The third edition of this handbook is designed to provide a broad coverage of the concepts, implementations, and applications in metaheuristics. The book's chapters serve as stand-alone presentations giving both the necessary underpinnings as well as practical guides for implementation. The nature of metaheuristics invites an analyst to modify basic methods in response to problem characteristics, past experiences, and personal preferences, and the chapters in this handbook are designed to facilitate this process as well. This new edition has been fully revised and features new chapters on swarm intelligence and automated design of metaheuristics from flexible algorithm frameworks. The authors who have contributed to this volume represent leading figures from the metaheuristic community and are responsible for pioneering contributions to the fields they write about. Their collective work has significantly enriched the field of optimization in general and combinatorial optimization in particular.Metaheuristics are solution methods that orchestrate an interaction between local improvement procedures and higher level strategies to create a process capable of escaping from local optima and performing a robust search of a solution space. In addition, many new and exciting developments and extensions have been observed in the last few years. Hybrids of metaheuristics with other optimization techniques, like branch-and-bound, mathematical programming or constraint programming are also increasingly popular. On the front of applications, metaheuristics are now used to find high-quality solutions to an ever-growing number of complex, ill-defined real-world problems, in particular combinatorial ones. This handbook should continue to be a great reference for researchers, graduate students, as well as practitioners interested in metaheuristics.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become pervasive in most areas of research and applications. While computation can significantly reduce mental efforts for complex problem solving, effective computer algorithms allow continuous improvement of AI tools to handle complexity-in both time and memory requirements-for machine learning in large datasets. Meanwhile, data science is an evolving scientific discipline that strives to overcome the hindrance of traditional skills that are too limited to enable scientific discovery when leveraging research outcomes. Solutions to many problems in medicine and life science, which cannot be answered by these conventional approaches, are urgently needed for society. This edited book attempts to report recent advances in the complementary domains of AI, computation, and data science with applications in medicine and life science. The benefits to the reader are manifold as researchers from similar or different fields can be aware of advanced developments and novel applications that can be useful for either immediate implementations or future scientific pursuit. Features: Considers recent advances in AI, computation, and data science for solving complex problems in medicine, physiology, biology, chemistry, and biochemistry Provides recent developments in three evolving key areas and their complementary combinations: AI, computation, and data science Reports on applications in medicine and physiology, including cancer, neuroscience, and digital pathology Examines applications in life science, including systems biology, biochemistry, and even food technology This unique book, representing research from a team of international contributors, has not only real utility in academia for those in the medical and life sciences communities, but also a much wider readership from industry, science, and other areas of technology and education.

The topics in this volume include the ideas of mathematicians, physicists and chemists in the area of multiparticle scattering theory. Scattering theory (or collision theory as it is often called) is a fundamental area of theory and computation in both physics and chemistry. The correct formulation of scattering theory for two-body collisions is now well worked out, but systems with three or more particles still present fundamental unmet challenges, both in the formulations of the problem and in the interpretation of computational results. A key issue in the mathematical foundations is asymptotic completeness, which says that any state of a quantum system is a superposition of bound and scattering states. Key issues on the physical side are concerned with boundary conditions, electromagnetic fields, effective potentials and resonances.

This book provides practical applications of doubly classified models by using R syntax to generate the models. It also presents these models in symbolic tables so as to cater to those who are not mathematically inclined, while numerous examples throughout the book illustrate the concepts and their applications. For those who are not aware of this modeling approach, it serves as a good starting point to acquire a basic understanding of doubly classified models. It is also a valuable resource for academics, postgraduate students, undergraduates, data analysts and researchers who are interested in examining square contingency tables.

This book provides detailed descriptions of big data solutions for activity detection and forecasting of very large numbers of moving entities spread across large geographical areas. It presents state-of-the-art methods for processing, managing, detecting and predicting trajectories and important events related to moving entities, together with advanced visual analytics methods, over multiple heterogeneous, voluminous, fluctuating and noisy data streams from moving entities, correlating them with data from archived data sources expressing e.g. entities' characteristics, geographical information, mobility patterns, mobility regulations and intentional data. The book is divided into six parts: Part I discusses the motivation and background of mobility forecasting supported by trajectory-oriented analytics, and includes specific problems and challenges in the aviation (air-traffic management) and the maritime domains. Part II focuses on big data quality assessment and processing, and presents novel technologies suitable for mobility analytics components. Next, Part III describes solutions toward processing and managing big spatio-temporal data, particularly enriching data streams and integrating streamed and archival data to provide coherent views of mobility, and storing of integrated mobility data in large distributed knowledge graphs for efficient query-answering. Part IV focuses on mobility analytics methods exploiting (online) processed, synopsized and enriched data streams as well as (offline) integrated, archived mobility data, and highlights future location and trajectory prediction methods, distinguishing between short-term and more challenging long-term predictions. Part V examines how methods addressing data management, data processing and mobility analytics are integrated in big data architectures with distinctive characteristics compared to other known big data paradigmatic architectures. Lastly, Part VI covers important ethical issues that research on mobility analytics should address. Providing novel approaches and methodologies related to mobility detection and forecasting needs based on big data exploration, processing, storage, and analysis, this book will appeal to computer scientists and stakeholders in various application domains.

