1. Site Directed Mutagenesis to Probe for Active Site Components of Liver Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- 2. Substrate Binding Pocket Structure of Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: A Substrate Specificity Approach.- 3. Human Class 1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Expression and Site-Directed Mutagenesis.- 4. Nitrate Esters as Inhibitors and Substrates of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- 5. Use of a Chromophoric Reporter Group to Probe the Active Site of Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- 6. Studies of the Esterase Activity of Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Using Sterically Hindered and Cyclic Substrates.- 7. The Reduction of Propionic Anhydride by Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Nadh Mixtures at pH 7.- 8. Cloning and Characterisation of the cDNA for Sheep Liver Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- 9. Crystallization of Sheep Liver Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in a Form Suitable for High Resolution X-Ray Structural Analysis.- 10. Progress toward the Tertiary Structure of (Class 3) Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- 11. UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase: Structural Characteristics.- 12. Kinetic Studies on Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from Bovine Cornea.- 13. Covalent Modification of Class 2 and Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase by 4-Hydroxynonenal.- 14. Constitutive and Overexpressed Human Cytosolic Class-3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Normal and Neoplastic Cells/Secretions.- 15. Metabolism of Cyclophosphamide by Aldehyde Dehydrogenases.- 16. Tissue-Specific Expression and Preliminary Functional Analysis of the 5? Flanking Regions of the Human Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH2) Gene.- 17. Transgenesis of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) Locus in a Mouse Model and in Cultured Human Cells.- 18. Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: A Northern Perspective in the Land Down Under.- 19. Studies on the Induction of Rat Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- 20. Mouse Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenases.- 21. Cloning and Characterization of Genes Encoding Four Additional Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isozymes.- 22. New Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenases.- 23. Retinoic Acid Synthesizing Enzymes in the Embryonic and Adult Vertebrate.- 24. Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Spinal Cord.- 25. Structure and Mechanism of Aldehyde Reductase.- 26. Expression of Human and Rat Carbonyl Reductase in E. coli: Comparison of the Recombinant Enzymes.- 27. Molecular Cloning and Sequencing of Mouse Hepatic 11ss-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Carbonyl Reductase: A Member of the Short Chain Dehydrogenase Superfamily.- 28. Molecular Modelling Calculations on the Binding of D- and L-Xylose to Wild-Type Aldose Reductase and Its H11OQ and H11OA Mutants.- 29. Stopped-Flow Studies of Human Aldose Reductase Reveal which Enzyme Form Predominates during Steady-State Turnover in Either Reaction direction.- 30. Lysine Residues in the Coenzyme-Binding Region of Mouse Lung Carbonyl Reductase.- 31. Substrate Specificity and Kinetic Mechanism of Tetrahymena 20?-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase.- 32. Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Placental and Rat Lens Aldose Reductases Expressed in Escherichia coli.- 33. Rat and Human Bile Acid Binders Are Members of the Monomeric Reductase Gene Family.- 34. The Alcohol Dehydrogenase System.- 35. Promoters of the Mammalian Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes.- 36. Class I and Class Iv Alcohol Dehydrogenase (Retinol Dehydrogenase) Gene Expression in Mouse Embryos.- 37. Molecular Evolution of Class I Alcohol Dehydrogenases in Primates: Models for Gene Evolution and Comparison of 3? Untranslated Regions of cDNAS.- 38. the Role of Leucine 116 in Determining Substrate Specificity in Human B1 Alcohol Dehydrogenase.- 39. Mutations of Human Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase.- 40. Human and Rat Class IV Alcohol Dehydrogenases: Correlations of Primary Structures with Enzymatic Properties.- 41. Cloning and Expression of a Human Stomach Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isozyme.- 42. Purification and Properties of Murine Corneal Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Evidence for Class IV ADH P

