This study sought to establish how teachers of English use drama techniques to teach. It aimed to establish how effective language teaching could be achieved through use of drama techniques that enhance authentic language use through learners'active participation. The study addressed the missing link between teachers methodology, choice of content and learners participation that justified the need to use classroom drama with shortcomings in the latest publications of English course-textbooks in mind. The study revealed that use of drama techniques was limited because teachers selected approaches that would enable them to easily complete the syllabus. In addition, drama techniques use was challenged by inadequate time allocated for teaching of English and the teachers unpreparedness to use it because of the tasks involved in preparation for such lesson. The study recommended that lessons be preceded with drama, or activities that stimulate learners. There was need to select a method that would ensure that learning was student-centered rather than teacher-centered. The findings would be useful for teachers and course designers for the improvement of quality of teaching and learning.

Colonialism is the conquest and control of other people's land and lives. Not limited to the incursion of various European powers into Asia, Africa or the Americas alone, it is a continuous, widespread feature of human history. Leela Gandhi remarks: "Colonialism marks the historical process whereby the West attempts systematically to cancel or negate the cultural difference and value of the 'non-west'." India was one of the "productive colonies" for the West, and its natives mere "human material." The Orient was treated as "alien and unusual," civilizationally inferior, weak and suitable for colonisation, says Said. It was "a playground for Western desires, repressions, investments, projections" and that it was Europe's "richest colonies" and one of its "recurring images of the Other." Asif Currimbhoy, the authentic voice in Indian English theatre deals with various notions of postcolonialism in all his plays, written during India's post-independence period, with their focus on the cultural, social and political dimensions. Contemporary postcolonial discourses put capitalism culpable when it depends on racial hierarchies, self-other distinction, and all sorts of oppression.

Hypertextuality provides a comprehensive system of analyzing any relationship between literary texts. It is a generic architext which encompasses certain genres such as pastiche, parody, and travesty. The main concern of this book is parody. It aims to show how a twentieth-century literary work like Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea can be related to and a parody of Charlotte Bronte's nineteenth-century novel Jane Eyre. The book considers the generic study of both novels focusing on the concept of bildungsroman and analysis of the dream texts, and also character analysis of Rochester. Concequently, the research shows how some elements in Jane Eyre are developed into parodic elements in Wide Sargasso Sea.This book sheds more light on the post-modern concept of Hypertextuality to help the reader comprehend it better.

Harold Pinter, a Nobel laureate in literature in 2005 was some what different in the melee of the well known dramatists of the contemporary period, his characters move around like real characters, feel pain, anguish and anger as we do in our day to day life. These characters are victims of either traditions or systems or psychological, maladies. They Endeavour hard to look for an identity in the society, but the system of the society is bent upon hunting them out. They are either lost in the wilderness of the concert world or vanish abruptly. The nebulous world turns to them nefarious, detrimental and victim, while reaching their identities. Their incomprehensible self annihilation and destruction is marked with passivity and ambiguity. It is an attempt by the dramatist to depict the conflict of the generations, or a class of the society. Because as a modern dramatist Pinter does not allow the audience to make up its mind so easily and keeps the audience in a constant state of tension by bringing its mind into a dialectical opposition to its feelings. They are perpetually betrayed in their search as once they heave a sigh of relief the another problem crops up before them.

The use of L1 in Teaching English as a Second Language contexts is a ubiquitous but haphazard pedagogical practice in Sri Lanka. This thesis examines whether the use of L1 (Sinhala) could be validated across high, intermediate, and low learner proficiency levels in English. Sociolinguistically, the complex ontological and epistemological milieu of ESL in Sri Lanka granted this thesis an entree for scrutinizing the evolution of resistance to English in the undergraduate participants. The findings of pilot studies validated the expulsion of high proficiency learners from the procedures of L1 integration. Conversely a significant % mean increase across the intermediate and the low proficiency learners was revealed under the Sinhala Gloss (SG) condition. The mean comparison for both populations was equal and low for No Gloss (NG) and English Gloss (EG) conditions resulting in the gloss condition performance indicator NG = EG > SG. Scaffolding these findings to pedagogy, the study confines integrating L1 to skill development in lexical comprehension mechanisms in low and intermediate proficiency learners and discusses developing L2 inferring skills in the high proficiency learners."

