In the past, many tropical and parasitic infections were confined to tropical areas of the world located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. However, with the increase in air travel and tourism and the changing patterns of immigration, an increasing number of individuals are coming into contact with these infectious agents and transmission across the world has been enhanced. Tropical and Parasitic Infections in the Intensive Care Unit provides an international perspective on this topic and an overview of those infections that may cause critical illness.

This is a no-nonsense guide to drug treatment in the intensive care unit. It covers the most commonly encountered conditions and is organized by system. Management of each condition is tersely outlined step-by-step in table format. The book also includes non-drug information that is essential to making informed, evidence-based pharmacotherapy decisions, such as risk scores, scales, and assessment tools. The Second Edition has been revised to reflect the latest critical care practice guidelines and up-to-date drug and non-drug information.

This comprehensive third edition provides robust support to clinicians providing perioperative care for patients. Patients with a range of medical conditions undergo surgeries of varying levels of risk, and the evolving field of consult medicine aims to address their needs, whether pre- or post-surgery. This book offers evidence and experience-based information, advice, and guidelines on all aspects of perioperative medicine. Care around surgeries in many major clinical areas are included, including cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, endocrinology, and so on. This new edition has been updated throughout with the latest literature, more visual content (tables and algorithms), and eleven new chapters on topics such as: chronic pain, congestive heart failure, hormone therapy and transgender patients, and postoperative hypoxemia. This new edition focuses on high value care in order to improve outcomes, including minimizing complications and readmissions. It also provides streamlined key points for caring for patients with medical diagnoses that may be especially complicated around surgery. This resource is invaluable for practicing physicians (including medical consultants, surgeons, and anesthesiologists) and other professionals who aim to optimize care of surgical patients.

Die Ultraschalldiagnostik erobert die Notfallmedizin. Die Notfallsonographie ist mittlerweile fester Bestandteil der Untersuchung eines Patienten in einer Akutsituation. Die Sonographie wird dabei nicht nur innerhalb eines Krankenhauses durchgeführt, z.B. auf Intensivstationen und in Notaufnahmen, sondern zunehmend auch in Form kleiner tragbarer Geräte direkt am Ort des Notfallgeschehens. Potenziell lebensbedrohliche Krankheitsbilder lassen sich mit dem Ultraschall schneller und sicherer diagnostizieren, und damit notfallmedizinische Entscheidungen und Maßnahmen noch frühzeitiger treffen. Über 350 Abbildungen zeigen wie man typische Notfallbefunde mit dem Ultraschall erkennt: • Anatomie und Sonomorphologie aller Organe • Untersuchungsablauf und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten • Die häufigsten Notfallbefunde und deren Differenzialdiagnosen • Informationen zum weiteren diagnostischen und therapeutischen Vorgehen. Die Inhalte des Buches orientieren sich an der 3-Länder-übergreifenden Basisausbildung und dem Curriculum Notfallsonographie von DEGUM, ÖGUM und SGUM. Ebenso sind die Inhalte der Konzepte, wie e-FAST und FEEL integriert. Ein praxisorientiertes und interdisziplinäres Buch - richtet sich an alle Ärzte, die Ultraschall zur Diagnostik unklarer und akuter Befunde einsetzen möchten.

Advances in respiratory care over the past years have made a significant impact on the health and well-being of infants, children, and their families. Designed to be the primary text for the 'Neonatal and Pediatric' course as part of the respiratory care core curriculum, Foundations in Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care provides students and practitioners alike with a comprehensive yet reader-friendly resource. In this second edition, the authors recognize the importance of sharing the essential elements of care that are unique to children as they grow and develop and provide the clinician with the knowledge needed to effectively communicate recommendations for therapeutic intervention or changes to the plan of care. This text has contributions in each chapter by national experts who are actively practicing in their subject areas, providing the most relevant evidence-based material and content that has a significant and practical application to current practice. Every new print copy includes Navigate Premier Access that unlocks an interactive eBook, the Heart & Lungs Module, an Equipment Simulator, Anatomy & Physiology Module, additional case studies, test prep, and additional flashcards.