This book is actually a product of efforts of many people, not only of the authors. W ide investigations of marine mammals began in Russia (that time, in the former Soviet Union) in the 1960s when a few teams of enthusiasts founded in captivity experimental stations intended for keeping dolphins and seals and for performing experimental studies of these fascinating animals. It was a time when attention of many people throughout the world was attracted to dolphins and other marine mammals due to appearance of oceanariums and dolphinariums, which demonstrated unique capabilities of these animals. So scientists in many countries concentrated on studies of them. There was much to learn about the morphology, physiology, and psychology of marine mammals, and investigators spending their time and efforts on studies in this field were rewarded by a number of surprising findings. The authors of this book represent one of such research teams focused on the neuro- and sensory physiology of marine mammals. A few decades of studies naturally resulted in the idea to summarize in a book both the results of these studies and a large body of data in adjacent fields. Our goal was to synthesize the many research findings and the present knowledge on sensory capabilities and mechanisms of sensory systems of aquatic mammals. We realize, however, that the appearance of this book was made possible due to the help and assistance of many colleagues.

This volume provides the reader with an overview of an intriguing and interdisciplinary field of research. For the first time the mammalian pineal gland, its mode of action and its physiological effects are discussed in a comprehensive, single-authored work.

From an evolutionary perspective, understanding chimpanzees offers a way of understanding the basis of human nature. This book on cognitive development in chimpanzees is the first of its kind to focus on infants reared by their own mothers within a natural setting, illustrating various aspects of chimpanzee cognition and the developmental changes accompanying them. The subjects are chimpanzees of three generations inhabiting an enriched environment, as well as a wild community in West Africa. There is a foreword by Jane Goodall and 26 color photos of chimpanzees in the laboratory and in the field in West Africa are included.

A review of our understanding of this area of the brain, showing how it fits into the general picture of those areas concerned with modulating mammalian behavior. The chapters, all written by leading figures in behavioral neuroscience, discuss the anatomy, neurochemistry, physiology, and behavioral relations in the septal area. Due to the great deal of current research shown in the related areas of hippocampus and the amygdala, this book will be of great interest to all those who research the hippocampus and the amygdala in addition to the septum itself.

Taxonomy of Australian Mammals utilises the latest morphometric and genetic research to develop the most up to date and comprehensive revision of the taxonomy of Australian mammals undertaken to date. It proposes significant changes to the higher ranks of a number of groups and recognises several genera and species that have only very recently been identified as distinct. This easy to use reference also includes a complete listing of all species, subspecies and synonyms for all of Australia's mammals, both native and introduced as well as terrestrial and marine. This book lays a foundation for future taxonomic work and identifies areas where taxonomic studies should be targeted, not only at the species and subspecies level but also broader phylogenetic relationships. This work will be an essential reference for students, scientists, wildlife managers and those interested in the science of taxonomy.

Southern African Mammals Made Simple enables users to distinguish between commonly confused mammals by applying the breakthrough methodology that made Southern African LBJs Made Simple so hugely popular.

The simple three-step system allows for quick and certain identification of mammals in the field. For each species featured, the book gives:

- range maps

- full-colour illustrations and photographs

- key identification pointers, and

- concise text describing height, weight, habits and habitat.

All of southern Africa’s most common and distinctive mammals are included, but the particular value of this book lies in separating the more challenging species, such as antelope, mongooses, genets, primates and many more. It will appeal to both local and foreign visitors to our game parks.

This comprehensive introduction demonstrates the theoretical perspectives and concepts that are applied to primate behavior, and explores the relevance of non-human primates to understanding human behavior. Using a streamlined and student-friendly taxonomic framework, King provides a thorough overview of the primate order. The chapters cover common features and diversity, and touch on ecology, sociality, life history, and cognition. Text boxes are included throughout the discussion featuring additional topics and more sophisticated taxonomy. The book contains a wealth of illustrations, and further resources to support teaching and learning are available via a companion website. Written in an engaging and approachable style, this is an invaluable resource for students of primate behavior as well as human evolution.

