This book explains the group representation theory for quantum theory in the language of quantum theory. As is well known, group representation theory is very strong tool for quantum theory, in particular, angular momentum, hydrogen-type Hamiltonian, spin-orbit interaction, quark model, quantum optics, and quantum information processing including quantum error correction. To describe a big picture of application of representation theory to quantum theory, the book needs to contain the following six topics, permutation group, SU(2) and SU(d), Heisenberg representation, squeezing operation, Discrete Heisenberg representation, and the relation with Fourier transform from a unified viewpoint by including projective representation. Unfortunately, although there are so many good mathematical books for a part of six topics, no book contains all of these topics because they are too segmentalized. Further, some of them are written in an abstract way in mathematical style and, often, the materials are too segmented. At least, the notation is not familiar to people working with quantum theory. Others are good elementary books, but do not deal with topics related to quantum theory. In particular, such elementary books do not cover projective representation, which is more important in quantum theory. On the other hand, there are several books for physicists. However, these books are too simple and lack the detailed discussion. Hence, they are not useful for advanced study even in physics. To resolve this issue, this book starts with the basic mathematics for quantum theory. Then, it introduces the basics of group representation and discusses the case of the finite groups, the symmetric group, e.g. Next, this book discusses Lie group and Lie algebra. This part starts with the basics knowledge, and proceeds to the special groups, e.g., SU(2), SU(1,1), and SU(d). After the special groups, it explains concrete applications to physical systems, e.g., angular momentum, hydrogen-type Hamiltonian, spin-orbit interaction, and quark model. Then, it proceeds to the general theory for Lie group and Lie algebra. Using this knowledge, this book explains the Bosonic system, which has the symmetries of Heisenberg group and the squeezing symmetry by SL(2,R) and Sp(2n,R). Finally, as the discrete version, this book treats the discrete Heisenberg representation which is related to quantum error correction. To enhance readers' undersnding, this book contains 54 figures, 23 tables, and 111 exercises with solutions.

This book makes powerful Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and reconfigurable technology accessible to software engineers by covering different state-of-the-art high-level synthesis approaches (e.g., OpenCL and several C-to-gates compilers). It introduces FPGA technology, its programming model, and how various applications can be implemented on FPGAs without going through low-level hardware design phases. Readers will get a realistic sense for problems that are suited for FPGAs and how to implement them from a software designer's point of view. The authors demonstrate that FPGAs and their programming model reflect the needs of stream processing problems much better than traditional CPU or GPU architectures, making them well-suited for a wide variety of systems, from embedded systems performing sensor processing to large setups for Big Data number crunching. This book serves as an invaluable tool for software designers and FPGA design engineers who are interested in high design productivity through behavioural synthesis, domain-specific compilation, and FPGA overlays. Introduces FPGA technology to software developers by giving an overview of FPGA programming models and design tools, as well as various application examples; Provides a holistic analysis of the topic and enables developers to tackle the architectural needs for Big Data processing with FPGAs; Explains the reasons for the energy efficiency and performance benefits of FPGA processing; Provides a user-oriented approach and a sense for where and how to apply FPGA technology.

This book describes novel software concepts to increase reliability under user-defined constraints. The authors' approach bridges, for the first time, the reliability gap between hardware and software. Readers will learn how to achieve increased soft error resilience on unreliable hardware, while exploiting the inherent error masking characteristics and error (stemming from soft errors, aging, and process variations) mitigations potential at different software layers.

