In the nineteenth century, Americans began to use maps in extraordinary new ways. Medical men mapped diseases to understand epidemics, natural scientists mapped climate to uncover weather patterns, and Northerners created slave maps to assess the power of the South. And after the Civil War, federal agencies embraced statistical and thematic mapping in order to profile the ethnic, racial, economic, moral, and physical attributes of a reunified nation. In Mapping the Nation, Susan Schulten charts how thematic maps demonstrated the analytical potential of cartography. This radical shift in spatial thought and representation opened the door to the idea that maps were not just illustrations of data, but visual tools that are uniquely equipped to convey complex ideas, changing forever the very meaning of a map.

Over 35 recipes to design and implement uniquely styled maps using the Mapbox platform About This Book * Design and develop beautifully styled maps using TileMill, MapBox Studio, and CartoCSS * Get to grips with the mapbox.js and Leaflet to create visually stunning web and mobile applications * An easy-to-follow, quick reference guide to integrate powerful APIs and services like Foursquare, Fusion Tables, Geoserver, and CartoDB to populate your maps Who This Book Is For If you are a web developer seeking for GIS expertise on how to create, style, and publish interactive and unique styled maps, then this book is for you. Basic knowledge of programming and javascripts is assumed. What You Will Learn * Get accustomed to the MapBox Editor to visually style your maps * Learn everything about CartoCSS, and how it will help you fine tune your styled maps * Use MapBox Studio and Tilemill to generate your own tiles and vector maps * Publish your maps using a variety of technologies like node.js, PHP, and Geoserver * Integrate with third party APIs and services to populate your maps with public or private data * Create many different map visualization styles like choropleth and heat maps, add interactivity, and even learn how to animate data over time * Work with many different data formats and external services to create robust maps * Learn to use MapBox GL to create a mobile application In Detail Maps are an essential element in today's location aware applications. Right from displaying earth surface information to creating thematic maps displaying plethora of information, most of the developers lack the necessary knowledge to create customizable maps with combination of various tools and libraries. The MapBox platform is one such platform which offers all the tools and API required to create and publish a totally customizable map. Starting with building your first map with the online MapBox Editor, we will take you all the way to building advanced web and mobile applications with totally customizable map styles. Through the course of chapters we'll learn CartoCSS styling language and understand the various components of MapBox platform and their corresponding JavaScript API. In the initial few chapters we will dive deeper into the TileMill and MapBox Studio components of MapBox and use them to generate custom styled map tiles and vector maps. Furthermore, we will publish these custom maps using PHP, node.js and third party tools like Geoserver. We'll also learn to create different visualizations and map styles like a choropleth map, a heat map and add user interactivity using a UFTGrid. Moving on, we dive into advanced concepts and focus on integration with third party services like Foursquare, Google FusionTables, CartoDB, and Torque to help you populate and even animate your maps. In the final chapter we'll learn to use the Mapbox SDK to create and publish interactive maps for the iOS platform. By the end of this book, you will learn about MapBox GL and how to create a fully functional, location-aware mobile app, using the maps styles created in the recipes. Style and approach An easy-to-use recipe driven book that will not just serve code samples, but also explains all the theory and concepts required to fully understand each recipe.

In Companions in Geography Mario Cams revisits the early 18th century mapping of Qing China, without doubt one of the largest cartographic endeavours of the early modern world. Commonly seen as a Jesuit initiative, the project appears here as the result of a convergence of interests among the French Academy of Sciences, the Jesuit order, and the Kangxi emperor (r. 1661-1722). These connections inspired the gradual integration of European and East Asian scientific practices and led to a period of intense land surveying, executed by large teams of Qing officials and European missionaries. The resulting maps and atlases, all widely circulated across Eurasia, remained the most authoritative cartographic representations of continental East Asia for over a century. This book is based on Dr. Mario Cams' dissertation, which has been awarded the "2017 DHST Prize for Young Scholars" from the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Division of History of Science and Technology (IUHPST/DHST).