This book is an up-to-date guide to the most widely debated practical and management issues in anesthesia and intensive care. It provides validated information on the state of the art regarding a wide range of topics, including choice of imaging techniques in the management of ARDS patients, the value and limits of continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care, the prevention and treatment of postoperative shivering, the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative paralytic ileus, ways to prevent acute lung injury, the prevention of perioperative myocardial ischemia, and the management of invasive candidiasis in intensive care. All subjects are addressed in a lively and straightforward manner by recognized experts in the field. Anesthetists and intensivists, including trainees, will find Practical Issues in Anesthesia and Intensive Care 2013 to be an ideal source of rapidly retrievable practical information ."

Innovation, training and research are the pillars that support a process deriving from basic science and multi-professional/multidisciplinary interventions. The APICE 2012 yearbook deals with several innovations for optimising prevention and management measures for the critically ill, by integrating diagnostic procedures with pharmacological and technological options. Peri- and postoperative managements as well as treatment of surgical infections and of pain, new and old artificial ventilation strategies are some of the most relevant topics the volume deal with in this new edition. The volume focuses also on the improvement standards and quality of care; on the expanding concept of clinical governance and professionalism and on the importance of ethical principles for establishing a process of patient-centered and evidence-based care.

If you are an obstetrician whose patient has been admitted to ICU, you need to know how she is managed there. If you are an intensivist, you need to adapt to changes in physiology, alter techniques for the pregnant patient and keep the fetus from harm. This book addresses the challenges of managing critically ill obstetric patients by providing a truly multidisciplinary perspective. Almost every chapter is co-authored by both an intensivist/anesthesiologist and an obstetrician/maternal-fetal medicine expert to ensure that the clinical guidance reflects best practice in both specialties. Topics range from the purely medical to the organizational and the sociocultural, and each chapter is enhanced with color images, tables and algorithms. Written and edited by leading experts in anesthesiology, critical care medicine, maternal-fetal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology, this is an important resource for anyone who deals with critically ill pregnant or postpartum patients.

This is a book for clinician educators. It offers modern, evidence-based practices to use in teaching learners at a range of levels, with an emphasis on concrete strategies that teachers can implement in their own clinical practices as well as in small and large group settings. Medical education is rapidly changing with emerging evidence on best practices and a proliferation of new technologies. As strategies for effectively teaching medical learners evolve, it is important to understand the implications for Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine (PCCM). This text is structured to allow easy access to the reader. Chapters are organized around level of learner (e.g., medical student to PCCM fellow to practicing physicians) as well as the location of teaching. Given the variety of clinical settings in which PCCM physicians teach, specific consideration of best practices, broad changes in curricular design and pedagogy are considered in different clinical contexts. Each chapter begins with a focus on why the topic is important for clinician educators. A review of the available evidence and relevant medical education theory about the topic follows, with examples from specific studies that provide insight into best practices regarding the concepts and topics discussed in the chapter. For chapters focusing on learners, different environments are considered and similarly, if the focus is on the learning environment, attention is paid to the approach to different learners. Each chapter ends with a summary of the primary points from the chapter and concrete examples of how clinician teachers can put the concepts discussed in the chapter into practice. This is an ideal guide for educators in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine.

This pocket guide is a single-volume source of the most common and important formulas and laboratory values used in the daily practice of acute care and critical care medicine. Information is presented in outline format and as tables, graphics, and algorithms to facilitate quick look up. Acute and Critical Care Formulas and Laboratory Values is designed to help clinicians to interpret clinical data, to apply formulas, and to understand laboratory values, and to integrate this information with their knowledge of pathophysiology to promote the delivery of evidence-based care. * Essential formulas and laboratory values * Multiple ways to derive a value, where appropriate * Non-clinical formulas useful for understanding physiologic concepts or that underlie diagnostic tests or clinical measurement included * Chapters divided by organ system * Practical appendixes of "Abbreviations" and "Key Telephone Numbers" * A special "Notes" section for recording frequently used formulas