This book-presents new methods and tools for the integration and simulation of smart devices. The design approach described in this book explicitly accounts for integration of Smart Systems components and subsystems as a specific constraint. It includes methodologies and EDA tools to enable multi-disciplinary and multi-scale modeling and design, simulation of multi-domain systems, subsystems and components at all levels of abstraction, system integration and exploration for optimization of functional and non-functional metrics. By covering theoretical and practical aspects of smart device design, this book targets people who are working and studying on hardware/software modelling, component integration and simulation under different positions (system integrators, designers, developers, researchers, teachers, students etc.). In particular, it is a good introduction to people who have interest in managing heterogeneous components in an efficient and effective way on different domains and different abstraction levels. People active in smart device development can understand both the current status of practice and future research directions. * Provides a comprehensive overview of smart systems design, focusing on design challenges and cutting-edge solutions; * Enables development of a co-simulation and co-design environment that accounts for the peculiarities of the basic subsystems and components to be integrated; * Describes development of modeling and design techniques, methods and tools that enable multi-domain simulation and optimization at various levels of abstraction and across different technological domains.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing, HUC'99, held in Karlsruhe, Germany in September 1999.The 23 revised full papers presented together with four invited keynote contributions, 26 reviewed posters, and two panel statements were carefully reviewed and selected from a large number of paper submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on handheld and wearable appliances, location-based services, smart devices and smart environments, handhelds in distributed systems, handheld and wearable CSCW, context-aware mobile applications, interacting with environment, and interacting with handhelds.

In a competitive world, research in manufacturing systems plays an important role in creating, updating and improving the technologies and management practices of the economy. This volume presents some of the most recent results in stochastic manufacturing systems. Experts from the fields of applied mathematics, engineering and management sciences review and substantially update the recent advances in the control and optimization of manufacturing systems. Recent Advances in Control and Optimization of Manufacturing Systems consists of eight chapters divided into three parts which focus on Optimal Production Planning, Scheduling and Improvability and Approximate Optimality and Robustness. This book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the fields of systems theory, control and optimization, and operation management as well as in applied probability and stochastic processes.

This is the latest edition of our classic COBOL book that has set the standard for structured design and coding since the mid-1970s. So if you want to learn how to write COBOL programs the way they're written in the best enterprise COBOL shops, this is the book for you. And when you're done learning from this book, it becomes the best reference you'll ever find for use on the job. Throughout the book, you will learn how to use COBOL on IBM mainframes because that's where 90% or more of all COBOL is running. But to work on a mainframe, you need to know more than just the COBOL language. That's why this book also shows you: how to use the ISPF editor for entering programs; how to use TSO/E and JCL to compile and test programs; how to use the AMS utility to work with VSAM files; how to use CICS for developing interactive COBOL programs; how to use DB2 for developing COBOL programs that handle database data; how to maintain legacy programs. If you want to learn COBOL for other platforms, this book will get you off to a good start because COBOL is a standard language. In fact, all of the COBOL that's presented in this book will also run on any other platform that has a COBOL compiler. Remember, though, that billions of lines of mainframe COBOL are currently in use, and those programs will keep programmers busy for many years to come.

The next generation of computer system designers will be less concerned about details of processors and memories, and more concerned about the elements of a system tailored to particular applications. These designers will have a fundamental knowledge of processors and other elements in the system, but the success of their design will depend on the skills in making system-level tradeoffs that optimize the cost, performance and other attributes to meet application requirements. This book provides a new treatment of computer system design, particularly for System-on-Chip (SOC), which addresses the issues mentioned above. It begins with a global introduction, from the high-level view to the lowest common denominator (the chip itself), then moves on to the three main building blocks of an SOC (processor, memory, and interconnect). Next is an overview of what makes SOC unique (its customization ability and the applications that drive it). The final chapter presents future challenges for system design and SOC possibilities.

Die Unified Modeling Language (UML) hat sich zur dominanten Modellierungssprache entwickelt. Als weiterer Trend ist zu beobachten, dass "agile" Methoden immer breiter eingesetzt werden. Der Band bietet eine Einfuhrung in die Entwicklungsmethodik, die UML mit Elementen agiler Methoden kombiniert. Im Tutorial wird beschrieben, wie UML eingesetzt wird. Dabei werden Klassen-, Objekt- und Sequenzdiagramme, Statecharts sowie die Object Constraint Language (OCL) anhand vieler Beispiele erlautert. Die 2. Auflage basiert auf UML 2.3 sowie der Java-Version 6.