The nineteenth century was an era of breathtakingly ambitious geographic expeditions across the Americas. The seminal Chorographic Commission of Colombia, which began in 1850 and lasted about a decade, was one of Latin America's most extensive. The commission's mandate was to define and map the young republic and its resources with an eye toward modernization. In this history of the commission, Nancy Appelbaum focuses on the geographers' fieldwork practices and visual production as the men traversed the mountains, savannahs, and forests of more than thirty provinces in order to delineate the country's territorial and racial composition. Their assumptions and methods, Appelbaum argues, contributed to a long-lasting national imaginary. What jumps out of the commission's array of reports, maps, sketches, and paintings is a portentous tension between the marked differences that appeared before the eyes of the geographers in the field and the visions of sameness to which they aspired. The commissioners and their patrons believed that a prosperous republic required a unified and racially homogeneous population, but the commission's maps and images paradoxically emphasized diversity and helped create a ""country of regions."" By privileging the whiter inhabitants of the cool Andean highlands over those of the boiling tropical lowlands, the commission left a lasting but problematic legacy for today's Colombians.

The sudden appearance of portolan charts, realistic nautical charts of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, at the end of the thirteenth century is one of the most significant occurrences in the history of cartography. Using geodetic and statistical analysis techniques these charts are shown to be mosaics of partial charts that are considerably more accurate than has been assumed. Their accuracy exceeds medieval mapping capabilities. These sub-charts show a remarkably good agreement with the Mercator map projection. It is demonstrated that this map projection can only have been an intentional feature of the charts' construction. Through geodetic analysis the author eliminates the possibility that the charts are original products of a medieval Mediterranean nautical culture, which until now they have been widely believed to be.

Considered a wonder of the ancient world, the Newark Earthworks?the gigantic geometrical mounds of earth built nearly two thousand years ago in the Ohio valley--have been a focal point for archaeologists and surveyors, researchers and scholars for almost two centuries. In their prime one of the premier pilgrimage destinations in North America, these monuments are believed to have been ceremonial centers used by ancestors of Native Americans, called the ""Hopewell culture,"" as social gathering places, religious shrines, pilgrimage sites, and astronomical observatories. Yet much of this territory has been destroyed by the city of Newark, and the site currently ""hosts"" a private golf course, making it largely inaccessible to the public. The first book-length volume devoted to the site, The Newark Earthworks reveals the magnitude and the geometric precision of what remains of the earthworks and the site's undeniable importance to our history. Including contributions from archaeologists, historians, cultural geographers, and cartographers, as well as scholars in religious studies, legal studies, indigenous studies, and preservation studies, the book follows an interdisciplinary approach to shine light on the Newark Earthworks and argues compellingly for its designation as a World Heritage Site.

This book shows you how to use a GPS and Google Earth to create simple and expressive maps to share on the web like the one shown on the cover. With a reading time of a mere 10 hours you will learn to work with a GPS without making mistakes, to use it with Google Earth including in areas without internet access and to quickly create diverse interactive maps that other people can see and modify over the internet without the need for experts or unnecessary complications. Even though it has been written in the context of Relief and Development work, the same process is valid for whatever other application.

Antonio Garcia Cubas's "Carta general" of 1857, the first published map of the independent Mexican nation-state, represented the country's geographic coordinates in precise detail. The respected geographer and cartographer made mapping Mexico his life's work. Combining insights from the history of cartography and visual culture studies, Magali M. Carrera explains how Garcia Cubas fabricated credible and inspiring nationalist visual narratives for a rising sovereign nation by linking old and new visual strategies.

From the sixteenth century until the early nineteenth, Europeans had envisioned New Spain (colonial Mexico) in texts, maps, and other images. In the first decades of the 1800s, ideas about Mexican, rather than Spanish, national character and identity began to cohere in written and illustrated narratives produced by foreign travelers. During the nineteenth century, technologies and processes of visual reproduction expanded to include lithography, daguerreotype, and photography. New methods of display--such as albums, museums, exhibitions, and world fairs--signaled new ideas about spectatorship. Garcia Cubas participated in this emerging visual culture as he reconfigured geographic and cultural imagery culled from previous mapping practices and travel writing. In works such as the "Atlas geografico" (1858) and the "Atlas pintoresco e historico" (1885), he presented independent Mexico to Mexican citizens and the world.

