This publication reproduces the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the nine core international human rights treaties and their optional protocols in a user-friendly format to make them more accessible, in particular to government officials, civil society, human rights defenders, legal practitioners, scholars, individual citizens and others with an interest in human rights norms and standards.

Cartographer's Toolkit is like a big cheat-sheet for cartography. Its three chapters: Colors, Typography, and Composition Patterns build from individual map components to cohesive cartographic constructions. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction explaining relevant theory, key definitions, and usage suggestions. The pages that follow each introduction provide an abundance of visual demonstrations that are the basis for the tools in the toolkit. The book contains: Colors: 30 color palettes of 10 colors each, in 3 categories: coordinated palettes, color ramps, and differentiated; Typography: 50 typefaces showcased in 3 categories: standard, free, and for-fee; and Composition Patterns: 28 patterns, illustrated with 36 maps by many of today's leading cartographers. Here you will find design tools for the advanced cartographer-and those who wish to become advanced cartographers-for producing the high-level static and interactive maps required in our current innovative environment. The information presented in this book, along with the more fundamental cartography theory in the author's first book, GIS Cartography: A Guide to Effective Map Design, equips cartographers with the tools they need to perform at the top of the map making field, producing maps that are informative, inspired, and original. "Cartographer's Toolkit is an excellent new book. It focuses on real-world solutions rather than cartographic theory, and is full of ideas that will inspire new approaches and creative solutions for cartographers. I love the book's clean, accessible, no-nonsense approach." -Allen Carroll, Former Chief Cartographer at National Geographic, Esri "For any geo technology professional, would-be cartographer, and mapping aficionado, Cartographer's Toolkit is a must-have. You'll get hooked on the amazing examples, sample maps, and images that are used throughout." -Glenn Letham, Editor, GISuser.com "A book full of little cartographic nuggets." -Clint Brown, Director of Software Products, Esri Gretchen N. Peterson is the owner of the geospatial analysis firm PetersonGIS, which creates custom solutions for clients in the natural resources field and produces cartography products. Peterson is also the author of "GIS Cartography: A Guide to Effective Map Design," CRC Press, April 2009. Peterson writes a cartography blog at www.gretchenpeterson.com/blog, is on the application review committee for the GIS Certification Institute, is a co-founder of Ignite Spatial Northern Colorado, and publishes technical articles in leading geo media outlets and on www.petersongis.com. Peterson lives in Fort Collins, Colorado.

Antonio Garcia Cubas's "Carta general" of 1857, the first published map of the independent Mexican nation-state, represented the country's geographic coordinates in precise detail. The respected geographer and cartographer made mapping Mexico his life's work. Combining insights from the history of cartography and visual culture studies, Magali M. Carrera explains how Garcia Cubas fabricated credible and inspiring nationalist visual narratives for a rising sovereign nation by linking old and new visual strategies.

From the sixteenth century until the early nineteenth, Europeans had envisioned New Spain (colonial Mexico) in texts, maps, and other images. In the first decades of the 1800s, ideas about Mexican, rather than Spanish, national character and identity began to cohere in written and illustrated narratives produced by foreign travelers. During the nineteenth century, technologies and processes of visual reproduction expanded to include lithography, daguerreotype, and photography. New methods of display--such as albums, museums, exhibitions, and world fairs--signaled new ideas about spectatorship. Garcia Cubas participated in this emerging visual culture as he reconfigured geographic and cultural imagery culled from previous mapping practices and travel writing. In works such as the "Atlas geografico" (1858) and the "Atlas pintoresco e historico" (1885), he presented independent Mexico to Mexican citizens and the world.

The purpose of this field manual is to provide a standardized source document for Armywide reference on map reading and land navigation. This manual applies to every soldier in the Army regardless of service branch, MOS, or rank. This manual also contains both doctrine and training guidance on these subjects. Part One addresses map reading and Part Two, land navigation. The appendixes include a list of exportable training materials, a matrix of land navigation tasks, an introduction to orienteering, and a discussion of several devices that can assist the soldier in land navigation. Profusely illustrated throughout.