The history of ICL is synonymous with the history of the British computer industry. The company was formed by a series of mergers in response to the increasing market dominance of the large American corporations, particularly IBM. The struggles between these two giants, and the inherent problems and implications for government-industry relations of competing with US multi-nationals are examined in detail in Martin Campbell-Kelly's wide-ranging study. Tracing the technical history of the company and the evolution of its computers from the early punch-card machines of the 1880s to the present day, the book also considers the concerns of technological change, the economics of research and development, and current product-strategy issues, making it essential reading for business students as well as computer professionals.

This book describes new, fuzzy logic-based mathematical apparatus, which enable readers to work with continuous variables, while implementing whole circuit simulations with speed, similar to gate-level simulators and accuracy, similar to circuit-level simulators. The author demonstrates newly developed principles of digital integrated circuit simulation and optimization that take into consideration various external and internal destabilizing factors, influencing the operation of digital ICs. The discussion includes factors including radiation, ambient temperature, electromagnetic fields, and climatic conditions, as well as non-ideality of interconnects and power rails.

Die Unified Modeling Language (UML) hat sich zur dominanten Modellierungssprache entwickelt, "agile" Methoden werden inzwischen bei vielen Softwareentwicklungen eingesetzt. In dem Buch wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der UML mit Elementen agiler Methoden kombiniert und deshalb fur den Einsatz in Anwendungsdomanen besonders geeignet ist. Die 2. Auflage wurde durchgehend uberarbeitet und basiert auf UML 2.3 sowie der Java-Version 6. Auf der Internetseite http: //www.se-rwth.de/mbse ist weiterfuhrendes Material bereitgestellt.

This book is concerned with techniques for formal theorem-proving, with particular reference to Cambridge LCF (Logic for Computable Functions). Cambridge LCF is a computer program for reasoning about computation. It combines the methods of mathematical logic with domain theory, the basis of the denotational approach to specifying the meaning of program statements. Cambridge LCF is based on an earlier theorem-proving system, Edinburgh LCF, which introduced a design that gives the user flexibility to use and extend the system. A goal of this book is to explain the design, which has been adopted in several other systems. The book consists of two parts. Part I outlines the mathematical preliminaries, elementary logic and domain theory, and explains them at an intuitive level, giving reference to more advanced reading; Part II provides sufficient detail to serve as a reference manual for Cambridge LCF. It will also be a useful guide for implementors of other programs based on the LCF approach.

Dieses Buch stellt die elementaren mathematischen Aspekte in der Quanteninformatik im strikten Formalismus der Mathematik dar. Dem Leser wird zunachst das erforderliche mathematische Grundwissen bereit gestellt. Mit diesem Instrumentarium werden dann die Grundsatzen der Quantenmechanik formuliert und die fur die Quanteninformatik relevanten Aspekte erlautert. Eine Vielzahl von Aufgaben, deren Loesungen im Anhang dargeboten werden, gibt dem Leser Gelegenheit sein Verstandnis zu uberprufen und zu vertiefen.

Ausgehend vom Shannon-Wiener-Zugang zur mathematischen Informationstheorie beginnt das Buch mit einer Abgrenzung der Begriffe Nachricht und Information und der axiomatischen Zuordnung einer Informationsmenge zu einer Wahrscheinlichkeit. Im zweiten Teil werden abzahlbare Wahrscheinlichkeitsraume untersucht, deren mittlere Informationsmenge zur Definition der Shannon-Entropie fuhrt; dabei werden drei klassische Anwendungen der Shannon-Entropie in der statistischen Physik, der mathematischen Statistik und der Nachrichtentechnik vorgestellt, und es wird ein erster Einblick in den Bereich Quanteninformation gegeben. Der dritte Teil behandelt die informationstheoretische Analyse dynamischer Systeme. Das Buch baut auf Bachelor-Wissen auf und legt grossen Wert auf exakte Beweisfuhrung.

Das Buch behandelt die in modernen Hochleistungsprozessoren zum Einsatz kommenden Techniken. Nach einer einfuhrenden Beschreibung von Programmiermodellen werden zunachst skalare Prozessoren, die Mikroprogrammierung und die Fliessbandverarbeitung diskutiert.