Need help finding the perfect poem for a holiday celebration or a science unit? A funny riddle poem or a bilingual poetry book? Here is a comprehensive resource for teachers, librarians, and parents packed with poetry bibliographies and research-based strategies for selecting and sharing poetry with young people (ages 0-18). The Poetry Teacher's Book of Lists contains 155 different lists featuring 1500 poetry books for children and teens-in a variety of categories including poetry awards, seasonal poetry, poetry across the curriculum, multicultural poetry, the poetry-friendly environment, poetry performance, guiding discussion, and teaching poetry writing. You'll find recommended lists of poetry books tied to calendar events throughout the year, poetry that targets the needs of students acquiring English as a new language, poetry to help children through worries, adjustments or difficult times, 20 lists of poetry to support the study of science, social studies, and language arts, lists organized by different poetic forms, question prompts to guide meaningful discussions, preparation and presentation pointers, display ideas, poetry quotes, lesson plan tips, poet birthdays, and a poetry scavenger hunt and treasure hunt for kids-all tools to help jumpstart a poetry program and keep it energized and fresh all year long. Poet Helen Frost says, "The Poetry Teacher's Book of Lists offers a mountaintop view of poetry for children and teens. Sylvia Vardell has been paying close attention to poetry for a long time, and here she compiles her vast knowledge and offers it in such a way that we can see how much is out there without feeling overwhelmed. The classics are here, along with the contemporary; beautiful language, careful craft, poignant, humorous, informative--whatever you are looking for, in your teaching or other explorations, this book will help you find it." Master poet and anthologist Lee Bennett Hopkins says, "The Poetry Teacher's Book of Lists is an incredible journey through the past, present, and future of poetry... this book is a treasure... one to refer to over and over... for years to come." From Children's Poet Laureate J. Patrick Lewis, "The Poetry Teacher's Book of Lists is sumptuous and exhaustive... a brilliant concept." Teacher Paul Hankins says, "The Poetry Teacher's Book of Lists is so comprehensive in its offerings that it includes a new book I just finished last week within its listings." Poet Pat Mora says, "Author, poetry lover, and list-maker, Dr. Sylvia Vardell has given us yet another fine resource for weaving poetry through the curriculum. Poetry needs champions, and Vardell is a steady and creative one."

This book contains a variety of letters aimed at partners/courting couples or those in the process of developing a relationship with the opposite sex; covering several aspects of correspondence between a romantically involved man and woman.
This book also covers formal letter writing for scholars. With this book a reliable system of letter writing is gained by young student of English Language.
What makes the book a necessity for the school boys and girls is the collection of specimen letters for different occasions.
This collection of specimen letters enables the scholars to gain a thorough mastery of the art of Letter Writing.
As a school boy/girl, you must have been taught by your teacher all the above points. The object of this book is to give specimen letters to enable you to draft your own in simple, plain and correct English.
Finally the book includes several examples of diplomatic correspondence, detailing official procedures in communicating between the sending State and the receiving State (host nation) and within embassies. Higher level formal letter writing skills can be gained from these examples, and can then be transferred to other high-ranking official formal correspondence.
Also included as extras, are a few samples of reference letters as a guide for those who may wonder how to formulate them.

Through her writings, the Melbourne-based author aims to draw a clear picture of what it means to be a woman nowadays and what kind of difficulties one has to go through. All of her female heroines are struggling with the same kinds of issues: 'How do they define themselves professionally?', 'How do they cope with the complexities of their emotional life?', 'How do they find room for a professional life and a personal life?', 'How do they deal with long-term relationships?' Love Child, Honour, Bombshells and The Female of the Species aptly express Joanna Murray-Smith's aim to portray the problems and issues of contemporary female society. Their themes centre on female identity, generational conflicts and the delicate, but unique universal bond that ties a mother to her daughter. The book tries to provide answers to some key issues of major importance: 'What is the effect of motherhood and / or career on the gender identity of women in Joanna Murray-Smith's plays?' and 'How does having children change the way women in the four plays think about themselves?'