This textbook is written at the dawn of a new era in the management of sepsis. Recent achievements in the clinical management of septic shock are the culmination of decades of basic and applied research by innovative researchers and clinical investigators worldwide. The contributing authors to this book have spearheaded much of this research and the Editors have endeavored to create a textbook that is comprehensive in nature while maintaining a specific focus upon the multitude of work that constitutes the spectrum of sepsis research including: pathophysiology; monitoring systems; general support; microbial aspects; complications; and anti-sepsis therapies.

Analysis of blood gas can be a daunting task. However, it is still one of the most useful laboratory tests in managing respiratory and metabolic disorders. Busy medical students have struggled ineffectively with Hasselbach's modification of the Henderson equation, been torn between the Copenhagen and the Boston schools of thought; and lately, been confronted with the radically different strong-ion approach. In modern medical practice, the health provider's time is precious: it is crucial to retain focus on those aspects of clinical medicine that are of key importance. Adoption of an algorithm-based approach in the study of topics that are hard to understand (particularly those that are rooted in clinical physiology) can be extremely advantageous. Handbook of Blood Gas/Acid-Base Interpretation, 2nd edition, is organized in a logical sequence of flow charts that introduce concepts and gradually build upon them. This approach facilitates understanding and retention of the subject matter. Medical students, residents, nurses, and practitioners of respiratory and intensive care will find it possible to quickly grasp the principles underlying respiratory and acid-base physiology, and apply them effectively in clinical decision making.

XIII List of contributors A. Experimental studies A simple mathematical model of High Frequency Ventilation. 1 A. Versprille. Development and clinical application of High Frequency Ventilation. 12 U.H. Sjostrand- L. Bunegin, R.B. Smith, ~i.F. Babinski. Convective diffusion in oscillatory flow as a gas transport 39 mechanism during High Frequency Ventilation. H.J. van Ouwerkerk, P. Gieles, J.M. Bogaard. Pressure flow pattern and gas transport using various types of 51 High Frequency Ventilation. M. Baum, H. Benzer, W. Goldschmied, N. Mutz. A review of experimental and theoretical studies of High Frequency 59 Ventilation. A.S. Slutsky, R.D. Kamm, J.M. Drazen. Effects of High Frequency Jet Ventilation design and operational 71 variables upon arterial blood gas tensions. J.M. Calkins, C.K. Waterson, S.F. Quan, H.W. Militzer, Th.J. Conahan, C.W. Otto, S.R. Hameroff. Airway pressure as a determining factor for ventilation and 81 haemodynamic efficiency during HFJV. M. Jimenez Lendinez, J.A. Cambronero, J. Lopez, B. Galvan, A. Garcia, R. Denia, A. Aguado. B. Experimental studies and mechanics High Frequency Ventilation: an experimental comparison of HFPPV 87 and HFJV. U.H. Sjostrand, M.F. Babinski, U.R. Borg, R.B. Smith. VI 92 Alveolar pressures during High Frequency Ventilation. P.R. Fletcher. Carbon dioxide clearance during High Frequency Jet Ventilation 93 (HFJV) . J.L. Bourgain, A.J. Mortimer, M.K. Sykes. 105 Hemodynamic effects of High Frequency Ventilation. F.R. Gioia, A.P. Harris, R.J. Traystman, M.C. Rogers.

Critical care happens where it is needed, not just in the ICU. Patients with acute critical illness are often cared for initially in the ED, and the beginning actions can help alter outcomes hours, day and months later. This handbook targets selected common or high risk critical condition or therapies needed to optimize ED care, using the newest research and experiences from respected authors. Chapters are organized in a readable and user-friendly format, and each describes the topic, defines key terms, notes cutting edge and controversial aspects, and delivers pragmatic advice. Our goal is not to discuss every pathology and care option, but to focus on the key thoughts and actions that can drive care and improve the health of those I need.