WINNER OF THE CANTEMIR PRIZE 2012 awarded by the Berendel Foundation

The Map Reader brings together, for the first time, classic and hard-to-find articles on mapping. This book provides a wide-ranging and coherent edited compendium of key scholarly writing about the changing nature of cartography over the last half century. The editorial selection of fifty-four theoretical and thought provoking texts demonstrates how cartography works as a powerful representational form and explores how different mapping practices have been conceptualised in particular scholarly contexts.

Themes covered include paradigms, politics, people, aesthetics and technology. Original interpretative essays set the literature into intellectual context within these themes. Excerpts are drawn from leading scholars and researchers in a range of cognate fields including: Cartography, Geography, Anthropology, Architecture, Engineering, Computer Science and Graphic Design.

The Map Reader provides a new unique single source reference to the essential literature in the cartographic field: more than fifty specially edited excerpts from key, classic articles and monographs critical introductions by experienced experts in the field focused coverage of key mapping practices, techniques and ideas a valuable resource suited to a broad spectrum of researchers and students working in cartography and GIScience, geography, the social sciences, media studies, and visual arts full page colour illustrations of significant maps as provocative visual 'think-pieces' fully indexed, clearly structured and accessible ways into a fast changing field of cartographic research

Co-edited by Martin Dodge and Chris Perkins, Senior Lecturers in Human Geography in the School of Environment and Development, the University of Manchester; and Rob Kitchin, Professor of Geography, National University of Ireland, Maynooth.

The purpose of this field manual is to provide a standardized source document for Armywide reference on map reading and land navigation. This manual applies to every soldier in the Army regardless of service branch, MOS, or rank. This manual also contains both doctrine and training guidance on these subjects. Part One addresses map reading and Part Two, land navigation. The appendixes include a list of exportable training materials, a matrix of land navigation tasks, an introduction to orienteering, and a discussion of several devices that can assist the soldier in land navigation. Profusely illustrated throughout.

In view of the growing interest in maps and charts as brought about by the interrelation of countries and communities, the purpose of this publication is to supply in outline form the underlying principles of constructive cartography. It is also intended to illustrate the development of the scientific system of today and the educational value of this branch of human activities. A knowledge of the horizontal and vertical location of places and the configuration of the earth's surface are essential factors in carrying on the major activities of a nation. Such information as relates to land surfaces is given on the modern topographic map; the submarine relief and the navigational routes of travel and commerce are supplied by the nautical chart, and, in a similar manner, the needs of air travel and air commerce are served by the aeronautical chart. A nation of vast resources and industrial developments can well afford to provide maps and charts for the extension of its highways, railroads, and airways in all directions; for the harnessing of its rivers to furnish water power and irrigation; and for providing means of protection against the overflow of river banks and the encroachments of the sea upon its beaches. In the interests of navigation the mariner requires charts that supply not only the necessary accuracy in delineation and facility for use, but charts that are in keeping with the development of a nation's ports, its commerce, and the ever changing natural conditions. It is the purpose of this book to trace briefly the attempts made through the ages to depict on paper accurate geographic information which will lead to a better understanding of the terrain and the sea, their historyand relationship, their characteristics and phenomena. It will also outline what are now considered the best methods of securing and utilizing map data and to indicate how to use the maps and charts after they have been constructed and printed.

Since the last decades of the twentieth century, the circumstances surrounding map use and map making have drastically changed owing to advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs). In particular, the spread of web maps and mobile devices have altered the way people interact with maps. This book features the latest works on theoretical and practical issues of these changes by terming them "ubiquitous mapping". In particular, the book pays attention to not only the technological basis but also multidisciplinary human-social aspects. The book covers the topics of the evaluation of ICT-based technologies for context-aware mapping, the theory and application of crowd-sourced geospatial information and collaborative mapping, and both the positive and negative effects of ubiquitous mapping on human society.