You may take for granted that you can read these words. But many people cannot, and that's what this book is about. Tens of millions of Americans today lack the skills to complete a job application, read a recipe, find their way on a street map, calculate a restaurant bill or follow a favorite passage of scripture. Throughout history, people have shared personal experiences through stories. This is a book of 30 such stories from the front lines of the literacy movement in Alabama. In their own words, these people recount in very personal terms their motivations and dreams along the spectrum of learning and teaching. All profits from the sale of this book are donated to the Literacy Council of West Alabama and the Literacy Council in Birmingham.

This book collects the research on literacy, information regarding the importance of reading to children, sources of funding, and places to find information about literacy programs in the 50 states-all in a single volume. Family literacy programs can be remarkably effective in helping families who struggle in various areas of literacy or supporting their children's academic needs.Crash Course in Family Literacy Programs provides an introduction and an overview of this critical subject, defining what literacy, family literacy, and family literacy events are, and covering critical topics such as sources of funding, conclusions of recent research, and bilingual family literacy. The first half of the book is focused on laying out background information about family literacy, while the remainder provides practical how-to information for public and school libraries to develop their own family literacy programming. The book shows perspectives of public librarians, school principals, children's book store owners, and school personnel who have successfully implemented a family literacy program. Planning sheets and lesson templates are included, making it easy to develop a family literacy program.

Previous grammars of Cebuano have generally described the language in formal terms without much attention paid on actual usage. To fill this gap, this functional reference grammar of Cebuano based on the actual spoken language departs from the traditional emphasis on phonological, morphological, and phrasal description employed in most previous and even in recent reference grammars and conducts analyses at the clausal and discourse levels to better reflect the forms and functions of the language in actual use. It also describes recent research findings on Cebuano grammar, especially repair organization and grammatical constituency, transitivity, reference tracking, and particles and discourse marking, as these constitute a very important part of the grammar of Cebuano. This reference grammar is useful to linguists, as well as to native speakers and students of Cebuano alike. For linguists, the rich data provide material for linguistic comparisons. For native speakers, this reference provides another perspective for appreciating their mother tongue. For students, the examples and explanations provide the situations and contexts for proper use of the language.

This study introduces an attempt to scrutinize the interrelationship between language and thought; in particular, how language can shape, influence and direct thought, and how thought can be represented in language. Such a thorny task is achieved by approaching the 2004 U.S.A presidential debates, held between Bush and Kerry, in virtue of Grice's Cooperative Principle and maxims. The Gricean pragmatics is evidently enriching when tackling a corpus of a political nature; i.e political language is demarcated by inherent manipulation since it is originally used to affect people's minds to think in a certain way as a means of helping a politician to achieve his ultimate aim-usually gaining power and authority. Harmoniously, pragmatics in general, and the Gricean pragmatics in particular, are the most manipulative areas in the field of linguistics since they are primarily concerned with how people manage to say one thing and convey another which may be different or even contradictory. Hence, this research dwells upon the political maneuvering practiced by both candidates in order to prove that linguistics can virtually provide an efficient tool for decoding a political phenomenon.

Over the years, African American literature has become an important part of the literary tradition of the United States. With this boom of popularity it is important to move beyond binary classifications to study these works as boundaries are being challenged and rewritten. This book, therefore, provides a hybrid discussion about Toni Morrison's Sula and A Mercy focusing on the contradictory aspects of women bonds. It is suggested that such bonds are not simply determined by biological factors or limited to black women, as motherhood and sisterhood help the characters shape their own subjectivities and struggle for empowerment. However, the alteration of the ethics of care causes many of these women bonds to rupture as the characters resort to unconventional actions to survive in a racist and sexist society. Thus, this book provides an alternative vision of women bonds and the ethics of care, in which the women characters cannot be judged according to essentialist paradigms of good and bad.