The field of marine mammal science has made enormous strides in the last ten years of the 20th century, as well as attracting a large amount of interest, due no doubt to the public appeal of whales, dolphins, and seals, which are never out of media attention. The purpose of this book is to review key topics through chapters on the major disciplines from invited authorities around the world. Subjects covered include evolution and genetics, life histories, ecology, physiology, behaviour, medicine (diseases, parasitology), survey methodology, and all the main conservation issues (pollution, fisheries interactions, and sound disturbance). The book has an ecological and conservation emphasis since these are subject areas calling for the most attention in the modern world, but other areas such as evolution, physiology, and medicine are also given in-depth treatment. The book is written at the level of the undergraduate or above, although its style should appeal to anyone with a serious interest in marine mammal science.

This volume covers aspects of ecology, behavior, genetics, taxonomy, 'cultural' patterns, hunting by non-human primates, physiology, dietary chemistry, and ecotourism, in several major clades of primates from galagos and pottos, through cercopithecoids, to hominoids.

Mama's Last Hug is a whirlwind tour of new ideas and findings about animal emotions, based on Frans de Waal's renowned studies of the social and emotional lives of chimpanzees, bonobos and other primates.

It opens with the moving farewell between Mama, a dying 59-year-old chimpanzee matriarch, and Jan Van Hoof, who was Frans de Waal's mentor and thesis advisor. The filmed event has since gone viral (over 9.5 million views on YouTube).

De Waal discusses facial expressions, animal sentience and consciousness, the emotional side of human politics, and the illusion of free will. He distinguishes between emotions and feelings, all the while emphasizing the continuity between our species and other species. And he makes the radical proposal that emotions are like organs: we haven't a single organ that other animals don't have, and the same is true for our emotions.

Based on more than 1.8 million records, this Atlas provides the most up-to-date information on the current distributions of both terrestrial and marine mammals in the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Many changes over time, such as the rapid invasion of the grey squirrel, the recovery of the pine marten and the decline of the water vole, are readily apparent from the detailed maps. Fully illustrated with photographs, detailed information is provided for 84 species, including descriptions of their ecology and identification, together with graphs showing the seasonal distribution of records. Data are also presented for feral species, vagrants, and cetaceans that have only ever been found as strandings. The Atlas will be an invaluable source of information to mammal enthusiasts, professional ecologists, and policy makers.

Mammary Development: Growth and Growth Factors: The Environment of the Mammary Secretory Cell (C.H. Knight). Role of Bovine Placental Lactogen in Intercellular Signalling during Mammary Growth and Lactation (R.J. Collier et al.). Expression of Hox Genes in Normal and Neoplastic Mouse Mammary Gland (Y. Friedmann, C.W. Daniel). Apoptosis in Mammary Gland Involution: Isolation and Characterization of Apoptosisspecific Genes (W. Bielke et al.). Mammary Development: Differentiation and Gene Expression: Extracellular Matrix Dependent Gene Regulation in Mammary Epithelial Cells (C. Schmidhauser et al.). Regulation of Milk Secretion and Composition by Growth Hormone and Prolactin (D.J. Flint). Basement Membrane in the Control of Mammary Gland Function (C.H. Streuli). Heterogeneous Expression and Synthesis of Human Serum Albumin in the Mammary Gland of Transgenic Mice (I. Barash et al). Milk Secretion: Autocrine Control of Milk Secretion: Development of the Concept (M. Peaker). Endocrine and Autocrine Strategies for the Control of Lactation in Women and Sows (P.E. Hartmann et al.). Autocrine Control of Milk Secretion: From Concept to Application (C.J. Wilde et al.). A Role for Mediumchain Fatty Acids in the Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Milk Stasis? (D.H. Williamson et al.). 41 additional articles. Appendix. Index.

Over 1000 people a year in the UK report seeing 'big cats', possibly pumas or panthers. Have these animals escaped from zoos? Are they the descendants of pets released into wild? Or is there another solution to the mystery? In this extraordinary book, big cat tracker Merrily Harpur interviews farmers, gamekeepers, ornithologists, policemen and even parents who have seen curious cats on the school run. In the process she discovers our mystery felines may have been with us for longer than we imagine, and draws some startling conclusions from what is now the commonest encounter with the unknown in Britain.