This book covers methods of Mathematical Morphology to model and simulate random sets and functions (scalar and multivariate). The introduced models concern many physical situations in heterogeneous media, where a probabilistic approach is required, like fracture statistics of materials, scaling up of permeability in porous media, electron microscopy images (including multispectral images), rough surfaces, multi-component composites, biological tissues, textures for image coding and synthesis. The common feature of these random structures is their domain of definition in n dimensions, requiring more general models than standard Stochastic Processes.The main topics of the book cover an introduction to the theory of random sets, random space tessellations, Boolean random sets and functions, space-time random sets and functions (Dead Leaves, Sequential Alternate models, Reaction-Diffusion), prediction of effective properties of random media, and probabilistic fracture theories.

This book presents the state of the art in High Performance Computing on modern supercomputer architectures. It addresses trends in hardware and software development in general, as well as the future of High Performance Computing systems and heterogeneous architectures. The contributions cover a broad range of topics, from improved system management to Computational Fluid Dynamics, High Performance Data Analytics, and novel mathematical approaches for large-scale systems. In addition, they explore innovative fields like coupled multi-physics and multi-scale simulations. All contributions are based on selected papers presented at the 24th Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance, held at the University of Stuttgart's High Performance Computing Center in Stuttgart, Germany in December 2016 and the subsequent Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance, held at the Cyberscience Center, Tohoku University, Japan in March 2017.

This is the proceedings of ARK 2018, the 16th International Symposium on Advances in Robot Kinematics, that was organized by the Group of Robotics, Automation and Biomechanics (GRAB) from the University of Bologna, Italy. ARK are international symposia of the highest level organized every two years since 1988. ARK provides a forum for researchers working in robot kinematics and stimulates new directions of research by forging links between robot kinematics and other areas.The main topics of the symposium of 2018 were: kinematic analysis of robots, robot modeling and simulation, kinematic design of robots, kinematics in robot control, theories and methods in kinematics, singularity analysis, kinematic problems in parallel robots, redundant robots, cable robots, over-constrained linkages, kinematics in biological systems, humanoid robots and humanoid subsystems.

This book includes review articles in the field of elliptic integrals, elliptic functions and modular forms intending to foster the discussion between theoretical physicists working on higher loop calculations and mathematicians working in the field of modular forms and functions and analytic solutions of higher order differential and difference equations.

Classical harmonic analysis is an important part of modern physics and mathematics, comparable in its significance with calculus. Created in the 18th and 19th centuries as a distinct mathematical discipline it continued to develop, conquering new unexpected areas and producing impressive applications to a multitude of problems. It is widely understood that the explanation of this miraculous power stems from group theoretic ideas underlying practically everything in harmonic analysis. This book is an unusual combination of the general and abstract group theoretic approach with a wealth of very concrete topics attractive to everybody interested in mathematics. Mathematical literature on harmonic analysis abounds in books of more or less abstract or concrete kind, but the lucky combination as in this volume can hardly be found.

Chemistry, physics and biology are by their nature genuinely difficult. Mathematics, however, is man-made, and therefore not as complicated. Two ideas form the basis for this book: 1) to use ordinary mathematics to describe the simplicity in the structure of mathematics and 2) to develop new branches of mathematics to describe natural sciences.

Mathematics can be described as the addition, subtraction or multiplication of planes. Using the exponential scale the authors show that the addition of planes gives the polyhedra, or any solid. The substraction of planes gives saddles. The multiplication of planes gives the general saddle equations and the multispirals. The equation of symmetry is derived, which contains the exponential scale with its functions for solids, the complex exponentials with the nodal surfaces, and the GD (Gauss Distribution) mathematics with finite periodicity.

Piece by piece, the authors have found mathematical functions for the geometrical descriptions of chemical structures and the structure building operations. Using the mathematics for dilatation; twins, trillings, fourlings and sixlings are made, and using GD mathematics these are made periodic. This description of a structure is the nature of mathematics itself. Crystal structures and 3D mathematics are synonyms. Mathematics are used to describe rod packings, Olympic rings and defects in solids. Giant molecules such as cubosomes, the DNA double helix, and certain building blocks in protein structures are also described mathematically.