A lack of "well-made" plot, fragmented characters, non-naturalistic settings, the central importance of physical action, communication on the point of breakdown - these dramatic qualities feature prominently both in the Theatre of the Absurd and English In-Yer-Face plays written in the 1990s by young authors like Sarah Kane or Jez Butterworth. How can we account for such widely distributed similarities? Focussing on the basic dramatic categories of structure, character conception, setting, the body on the stage and language/dialogue, the author isolates, from a 21st century perspective, central characteristics and stylistic devices of absurdist theatre. Providing detailed analyses featuring numerous examples, she traces the advancement and ongoing use of these devices in In-Yer-Face plays, ultimately suggesting an alternative to the problematic concept of an influence by relating both kinds of drama to the idea of an experiental theatre as outlined by Antonin Artaud. In its attempt to locate recent English plays within the context of one of the 20th century's most prominent dramatic styles, this book is of interest to anyone studying English drama from the 1950s onwards.

John Barth's Chimera re-mythologizes mythology and re-orients it into the subversive discourse of postmodernism. The subversion of mythology and language are read in this book according to Paul de Man's deconstruction. The deconstruction of Jacques Derrida has been widely practiced in academic circles, particularly through dissertations. But it seems that de Manian deconstruction has not yet been delved into as a reading practice. The major aim of this book is to divulge the practicality of Paul de Man's deconstructive reading or what he calls "rhetorical reading" in the texts of literature. Deconstruction of Chimera is accomplished via a two-step de Manian reading strategy; first, the detection of figures of speech or tropological language and the aberration of each trope, second, the exemplification of allegory of reading in each novella. As de Man proclaims, all the languages are figural, constituted of denominative and conceptual spheres. The conflict between the two is never resolved within a text and culminates int an aberrant aporia. This aporia is what causes the impossibility of reading in any text.

THE BEST OF THE INDEPENDENT RHETORIC AND COMPOSITION JOURNALS 2010 represents the result of a nationwide conversation-beginning with journal editors, but expanding to teachers, scholars and workers across the discipline of Rhetoric and Composition-to select essays that showcase the innovative and transformative work now being published in the field's independent journals. Representing both print and digital journals in the field, the essays featured here explore issues ranging from classroom practice to writing in global and digital contexts, from writing workshops to community activism. Together, the essays provide readers with a rich understanding of the present and future direction of the field. In addition to the introduction by STEVE PARKS, LINDA ADLER-KASSNER, BRIAN BAILIE, and COLLETTE CATON, the anthology features work by the following authors and representing these journals: JOHN HARBORD (Across the Disciplines), JILL MCCRACKEN (Community Literacy Journal), AMY M. PATRICK (Composition Forum), LAURIE E. GRIES and COLLIN GIFFORD BROOKE (Composition Studies), JAMES E. PORTER (Computers and Composition), AMY ROBILLARD (JAC), JANET BEAN and PETER ELBOW (Journal of Teaching Writing), VIRGINIA KUHN (Kairos), CHRISTINE TULLEY and KRISTINE BLAIR (Pedagogy), CHRISTOPHER WILKEY and BONNIE NEUMEIER (Reflections), and DAVID BARTHOLOMAE (Writing on the Edge).

In an innovative mixed-methods, action research study, Dr. Brimi explores the effect of research- based writing instruction on the intrinsic motivation of extrinsically-motivated students. Brimi's work demonstrates how ten simple principles for teaching composition can positively affect the attitudes and performance of high school students. Brimi's research utilizes survey data, focus group commentaries, and document analysis to capture the experience of students who pursue high marks in school, but who typically do not enjoy writing. After four months of instruction guided by Brimi's principles, the students find writing both relevant and enjoyable.

Hubert Selby Jr.'s fiction is often characterized by its somber and bleak depictions of tragic characters plagued by depression, social exclusion or hostile surroundings. Trying to understand Selby's work through these "darker" aspects alone, however, can result in rather limited perspectives on the texts, as there are also some more hopeful themes and aspects to be found in his work. The main goal of this work is to point out the more optimistic "other side" of Selby's work in order to contrast it with its darker half, so that a deeper understanding of his work may be revealed.