J.F. Crul The topic Legal Aspects of Anaesthesia is still rarely treated in book publications, but deserves increasing attention as more cases of litigation occur each year and anaesthetists also become more aware of the legal structure within which they practice their profession. I am happy to have been able to obtain the cooperation of experts in this field from various European countries. The contributing authors in this book come from both the anaesthesia and surgery side as well as from the jurisprudential background. As these two fields have their own professional jargon we have been very careful in using definitions, avoiding that a specific term might lead to misunderstanding and confusion. The international authorship did not facilitate this task. The subject of this book was also the topic of a meeting of the European Academy of Anaesthesiology held at the French Study Center, La Suquette, Saint Vincent Ie Palue~ held three years before publication of this book. The organizers G. Barrier, J.F. Crul, and J. Lassner felt the need for a book publication presenting the state of the art of anaesthesia and the law in European countries. With the present book this plan has been realized. During the meeting many subjects were thoroughly discussed and the editor considered a number of them as very informative and therefore these were included in this book.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of current standards of anesthesia and intensive care in neonates and children, with a view to promoting standardization in clinical practice.

The first part of the book, devoted to issues in intensive care, opens by considering scoring systems for the assessment of sick children. The diagnosis, prevention, and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia are then discussed, and the roles of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and noninvasive respiratory support are reviewed. Further chapters address procedural sedation and analgesia in children, the progress toward open ICUs with liberal visiting policies, and advances in long-term home mechanical ventilation.

In the second part of the book, a range of important topics in anesthesia and perioperative medicine are discussed. After a review of safety issues, current trends in pediatric regional and locoregional anesthesia are described and a synopsis is provided on current knowledge regarding the use of central blocks in infants and children. Subsequent chapters are devoted to awareness monitoring, single-lung ventilation techniques, anesthesia in the context of severe prematurity, and emergence delirium.

"Pediatric Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain: Standardization in Clinical Practice" will be an extremely useful source of information for both novices and more experienced practitioners in the field."

This volume explores how the scarce resources of intensive care units should be distributed. Three hypothetical patients, each with a different chance of survival, desire intensive care. A multinational panel of experienced critical care physicians offers assessments of the patients' conditions and outlines approaches to treatment. These approaches are then examined by academic medical experts and a medical ethicist, as well as from a legal perspective. The result is a well-rounded and introspective look at care for critically ill patients at or near the end of life.

Essentials of Palliative Care is a to-the-point, clinically oriented resource for all members of the multidisciplinary palliative care team and trainees. It covers practical clinical topics, including assessment of the patient and pain and symptom management, and practical non-medical topics central to providing effective palliative care, including psychological management, guidance on how to help patients and their families through the many healthcare decision points they face, and sensitivity to the goals and culture of the patient. Review questions, with detailed answers, provide a convenient way for readers to test their knowledge.

Features:

. Concise, comprehensive, clinically focused

. Multiple choice review questions, with detailed answers

. Expert contributors from leading institutions

. Coordination of care by palliative care team a major focus

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Brain Injury is the second volume in the book series, Molecular and Cellular Biology of Critical Care Medicine. In this volume, a group of internationally regarded experts in important areas of neuroscience and neurointensive care research address the molecular and cellular basis of acute brain injury. This text covers acute brain injury within a context relevant to the care of patients with critical neurologic injuries such as cardiac arrest, trauma and stroke. It includes recent data pertaining to established pathways such as neurotransmission, exitotoxicity, ionic-mechanisms, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cerebral vascular injury. In addition, rapidly developing areas such as cell signaling, adenosine pharmacology, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurocytoskeletal changes, and the role of trophic factors are reviewed from the level of in vitro modeling to human data. Other topics covered that are highly clinically relevant include the effect of genetic background and gender differences in outcome after brain injury, preconditioning, and the effects of currently used anesthetics and sedative agents in patients with brain injury.

Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia is a book in which chapters are authored and the same topics discussed by North American and European experts. This approach provides a unique opportunity to view the different perspectives and points of view on this subject. Severe CAP is a common clinical problem encountered in the ICU setting. This book reviews topics concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of SCAP. The discussions on the role of alcohol in severe CAP and adjunctive therapies are important topics that further our understanding of this severe respiratory infection.

Heart transplantation remains one of the major scientific achievements of twentieth century medicine. During the past four decades, it has evolved from an unproven experimental surgical technique to the most effective form of therapy for refractory end-stage heart disease. It has captured the public's imagination and expanded our understanding of fundamental immunologic mechanisms that are responsible for cellular and humorally-mediated immunity. Despite its successes, many clinical and scientific problems remain. One or more bouts of acute cellular or humoral (vascular) rejection will occur in over 75% of transplant recipients despite current immunosuppressive strategies. Further, rejection directly results in approximately 20% of post-transplant deaths and is believed to play a major role in the development of late allograft dysfunction and coronary vasculopathy. This book by international experts in the fields of transplantation medicine, immunobiology and cardiac imaging provides the reader with an up-to-date, consise summary of the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of acute cardiac rejection. It is axiomatic that a more complete understanding of the pathogenic processes involved in rejection will ultimately lead to its prevention. This volume will be useful to transplant cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, cardiac pathologists and transplant scientists who seek to prolong the lifespan and improve the quality of life of their transplant recipients.

The provision of optimal dialysis therapy to children requires a thorough understanding of the multi-disciplinary manner in which the pediatric patient is affected by renal insufficiency. Knowledge of the technical aspects of peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy must be complemented by attention to issues such as anemia, renal osteodystrophy, hypertension, growth, cognitive development, nutrition, nursing care and the psychosocial adaptation of the child and family to chronic disease. The inaugural edition of Pediatric Dialysis provides a comprehensive review of these and other related topics with a singular emphasis on the unique aspects of their application to children. With authoritative, clinically relevant, well-referenced chapters written by a host of recognized international experts who emphasize key aspects of contemporary management, Pediatric Dialysis has been designed to serve as a primary resource to all clinicians involved in the care of the pediatric dialysis patient.

The administration of intravenous fluids is one of the most common and important therapeutic practices in the treatment of surgical, medical and critically ill patients. The international literature accordingly contains a vast number of works on fluid management, yet there is still confusion as to the best options in the various situations encountered in clinical practice. The purpose of this volume is to help the decision-making process by comparing different solution properties describing their indications, mechanisms of action and side-effects according to physiologic body water distribution, electrolytic and acid-base balance, and to clarify which products available on the market represent the best choice in different circumstances. The book opens by discussing in detail the concepts central to a sound understanding of abnormalities in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and the effect of intravenous fluid administration. In the second part of the monograph, these concepts are used to explain the advantages and disadvantages of solutions available on the market in different clinical settings. Body Fluid Management: From Physiology to Therapy will serve as an invaluable decision-making guide, including for those who are not experts in the subject.

The end of the second millenium is distinguished for the increasing interest in the field of critical care medicine, not only among physicians and clinical scientists but also on the part of the mass media. This is an interdisciplinary area of medicine drawing upon the specialties of anesthesiology, internal medicine and surgery, and relying upon the essential contributions and support from basic research. Advances in critical care medicine depend on the application of new technologies to the clinic, the full integration of computers and informatics, the continual training of physicians and technicians, and the consideration of ethical issues in the clinical setting. Within this complex panorama of complementary approaches and viewpoints, it is apparent that critical care medicine is one of the best examples of evidence-based medicine.

Hyperbaric oxygen application has now become a useful technique for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in CNS, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as in soft-tissue and orthopaedic pathologies and haematologic disorders. With a specific didactic approach, supported by numerous illustrations and tables, this volume aims to present all aspects of oxygen application under pressure not only to resolve some clinical problems, but also to improve recovery or to modify a negative illness evolution. Both scientists and practitioners will find this work a useful and updated reference book.