Maps are universal forms of communication, easily understood and appreciated regardless of culture or language. This truly magisterial book introduces readers to the widest range of maps ever considered in one volume: maps from different time periods and a variety of cultures; maps made for divergent purposes and depicting a range of environments; and maps that embody the famous, the important, the beautiful, the groundbreaking, and the amusing. Built around the functions of maps - the kinds of things maps do and have done - maps confirms the vital role of maps throughout history in commerce, art, literature, and national identity. The book begins by examining the use of maps for wayfinding, revealing that even maps as common and widely used as these products of historical circumstances and cultural differences. The second chapter considers maps whose makers employed the smallest of scales to envision the broadest of human stages - the world, the heavens, even the act of creation itself. The next chapter looks at maps that are, literally, at the opposite end of the scale from cosmological and world maps - maps that represent specific parts of the world and provide a close-up view of areas in which their makers lived, worked, and moved. Having shown how maps help us get around and make sense of our greater and lesser worlds, "Maps" then turns to the ways in which certain maps can be linked to particular events in history, exploring how they have helped Americans, for instance, to understand their past, cope with current events, and plan their national future. The fifth chapter considers maps that represent data from scientific instruments, population censuses, and historical records. These maps illustrate, for example, how diseases spread, what the ocean floor looks like, and how the weather is tracked and predicted. Next comes a turn to the imaginary, featuring maps that depict entire fictional worlds, from Hell to Utopia and from Middle Earth to the fantasy game World of Warcraft. The final chapter traces the origins of map consumption throughout history and ponders the impact of cartography on modern society. A companion volume to the most ambitious exhibition on the history of maps ever mounted in North America, "Maps" will challenge readers to stretch conventional thought about what constitutes a map and how many different ways we can understand graphically the environment in which we live. Collectors, historians, mapmakers and users, and anyone who has ever "gotten lost" in the lines and symbols of a map will find much to love and learn from in this book.

In view of the growing interest in maps and charts as brought about by the interrelation of countries and communities, the purpose of this publication is to supply in outline form the underlying principles of constructive cartography. It is also intended to illustrate the development of the scientific system of today and the educational value of this branch of human activities. A knowledge of the horizontal and vertical location of places and the configuration of the earth's surface are essential factors in carrying on the major activities of a nation. Such information as relates to land surfaces is given on the modern topographic map; the submarine relief and the navigational routes of travel and commerce are supplied by the nautical chart, and, in a similar manner, the needs of air travel and air commerce are served by the aeronautical chart. A nation of vast resources and industrial developments can well afford to provide maps and charts for the extension of its highways, railroads, and airways in all directions; for the harnessing of its rivers to furnish water power and irrigation; and for providing means of protection against the overflow of river banks and the encroachments of the sea upon its beaches. In the interests of navigation the mariner requires charts that supply not only the necessary accuracy in delineation and facility for use, but charts that are in keeping with the development of a nation's ports, its commerce, and the ever changing natural conditions. It is the purpose of this book to trace briefly the attempts made through the ages to depict on paper accurate geographic information which will lead to a better understanding of the terrain and the sea, their historyand relationship, their characteristics and phenomena. It will also outline what are now considered the best methods of securing and utilizing map data and to indicate how to use the maps and charts after they have been constructed and printed.

Since the last decades of the twentieth century, the circumstances surrounding map use and map making have drastically changed owing to advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs). In particular, the spread of web maps and mobile devices have altered the way people interact with maps. This book features the latest works on theoretical and practical issues of these changes by terming them "ubiquitous mapping". In particular, the book pays attention to not only the technological basis but also multidisciplinary human-social aspects. The book covers the topics of the evaluation of ICT-based technologies for context-aware mapping, the theory and application of crowd-sourced geospatial information and collaborative mapping, and both the positive and negative effects of ubiquitous mapping on human society.

The true story of Gerard Mercator, the greatest map-maker of all time, who was condemned to death as a heretic. 'Geographie and Chronologie I may call the Sunne and the Moone, the right eye and the left, of all history.' In 'The World of Gerard Mercator', Andrew Taylor chronicles both the story of a great astronomer and mathematician, who was condemned to death as a heretic, and the history of that most fascinating conjunction of science and art: the drawing of maps. Gerard Mercator was born in Flanders in 1512. In addition to creating accurate globes of the earth and the stars, he was the first person to use latitude and longitude for navigation and he created the most-used map of all time: Mercator's Projection is still the standard view of the world, the one we all envisage when we think of a map of the globe. Simply finding the best solution to the impossible challenge of reproducing the spherical world on a flat sheet of paper was a considerable achievement in itself - something geographers and map-makers had been trying to do for centuries, but Mercator also created the map of the world that would form the basis of the modern age, an image of the continents for the common man. Until Mercator's Projection, maps offered a pictorial encyclopaedia to an illiterate world, and that world stretched far beyond the knowledge and travels of most mapmakers. It is this evolution of mapmaking from art to science that forms the backdrop to the story of Mercator, from the days of Herodotus and Strabo when fabulous creatures were supposed to inhabit the fringes of the world to the great mappae mundi of Hereford and Ebsdorf. The Greek geographer Pytheas claimed to have visited the far north of Britain to establish the limits of the habitable world; but further north, he claimed that the earth, air and sea coalesced into a jellyfish-like gelatinous suspension that made life impossible. 'The World of Gerard Mercator' is a brilliantly readable and absolutely fascinating history for the general reader, describing how our worldview came into being.