The 20th Century was witness to a rise in African American Drama as it introduced many prominent figures such as Amiri Baraka, Ed Bullins and August Wilson. However, its distinctness lies in the flourishing of a female canon led by Alice Childress and Lorainne Hansberry in mid 1900's, which is continued today in the works of many contemporary dramatists such as Adrienne Kennedy and Ntozake Shange, who have taken on the task of giving voice to the two times suppressed black woman. Among these playwrights, Ntozake Shange has been the most strikingly original one since her search for identity is integrated into her writing in terms of both content and form. While she experiments on the smallest segments of her individual and collective self, her writing transcends over rules of language as well as genre. It does not suffice to say her writing reflects a search for identity as what she experiences is a quest for authenticity...

The signs of the times are missing apostrophes.
The world needed a hero, but how would an editor with no off-switch answer the call? For Jeff Deck, the writing was literally on the wall: "NO TRESSPASSING." In that moment, his greater purpose became clear. Dark hordes of typos had descended upon civilization... and only he could wield the marker to defeat them.
Recruiting his friend Benjamin and other valiant companions, he created the Typo Eradication Advancement League (TEAL). Armed with markers, chalk, and correction fluid, they circumnavigated America, righting the glaring errors displayed in grocery stores, museums, malls, restaurants, mini-golf courses, beaches, and even a national park. Jeff and Benjamin championed the cause of clear communication, blogging about their adventures transforming "horor" into "horror," "it's" into "its," and "coconunut" into "coconut."
But at the Grand Canyon, they took one correction too far: fixing the bad grammar in a fake Native American watchtower. The government charged them with defacing federal property and summoned them to court--with a typo-ridden complaint that claimed that they had violated "criminal statues." Now the press turned these paragons of punctuation into "grammar vigilantes," airing errors about their errant errand..
The radiant dream of TEAL would not fade, though. Beneath all those misspelled words and mislaid apostrophes, Jeff and Benjamin unearthed deeper dilemmas about education, race, history, and how we communicate. Ultimately their typo-hunting journey tells a larger story not just of proper punctuation but of the power of language and literacy--and the importance of always taking a second look.

"From the Hardcover edition."

This thesis explores the continuing aesthetic, philosophical, and social influences of Romantic and Modernist poetics. I trace the influence of Romanticism and Modernism as one that allows for a medium of expression that more clearly interprets both the act of reading and writing. These artistic periods and styles mutually serve to establish and validate enlightened ways of thinking that are currently lacking in the present day. I look to the poetry, philosophy, and prophecy of artists from both eras as they fuse and diffuse demonstrating the unique points of connection and disconnection for each of the poets whose texts are analyzed. The poets included in this inquiry into modes of thought that are explored and revealed during these two periods are: Schlegel, Blake, Coleridge, Hulme, Eliot, and H.D. I use this unique, and perhaps unexpected blend, to demonstrate how it is both the likenesses and differences in each of these poets' aesthetics that render them equally reflective of enlightened thought. The idea that the individual is and remains whole, while also reaching for unity with a greater more infinite whole affects all these writers.

Why a person like Sylvia Plath, who had so much going for her, should have committed suicide is an intriguing question that might never be solved. The human mind is still a largely unexplored frontier. She was known to suffer from bi-polar problems and from the debilitating circumstances of an unsuccessful marriage. Sabina Shah has looked at some of her poems to trace the course of her mentation at different times in her short life. The age of psychoanalysis might be over, but that does not mean that all of its insights should be abandoned. Ms Shah suggests possibilities in the development of a suicidal mind-path leading to the moment of decision when Plath finally gassed herself. This work would best be read by people with some background in the works of Freud and Jung. However, it is not a treatise on psychoanalysis. It is an attempt to apply some of the tools developed by the great psychoanalysts to a great poet's writings in the hope of understanding things better. Ms Shah is acutely aware that a lot has been left unsaid, so she has confined her vision to just one small area of Sylvia Plath's poetic output.