nach translaryngealer Intubation?.- 7.2.3 Zeitpunkt der Tracheotomie.- 7.2.4 Logistik der Tracheotomie.- 7.3 Tracheotomie und nicht-invasive Beatmung.- 7.4 Management von Trachealstenosen nach Tracheotomie oder translaryngealer Langzeitintubation.- 7.5 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 8 Die Tracheostomie heute - aus der Sicht der Chirurgie.- 8.1 Moderne Methoden.- 8.2 Indikationen und Kontraindikationen.- 8.3 Aktueller Stand und Ausblick.- Literatur.- 9 Stellenwert der Tracheotomie aus der Sicht der Kinderheilkunde.- Literatur.- 10 Die Tracheotomie in der Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie.- 10.1 Tumorchirurgie.- 10.2 Kongenitale Anomalien.- 10.3 Gesichtstraumatologie.- 10.4 Dentogene Entzundungen.- 10.5 Operative Aspekte.- 10.6 Aspekte der stationaren Nachsorge.- 10.7 Schlussbemerkung.- Literatur.- 11 Nottracheotomie, Notkoniotomie und Notfalle bei Tracheostomatragern.- 11.1 Tracheotomie bei respiratorischen Notfallen.- 11.2 Die notfallmassige Koniotomie.- 11.2.1 Nu-Trake Krikotomie Set.- 11.2.2 Melker Notfall-Krikothyrotomie-Katheterset.- 11.3 Der Trachealkanulentrager als Notfallpatient.- Literatur.

Mayo Clinic Critical Care Case Review is a unique compellation of cases presented at the highly rated Mayo Clinic Clinical Pathological Case (CPC) Conference. Designed to cover rare cases in a short amount of time, these reviews are set up in what is called the "unknown" format: highlighting the clinically key elements of the patient's hospital course, singling out the diagnostic dilemmas, and concludes with a question and answer format that allows clinicians to take home relative points for clinical practice. Written by practicing intensivists and critical care fellows for practicing intensivists and critical care fellows, this book combines interesting reading experiences with critical care medicine review. Each chapter ends with questions and answers that provide a board style review for the readers. Each case begins on the left-hand page with the discussion on the right, written succinctly to provide quick diagnostic understanding. While most critical care review books focus solely on an organ-system format, Mayo Clinic Critical Care Case Review captures the spirit of the CPC Conference in its text and illustrations.

Returning for its fifth edition, the Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia has been re-energized by new editors and a specialist contributor team, while still retaining its much-loved, clear and concise style. Written for anaesthetists at all stages of their careers, from trainees sitting exams through to experienced consultants as well as ODPs and nurses involved in theatre area work and pre-assessment, this comprehensive guide to the anaesthetic world is as indispensable as ever. This new edition has been completely revised and brings you the most up-to-date guidance and information to keep pace with fast-moving areas of anaesthesia, including a completely revised regional anaesthesia chapter. Now in full colour and packed with enhanced illustrations throughout, including new ECG rhythm strips and illustrations of specialist equipment, the Handbook also includes colour coding for easier navigation. Designed for daily use, this Handbook is your essential companion to anaesthesia, with everything you need at your fingertips whether on the go or for revision.

Linking existing knowledge to new knowledge by presenting it in the form of a case or a problem is a popular and effective educational approach resulting in better retention of the knowledge and improved ability to apply that knowledge to solve real problems. This problem-based learning (PBL) method was introduced into medical education at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, in 1969. Since then it has been widely incorporated into secondary, undergraduate, and graduate education in a variety of disciplines worldwide. This new volume for the Anesthesiology Problem-Based Learning series reviews pediatric anesthesia utilizing the PBL approach. Each chapter deals with conditions and problems in pediatric anesthesia practice presented as a case stem with questions to encourage critical thinking, followed by an evidence-based discussion and multiple-choice questions for self-assessment. Cases were carefully selected to present a broad systems-based tour of commonly encountered clinical cases in pediatric anesthesia. The book can be used to review an upcoming clinical case or as a PBL tool. The 'Stem Case and Key Questions' and 'Discussion' sections can serve as the basis for interactive learning experiences for study groups or as a broad yet in-depth clinical review of the subspecialty for the individual learner. Self-assessment questions can be used as a measure of knowledge acquisition or simply as a question bank to prepare for examinations.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is the standard of care for management of critically ill patients with acute renal failure. Part of the Pittsburgh Critical Care series, Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy provides concise, evidence-based, bedside guidance about this treatment modality, offering quick reference answers to clinicians' questions about treatments and situations encountered in daily practice. Organized into sections on theory, practice, special situations, and organizational issues, this volume provides a complete view of CRRT theory and practice. Tables summarize and highlight key points, and key studies and trials are included in each chapter. The second edition has been updated to include a new chapter on the use of biomarkers to aid in patient selection and timing, extensive revisions on terminology and nomenclature to match current standards, and the most up-to-date information on newly developed CRRT machines.