An updated edition of the classic, much praised history of cartography. It traces the adventures, discoveries, and feats of technical ingenuity by which mapmakers, over the centuries, have succeeded in charting first the surface of the globe, then the earth's interior and the ocean floors, and finally the moon and the planets of our solar system. The author has added three new chapters, as well as many updates and amplifications, to reflect the great changes that have taken place in mapmaking in the past two decades.

The Mapmakers will continue to be the definitive book on this fascinating subject.'A winning chronicle of mapmakers over time and space-Wilford has combined the accounts to offer a variety of adventures and perceptions not so often well described.' Scientific American'Fascinating-Wilford manages to make everything from the discovery of the longitude to advanced laser-beam technology clear.' Newsweek 'One begins to sense how very much of what we know about the makeup of our planet has come to light just the other day as history goes-Wilford has produced a brisk intelligent history.' New York Times Book Review

"No [other] book provides such a thorough and enjoyable history of the United States-Mexico boundary, which plays a significant role in peoples' lives every day." --Robert J. Czerniak, Professor and Chair of Geography, New Mexico State University The Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo, which officially ended the U.S.-Mexican War in 1848, cost Mexico half its territory, while the United States gained land that became California, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. Because the new United States-Mexico border ran through territory that was still incompletely mapped, the treaty also called for government commissions from both nations to locate and mark the boundary on the ground. This book documents the accomplishments of both the U.S. and the Mexican Boundary Commissions that mapped the boundary between 1849 and 1857, as well as the fifty-four pairs of maps produced by their efforts and the ongoing importance of these historical maps in current boundary administration. Paula Rebert explores how, despite the efforts of both commissions to draw neutral, scientific maps, the actual maps that resulted from their efforts reflected the differing goals and outlooks of the two countries. She also traces how the differences between the U.S. and Mexican maps have had important consequences for the history of the boundary.

In this generously illustrated book, Jerry Brotton documents the dramatic changes in the nature of geographical representation which took place during the sixteenth century, explaining how much they convey about the transformation of European culture at the end of the early modern era. He examines the age's fascination with maps, charts, and globes as both texts and artifacts that provided their owners with a promise of gain, be it intellectual, political, or financial.

From the Middle Ages through most of the sixteenth century, Brotton argues, mapmakers deliberately exploited the partial, often conflicting accounts of geographically distant territories to create imaginary worlds. As long as the lands remained inaccessible, these maps and globes were politically compelling. They bolstered the authority of the imperial patrons who employed the geographers and integrated their creations into ever more grandiose rhetorics of expansion.

As the century progressed, however, geographers increasingly owed allegiance to the administrators of vast joint-stock companies that sought to exploit faraway lands and required the systematic mapping of commercially strategic territories. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, maps had begun to serve instead as scientific guides, defining objectively valid images of the world

Erudite Eyes explores the network of the Antwerp cartographer Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598), a veritable trading zone of art and erudition. Populated by such luminaries as Pieter Bruegel, Joris Hoefnagel, Justus Lipsius and Benedictus Arias Montanus, among others, this vibrant antiquarian culture yielded new knowledge about local antiquities and distant civilizations, and offered a framework for articulating art and artistic practice. These fruitful exchanges, undertaken in a spirit of friendship and collaboration, are all the more astonishing when seen against the backdrop of the ongoing wars. Based on a close reading of early modern letters, alba amicorum, printed books, manuscripts and artworks, this book situates Netherlandish art and culture between Bruegel and Rubens in a European perspective.

As the United States grew into an empire in the late nineteenth century, notions like "sea power" derived not only from fleets, bases, and decisive battles but also from a scientific effort to understand and master the ocean environment. Beginning in the early nineteenth century and concluding in the first years of the twentieth, Jason W. Smith tells the story of the rise of the U.S. Navy and the emergence of American ocean empire through its struggle to control nature. In vividly told sketches of exploration, naval officers, war, and, most significantly, the ocean environment, Smith draws together insights from environmental, maritime, military, and naval history, and the history of science and cartography, placing the U.S. Navy's scientific efforts within a broader cultural context. By recasting and deepening our understanding of the U.S. Navy and the United States at sea, Smith brings to the fore the overlooked work of naval hydrographers, surveyors, and cartographers. In the nautical chart's soundings, names, symbols, and embedded narratives, Smith recounts the largely untold story of a young nation looking to extend its power over the boundless sea.