Wolves are controversial figures worldwide and much effort has focused on how to conserve them while addressing public concerns. With its solitary habits and fruit-eating diet, the endangered maned wolf roams the South American grasslands and swamps, playing a vital part in maintaining biodiversity hotspots. Compared to the grey wolf, little is known about its relationship with local people and the environment and the reasons for its decline, making research about this unique species an urgent concern. Ecology and Conservation of the Maned Wolf: Multidisciplinary Perspectives gathers the work of leading researchers from diverse disciplines and countries, covering up-to-date research on the biology, ecology, and conservation of the maned wolf. It presents innovative insights that can benefit conservation strategies and offers perspectives for the future of the species. The book is divided into three parts. Part I explains the general issues concerning the maned wolf: population viability, the relationship between maned wolves and people, and the management of captive maned wolves. It also reviews current aspects of species biology, including conservation genetics, feeding ecology, social structure and reproduction, and conservation medicine. Part II contains case studies that present knowledge gathered from conservation programs and field research in all countries where the species is currently found-Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Part III offers perspectives from diverse fields of research, exploring the challenges and opportunities connecting maned wolf conservation efforts with those of its habitat and of other endangered species. This includes education and communication tools, the application of human dimensions research to maned wolf conservation, ethnoconservation perspectives, and the ecological and socioeconomic challenges to the conservation of the cerrado habitat.

Wolfgang Koehler demonstrated that chimpanzees could solve problems by applying insight. His research showed that the intellectual gap between humans and chimpanzees was much narrower than previously thought. The work was revolutionary when originally published in 1917 in German, but it was largely ignored for decades because it violated the conventional wisdom that animal behavior is simply the result of instinct or conditioning.

Orangutans, together with chimpanzees and gorillas, are our closest living relatives. Photographic and Descriptive Musculoskeletal Atlas of Orangutans, the first photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of the genus Pongo, adopts the same format as the photographic atlases of Gorilla, Pan and Hylobates previously published by the same authors. These four books are part of a series of monographs that will set out the comparative and phylogenetic context of the gross anatomy and evolutionary history of the soft tissue morphology of modern humans and their closest relatives. The present atlas, which includes detailed high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal structures from most anatomical regions of the body as well as textual information about the attachments, innervation, function and weight of the respective muscles, is based on dissections of five orangutans and on an extensive review of the literature. It provides an updated review of the anatomical variations within orangutans as well as an extensive list of the synonyms used in the literature to designate the structures we discuss. It will be of interest to students, teachers and researchers studying primatology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology, zoology, and physical anthropology and to medical students, doctors and researchers who are curious about the origin, evolution, homology and variations of the musculoskeletal structures of modern humans.

Knowledge about the structure and function of the inner ear is vital to an understanding of vertebrate hearing. This volume presents a detailed overview of the mammalian cochlea from its anatomy and physiology to its biophysics and biochemistry. The nine review chapters, written by internationally distinguished auditory researchers, provide a detailed and unified introduction to sound processing in the cochlea and the steps by which the ensuing signals are prepared for the central nervous system.

The renowned British primatologist continues the "engrossing account" of her time among the chimpanzees of Gombe, Tanzania (Publishers Weekly). In her classic, In the Shadow of Man, Jane Goodall wrote of her first ten years at Gombe. In Through a Window she continues the story, painting a more complete and vivid portrait of our closest relatives. On the shores of Lake Tanganyika, Gombe is a community where the principal residents are chimpanzees. Through Goodall's eyes we watch young Figan's relentless rise to power and old Mike's crushing defeat. We learn how one mother rears her children to succeed and another dooms hers to failure. We witness horrifying murders, touching moments of affection, joyous births, and wrenching deaths. As Goodall compellingly tells the story of this intimately intertwined community, we are shown human emotions stripped to their essence. In the mirror of chimpanzee life, we see ourselves reflected. "A humbling and exalting book . . . Ranks with the great scientific achievements of the twentieth century."--Washington Post "[An] absolutely smashing account . . . Thrilling, affectionate, intelligent--a classic."--Kirkus Reviews, starred review