Die in operationsparallel arbeitenden Prozessoren angewandten Prinzipien kommen zur Sprache. Dabei werden die Multimedia-Einheiten (SIMD-Einheiten), Feldrechner, Vektorrechner, Signalprozessoren, VLIW-Prozessoren und Prozessoren mit kontrollflussgesteuertem Datenfluss erortert zum Teil auch unter Einbeziehung der bei diesen Verfahren bedeutsamen Ubersetzerbautechniken. Im Zusammenhang mit den ebenfalls behandelten superskalaren Prozessoren werden die gangigen Verfahren zur Operationsparallelisierung, zum Reordering von Befehlen, zur Datenflussspekulation und zur Kontrollflussspekulation beschrieben. Zum Abschluss beschaftigt sich das Buch mit Techniken zum Aufbau von im Hardware/Software-Codedesign arbeitenden Prozessoren.

Die einzelnen Kapitel sind so aufgebaut, dass zunachst die Idee eines Prinzips sowie eine Umsetzung beschrieben wird. Anschliessend werden Schwachstellen herausgearbeitet und darauf aufbauend verbesserte Umsetzungen prasentiert.

Das Buch vermittelt nicht nur die Ideen der im Prozessorbau zum Einsatz kommenden Verfahren, sondern insbesondere die fur eine Umsetzung erforderlichen Details, die vielfach bis hinab zur Registertransferschaltung fuhren. Es enthalt zahlreiche Bilder bzw. Tabellen und Beispiele. "

Nachdem die ersten Fuzzy-Regler Anfang der siebziger Jahre entwickelt und in der Praxis erprobt wurden, hat das Gebiet der Fuzzy-Regelung in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten einen gewaltigen Fortschritt erfahren. Die zugrunde liegenden mathematischen und technischen Konzepte sind umfassend analysiert worden, und mittlerweile werden Fuzzy-Regler in vielen industriellen Anwendungen routinemassig eingesetzt. Das Ziel dieses Buches ist eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme der Fuzzy-Regler aus Sicht der klassischen Regelungstechnik. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Buches liegt in der Darstellung von Themen, die fur den Anwender von besonderem Interesse sind. Hierzu zahlen insbesondere die (Selbst-) Einstellung, Optimierung und Stabilitatsanalyse von Fuzzy-Reglern. Ausgehend von einer detaillierten Einfuhrung in die Gebiete Fuzzy-Systeme und Regelungstechnik wird der Leser systematisch an aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse herangefuhrt."

Das Buch gibt einen umfassenden UEberblick uber die Hardware- und Software-Konzepte, auf denen moderne Rechnersysteme beruhen, von den Arbeitsplatzrechnern bis zu den Supercomputern und den zukunftigen massiv-parallelen Rechnern. Im Anschluss an die Betrachtung der Architektur sequentieller Rechner, ihrer Prozessoren und ihrer Speicherhierarchien werden die Grundlagen fur die Parallelarbeit dargelegt. Zunachst werden die Prinzipien der Parallelarbeit im Prozessor behandelt, was zu den VLIW-Maschinen und den superskalaren Prozessoren fuhrt, und die damit verbundenen Compilerprobleme eroertert. Ein Kapitel ist den SIMD-Architekturen in Form der Vektormaschinen oder der Anordnungen gleichartiger Rechnerelemente gewidmet. Ein eigenes Kapitel stellt ausfuhrlich und mit Beispielen die Prinzipien der Datenstruktur-Architekturen und der Sprach-Architekturen dar. Datenstruktur-Architekturen sind dahingehend optimiert, datenparallele Anwendungen mit komplexen Datenstrukturtypen moeglichst effizient zu bearbeiten. Sprach-Architekturen dienen der Unterstutzung von Sprachen wie Lisp und Prolog. Datenflussarchitekturen werden in einem eigenen Kapitel ausfuhrlich behandelt. Die letzten drei Kapitel sind den Parallelrechnern gewidmet: Aus den Programmiermodellen fur massiv-parallele Architekturen werden die verschiedenen Architekturformen abgeleitet. Die Eigenschaften der einzelnen Architekturformen, die zentrale Frage der Kommunikationslatenz und die spezifischen Softwarefragen werden grundlich behandelt. Das Buch zeichnet sich durch eine sehr systematische Darstellung aus sowie auch dadurch, dass nicht nur auf die Hardware-Architekturen eingegangen wird, sondern ebenso sehr auf die relevanten Fragen der Systemsoftware und Programmierung.