The true story of Gerard Mercator, the greatest map-maker of all time, who was condemned to death as a heretic. 'Geographie and Chronologie I may call the Sunne and the Moone, the right eye and the left, of all history.' In 'The World of Gerard Mercator', Andrew Taylor chronicles both the story of a great astronomer and mathematician, who was condemned to death as a heretic, and the history of that most fascinating conjunction of science and art: the drawing of maps. Gerard Mercator was born in Flanders in 1512. In addition to creating accurate globes of the earth and the stars, he was the first person to use latitude and longitude for navigation and he created the most-used map of all time: Mercator's Projection is still the standard view of the world, the one we all envisage when we think of a map of the globe. Simply finding the best solution to the impossible challenge of reproducing the spherical world on a flat sheet of paper was a considerable achievement in itself - something geographers and map-makers had been trying to do for centuries, but Mercator also created the map of the world that would form the basis of the modern age, an image of the continents for the common man. Until Mercator's Projection, maps offered a pictorial encyclopaedia to an illiterate world, and that world stretched far beyond the knowledge and travels of most mapmakers. It is this evolution of mapmaking from art to science that forms the backdrop to the story of Mercator, from the days of Herodotus and Strabo when fabulous creatures were supposed to inhabit the fringes of the world to the great mappae mundi of Hereford and Ebsdorf. The Greek geographer Pytheas claimed to have visited the far north of Britain to establish the limits of the habitable world; but further north, he claimed that the earth, air and sea coalesced into a jellyfish-like gelatinous suspension that made life impossible. 'The World of Gerard Mercator' is a brilliantly readable and absolutely fascinating history for the general reader, describing how our worldview came into being.

This guide enables students of human geography to take a critical look at the set of practices, hardware and software that are together described as GIS.
A guide to GIS for students of human geography.
Outlines the distinct approaches to inquiry employed in GIS and illustrates their relevance for human geographers.
Traces the history of GIS and human geography from 1970 to the present.
Illustrates the challenges of data collection, classification in the context of multiple stakeholders and epistemological approaches.
Tracks the use of GIS in applied contexts through the stages of problem definition, data acquisition and classification, choice of software, spatial analysis and graphic output.
Includes an inventory of tools and information related to GIS, including web-based resources.
Supported by a website, www.blackwellpublishing.com/schuurman.

An updated edition of the classic, much praised history of cartography. It traces the adventures, discoveries, and feats of technical ingenuity by which mapmakers, over the centuries, have succeeded in charting first the surface of the globe, then the earth's interior and the ocean floors, and finally the moon and the planets of our solar system. The author has added three new chapters, as well as many updates and amplifications, to reflect the great changes that have taken place in mapmaking in the past two decades.

The Mapmakers will continue to be the definitive book on this fascinating subject.'A winning chronicle of mapmakers over time and space-Wilford has combined the accounts to offer a variety of adventures and perceptions not so often well described.' Scientific American'Fascinating-Wilford manages to make everything from the discovery of the longitude to advanced laser-beam technology clear.' Newsweek 'One begins to sense how very much of what we know about the makeup of our planet has come to light just the other day as history goes-Wilford has produced a brisk intelligent history.' New York Times Book Review

"No [other] book provides such a thorough and enjoyable history of the United States-Mexico boundary, which plays a significant role in peoples' lives every day." --Robert J. Czerniak, Professor and Chair of Geography, New Mexico State University The Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo, which officially ended the U.S.-Mexican War in 1848, cost Mexico half its territory, while the United States gained land that became California, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. Because the new United States-Mexico border ran through territory that was still incompletely mapped, the treaty also called for government commissions from both nations to locate and mark the boundary on the ground. This book documents the accomplishments of both the U.S. and the Mexican Boundary Commissions that mapped the boundary between 1849 and 1857, as well as the fifty-four pairs of maps produced by their efforts and the ongoing importance of these historical maps in current boundary administration. Paula Rebert explores how, despite the efforts of both commissions to draw neutral, scientific maps, the actual maps that resulted from their efforts reflected the differing goals and outlooks of the two countries. She also traces how the differences between the U.S. and Mexican maps have had important consequences for the history of the boundary.