A superbly illustrated guide to 64 maps from all around the world! From examples of medieval Mappa Mundi and the first atlas to Google Earth and maps of the moon, this captivating maps book is a must-have for all history and geography enthusiasts and explorers! Embark on a visual tour of the world's finest maps! This fascinating world atlas book: - Analyses each map visually, with the help of pull-outs and graphic close-up details - Traces the history of maps chronologically, providing a fascinating overview of cartography through the ages - Tells the story behind each map - why it was created, who it was for, and how it was achieved - Profiles key cartographers, explorers, and artists - Draws together navigation, propaganda, power, art, and politics through the world's greatest maps Maps are much more than just geographical data. They are an accurate reflection of the culture and context of different time frames in history. This remarkable geography book puts cartography on the map! It tells the stories behind great maps through stunning pull-out details and reveals how they have helped people make sense of the world. Embark on a global adventure of a lifetime with this world map book and see our planet like never before! On this mind-blowing journey, you'll encounter maps that show the way to heaven, depict lands with no sunshine and even the world ocean floor. With incredible secret stories from British historian, Jerry Brotton, and insight into how mapmakers have expressed their world views, Great Maps is a welcome addition to any armchair cartographer's bookshelf.

Maps that Made History is like a 1000-year-long journey around the world; every one of the carefully selected maps featured here has influenced the course of history in some way. This beautifully illustrated book gathers 100 marvellous old maps, each with a fascinating story to tell, from a 12th century Persian world atlas to a Soviet spy map. These maps were used to resolve conflicts, situate battles, construct a road or a canal, establish important shipping routes, even as propaganda tools. All the maps are reproduced in an oversized format, while accompanying text from an experienced team of historians explains the importance of each one.

In the nineteenth century, Americans began to use maps in radically new ways. For the first time, medical men mapped diseases to understand and prevent epidemics, natural scientists mapped climate and rainfall to uncover weather patterns, educators mapped the past to foster national loyalty among students, and Northerners mapped slavery to assess the power of the South. After the Civil War, federal agencies embraced statistical and thematic mapping in order to profile the ethnic, racial, economic, moral, and physical attributes of a reunified nation. By the end of the century, Congress had authorized a national archive of maps, an explicit recognition that old maps were not relics to be discarded but unique records of the nation's past. All of these experiments involved the realization that maps were not just illustrations of data, but visual tools that were uniquely equipped to convey complex ideas and information. In "Mapping the Nation", Susan Schulten charts how maps of epidemic disease, slavery, census statistics, the environment, and the past demonstrated the analytical potential of cartography, and in the process transformed the very meaning of a map. Today, statistical and thematic maps are so ubiquitous that we take for granted that data will be arranged cartographically. Whether for urban planning, public health, marketing, or political strategy, maps have become everyday tools of social organization, governance, and economics. The world we inhabit-saturated with maps and graphic information-grew out of this sea change in spatial thought and representation in the nineteenth century, when Americans learned to see themselves and their nation in new dimensions.

Manchester is one the world's most iconic cities. Not only was it the first industrial city, it can claim to be the first post-industrial city. This book uses historic maps and unpublished and original plans to chart the dramatic growth and transformation of Manchester as it grew rich on its cotton trade from the late 18th century, experienced periods of boom and bust through the Victorian period, and began its post-industrial transformation in the 20th century. The Peterloo Massacre, the Bridgewater Canal, the railway revolution, Trafford Park industrial estate, the Ship Canal, Belle Vue theme park, Wythenshawe garden city, the 1996 IRA bomb, Coronation Street, iconic football stadiums, and MediaCity are just some of the events and places that have put Manchester on the world's perceptual map and are explored through a wealth of published and unpublished maps and plans in this sumptuously illustrated cartographic history.

Founded by the British Cartographic Society (BCS) and first published in June 1964, The Cartographic Journal was the first general distribution English language journal in cartography. This volume of classic papers and accompanying invited reflections brings together some of the key papers to celebrate 50 years of publication. It is a celebration of The Cartographic Journal and of the work that scholars, cartographers and map-makers have published which have made it the foremost international journal of cartography. The intention here is to bring a flavor of the breadth of the journal in one volume spanning the history to date. As a reference work it highlights some of the very best work and, perhaps, allows readers to discover or re-discover a paper from the annals. As we constantly strive for new work and new insights we mustn t ignore the vast repository of material that has gone before. It is this that has shaped cartography as it exists today and as new research contributes to the discipline, which will continue to do so."