Das vorliegende Buch ist der 2. Teil einer Einfuhrung in die wesentlichen Problembereiche der KI-Programmierung. Dabei dienen Sprachentwicklung, -implementierung und -benutzung als neuartige einheitliche Sichtweise. Die Grundidee ist, dass es zu jedem Problem ein angepasstes Verarbeitungsmodell (eine abstrakte Maschine) gibt, das mit Hilfe einer zugeordneten Programmiersprache operabel gemacht werden kann. Programmiersprachen konnen jedoch auch uminterpretiert werden, indem ihnen konzeptionell ein neues Verarbeitungsmodell zugrunde gelegt wird. Diese Ausdrucksvielfalt fuhrt zu verschiedenen "Programmierstilen." Um den angehenden KI-Programmierer mit KI-Programmiersprachen (Wissensreprasentationsformalismen) und ihrer Implementierung vertraut zu machen, wird eine Reihe etablierter oder zeitweise wichtiger Sprachen vorgestellt. Das Besondere an diesem Sprachspektrum ist die Vielfalt der Verarbeitungsmodelle, auf denen die Sprachen beruhen, und die Unterschiedlichkeit der Programmierstile, denen der Programmierer folgen kann. Im ersten Band werden Funktions-, Muster-, Operator- und Logik-orientierte Formen der Programmierung behandelt und an einem durchgehenden Problembeispiel vorgestellt. Im vorliegenden zweiten Band stehen Relations-, Regel-, Plan-, Anweisungs- und Objekt-orientierte Formen sowie die ATN-Programmierung (Augmented Transition Networks) im Vordergrund."

A practical guide to building PIC and STM32 microcontroller board applications with C and C++ programming Key Features Discover how to apply microcontroller boards in real life to create interesting IoT projects Create innovative solutions to help improve the lives of people affected by the COVID-19 pandemic Design, build, program, and test microcontroller-based projects with the C and C++ programming language Book DescriptionWe live in a world surrounded by electronic devices, and microcontrollers are the brains of these devices. Microcontroller programming is an essential skill in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), and this book helps you to get up to speed with it by working through projects for designing and developing embedded apps with microcontroller boards. DIY Microcontroller Projects for Hobbyists are filled with microcontroller programming C and C++ language constructs. You'll discover how to use the Blue Pill (containing a type of STM32 microcontroller) and Curiosity Nano (containing a type of PIC microcontroller) boards for executing your projects as PIC is a beginner-level board and STM-32 is an ARM Cortex-based board. Later, you'll explore the fundamentals of digital electronics and microcontroller board programming. The book uses examples such as measuring humidity and temperature in an environment to help you gain hands-on project experience. You'll build on your knowledge as you create IoT projects by applying more complex sensors. Finally, you'll find out how to plan for a microcontroller-based project and troubleshoot it. By the end of this book, you'll have developed a firm foundation in electronics and practical PIC and STM32 microcontroller programming and interfacing, adding valuable skills to your professional portfolio. What you will learn Get to grips with the basics of digital and analog electronics Design, build, program, and test a microcontroller-based system Understand the importance and applications of STM32 and PIC microcontrollers Discover how to connect sensors to microcontroller boards Find out how to obtain sensor data via coding Use microcontroller boards in real life and practical projects Who this book is forThis STM32 PIC microcontroller book is for students, hobbyists, and engineers who want to explore the world of embedded systems and microcontroller programming. Beginners, as well as more experienced users of digital electronics and microcontrollers, will also find this book useful. Basic knowledge of digital circuits and C and C++ programming will be helpful but not necessary.