Ecotoxicology of Wild Mammals brings together the latest research on the exposure and effects of environmental contaminants in wild mammal populations.
The underlying theme is encompassed by four questions:

• What exactly do we know about environmental contaminants in wild mammals?
• What are the commonalities and differences between mammal orders/species in the effects that contaminants have?
• How and to what degree of accuracy can we predict the adverse effects of environmental contaminants on mammalian wildlife?
• How significant are contaminant insults compared with other density-independent and -dependent factors such as habitat loss, climatic factors and disease?

"The Mouse Nervous System" provides a comprehensive account of the central nervous system of the mouse. The book is aimed at molecular biologists who need a book that introduces them to the anatomy of the mouse brain and spinal cord, but also takes them into the relevant details of development and organization of the area they have chosen to study. "The Mouse Nervous System" offers a wealth of new information for experienced anatomists who work on mice. The book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience.
Systematic consideration of the anatomy and connections of all regions of the brain and spinal cord by the authors of the most cited rodent brain atlasesA major section (12 chapters) on functional systems related to motor control, sensation, and behavioral and emotional statesA detailed analysis of gene expression during development of the forebrain by Luis Puelles, the leading researcher in this areaFull coverage of the role of gene expression during development and the new field of genetic neuroanatomy using site-specific recombinasesExamples of the use of mouse models in the study of neurological illness

Detailed information on all aspects of bat surveying - The Bat Workers' Manual is an essential reference for anyone wishing to obtain a licence to carry out bat work in the UK. With excellent drawings by Tom McOwat. The manual incorporates required changes and includes recommendations on the handling of bats, vaccinations against EBLV and a list of contact details for finding up-to-date advice on the subject. Updated information on legislation, and other advice, has also been included. This version of The Bat Workers' Manual is a reprint of the 3rd edition (with no change or updates from the 3rd edition 1861075588, published in 2004)

"Even though the gorilla is our closest living relative, information about its anatomy, and particularly its musculature, is scarce. This book is the first photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of the gorilla. It includes high-quality photographs of musculoskeletal structures from most anatomical regions of the body, along with textual information about the attachments, innervations, and weight of the reported muscles. The atlas is an up-to-date review of the anatomical variations within gorillas as well as an extensive list of the synonyms used in the literature to designate the structures covered in the book. It also contains dissection observations of other primates and vertebrates, which are crucial for examining and understanding the homologies between the muscular structures of gorillas, humans, and other taxa"--

The Eurasian beaver was near extinction at the start of the twentieth century, hunted across Europe for its fur, meat and castoreum. But now the beaver is on the brink of a comeback, with wild beaver populations, licensed and unlicensed, emerging all over Britain. As a keystone species, the beaver plays a vital role in the creation of sustainable wetland habitats through its damming activities, providing living opportunities for a broad spectrum of wildlife. Yet as proposals for reintroducing beavers are underway, re-establishing the beaver in Britain is still a controversial issue. This book presents a case for our future coexistence with beavers by providing factual information on this species that has now passed from national memory, covering the biology, behaviour and ecology of the Eurasian beaver in a British context, from their early history in archaeology and folklore to their contemporary field signs in the wild. This book familiarises readers once again, after almost 400 years of its absence, with the Eurasian beaver, providing essential information on its requirements in our human dominated landscape. This book is for those with a specific interest in beavers and their reintroduction, and for anyone with a general curiosity in natural history, ecology or animal behaviour. It can be used as a field guide to identify beaver field signs and observe beavers in the wild by wildlife surveyors or general land users, or as an introductory guide for anyone with an interest in beavers and how to recognise them. The authors have been actively involved in the study of beaver ecology, behaviour and reintroduction for many years. They have a first-hand knowledge of beavers in captivity and in the wild in both Britain and a range of other European countries.