Lauded for its accessibility and beautiful design, this text has given thousands of students and professionals the tools to create effective, compelling maps. Using a wealth of illustrations--with 74 in full color--to elucidate each concisely presented point, the revised and updated third edition continues to emphasize how design choices relate to the reasons for making a map and its intended purpose. All components of map making are covered: titles, labels, legends, visual hierarchy, font selection, how to turn phenomena into visual data, data organization, symbolization, and more. Innovative pedagogical features include a short graphic novella, good design/poor design map examples, end-of-chapter suggestions for further reading, and an annotated map examplar that runs throughout the book. New to This Edition *Expanded coverage of using mobile digital devices to collect data for maps, including discussions of location services and locational privacy. *New and revised topics: how to do sketch maps, how map categories and symbols have changed over time, designing maps on desktop computers and mobile devices, human perception and color, and more. *Separate, expanded chapter on map symbol abstraction. *Additional case studies of compelling phenomena such as children's traffic fatalities based on race, the spread of tropical diseases, and the 2012 presidential election. *Many additional color illustrations.

This authoritative, reader-friendly text presents core principles of good map design that apply regardless of production methods or technical approach. The book addresses the crucial questions that arise at each step of making a map: Who is the audience? What is the purpose of the map? Where and how will it be used? Students get the knowledge needed to make sound decisions about data, typography, color, projections, scale, symbols, and nontraditional mapping and advanced visualization techniques.

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Pedagogical Features:

*Over 200 illustrations (also available at the companion website as PowerPoint slides), including 23 color plates

*Suggested readings at the end of each chapter.

*Recommended Web resources.

*Instructive glossary

Table of Contents

I. Map Design

1. Introduction

2. Planning and Composition

3. Text Material and Typography

4. Color in Cartographic Design

II. Geographic and Cartographic Framework

5. Scale, Compilation, and Generalization

6. The Earth's Graticule and Projections

III. Symbolization

7. Basics of Symbolization

8. Symbolizing Geographic Data

9. Multivariate Mapping

IV. Nontraditional Mapping

10. Cartograms and Diagrams

11. Continuity and Change in the Computer Era

V. Critique of Maps

12. Putting It All Together

Appendix A. Commonly Used Projections

Appendix B. Resources

Appendix C. Glossary

A celebratory look back at one hundred years of passenger flight, featuring full-colour reproductions of route maps and posters from the world's most iconic airlines From the first faltering flights over plains, water, and mountains to the vast networks of today, air travel has transformed the world and how people see it. Maps played their part in showing what was possible and who was offering new opportunities. As tiny operations with barely serviceable airplanes pushed out farther and farther, growing and merging to form massive global empires, so the scope of their maps became bigger and bolder, until the entire world was shrunk down to a single sheet of paper. Designs featured sumptuous Art Deco style, intricate artistry, bold modernism, 60s psychedelia, clever photography, and even underground map-style diagrams. For the first time, Mark Ovenden and Maxwell Roberts chart the development of the airline map, and in doing so tell the story of a century of cartography, civil aviation, graphic design and marketing. Airline Maps is a visual feast that reminds the reader that mapping the journey is an essential part of arriving at the destination.

Renaissance Galway is the next ancillary publication from the Irish Historic Towns Atlas. The subject of the book is the remarkable 'pictorial map' of Galway, which was produced in the mid-seventeenth century. It offers a bird's eye view of Galway city at this time and presents insights into the cultural, sociopolitical and religious outlook of the local ruling elite - the so-called 'tribes' of Galway. Originally intended as a wall hanging, it was produced to impress and remains a centrepiece of Galway's visual history. Only two copies of the original printed map are known to exist and it is the well-preserved version from Trinity College, Dublin that is reproduced in Renaissance Galway. Following the format of previous map-guides from the Irish Historic Towns Atlas, the book presents carefully selected extracts from the pictorial map, each accompanied by a commentary. These range from descriptions of particular buildings or areas, to aspects of everyday life that are revealed in the map. In an introductory essay, the author ponders the many mysteries that continue to surround the pictorial map of Galway - its origins, compilers and purpose. Together the map extracts and accompanying texts offer a new perspective - a window into the culture and mindset of Galway's mid-seventeenth century ruling Catholic elite. The modern viewer is invited to inhabit the world of 'Renaissance Galway'. The Irish Historic Towns Atlas is a research project of the Royal Irish Academy and is part of a wider European scheme. www.ihta.ie