This book offers a complete guide to designing Linear Fresnel Reflector Systems for concentrating solar radiation. It includes theoretical analyses, computational tools and mathematical formulae to facilitate the development, design, construction and application of these systems. In addition, the book presents a concise yet thorough treatment of the theory behind these systems, and provides useful and efficient calculation procedures that can be used to model and develop their practical applications. Along with the theoretical analyses provided in the book, the physical background is explained using mathematical formulae, illustrations, graphs and tables. Methods are presented for solving the non-linear mathematical systems that describe a significant variety of cases. In addition, MATLAB codes are supplied (both in the text and online). Consequently, readers interested in applying the methodology presented here will have all the source codes at hand, allowing them to easily expand on them by introducing appropriate modifications for their respective design configuration. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to engineers and researchers, who can use their scientific background to help them develop more energy-efficient Linear Fresnel Reflector systems. It will also appeal to students studying these systems for the first time, as it supplies a comprehensive overview of their theoretical analysis and applications.

This book discusses the formalization of mathematical theories centering on complex analysis and matrix theory, covering topics such as algebraic systems, complex numbers, gauge integration, the Fourier transformation and its discrete counterpart, matrices and their transformation, inner product spaces, and function matrices. The formalization is performed using the interactive theorem prover HOL4, chiefly developed at the University of Cambridge. Many of the developments presented are now integral parts of the library of this prover. As mathematical developments continue to gain in complexity, sometimes demanding proofs of enormous sizes, formalization has proven to be invaluable in terms of obtaining real confidence in their correctness. This book provides a basis for the computer-aided verification of engineering systems constructed using the principles of complex analysis and matrix theory, as well as building blocks for the formalization of more involved mathematical theories.

The best laboratory math text on the market for almost 20 years, this title covers both the general principles of mathematics and specific equations, formulas, and calculations used for laboratory testing. It provides simple, easily understood explanations of calculations commonly used in clinical and biological laboratories. Contains more than 1000 practice problems.

This state of the art book takes an applications based approach to teaching mathematics to engineering and applied sciences students. The book lays emphasis on associating mathematical concepts with their physical counterparts, training students of engineering in mathematics to help them learn how things work. The book covers the concepts of number systems, algebra equations and calculus through discussions on mathematics and physics, discussing their intertwined history in a chronological order. The book includes examples, homework problems, and exercises. This book can be used to teach a first course in engineering mathematics or as a refresher on basic mathematical physics. Besides serving as core textbook, this book will also appeal to undergraduate students with cross-disciplinary interests as a supplementary text or reader.

The first World Meeting for Women in Mathematics - (WM)(2) - was a satellite event of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) 2018 in Rio de Janeiro. With a focus on Latin America, the first (WM)(2) brought together mathematicians from all over the world to celebrate women mathematicians, and also to reflect on gender issues in mathematics, challenges, initiatives, and perspectives for the future. Its activities were complemented by a panel discussion organized by the Committee for Women in Mathematics (CWM) of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) inside the ICM 2018 entitled "The gender gap in mathematical and natural sciences from a historical perspective". This historical proceedings book, organized by CWM in coordination with the Association for Women in Mathematics, records the first (WM)(2) and the CWM panel discussion at ICM 2018. The first part of the volume includes a report of activities with pictures of the first (WM)(2) and a tribute to Maryam Mirzakhani, the first woman to be awarded the Fields medal. It also comprises survey research papers from invited lecturers, which provide panoramic views of different fields in pure and applied mathematics. The second part of the book contains articles from the panelists of the CWM panel discussion, which consider the historical context of the gender gap in mathematics. It includes an analysis of women lecturers in the ICM since its inception. This book is dedicated to the memory of Maryam Mirzakhani.

The book is centered around the research areas of combinatorics, special functions, and computer algebra. What these research fields share is that many of their outstanding results do not only have applications in Mathematics, but also other disciplines, such as computer science, physics, chemistry, etc. A particular charm of these areas is how they interact and influence one another. For instance, combinatorial or special functions' techniques have motivated the development of new symbolic algorithms. In particular, first proofs of challenging problems in combinatorics and special functions were derived by making essential use of computer algebra. This book addresses these interdisciplinary aspects. Algorithmic aspects are emphasized and the corresponding software packages for concrete problem solving are introduced. Readers will range from graduate students, researchers to practitioners who are interested in solving concrete problems within mathematics and other research disciplines.

Branches of mathematics and advanced mathematical algorithms can help solve daily problems throughout various fields of applied sciences. Domains like economics, mechanical engineering, and multi-person decision making benefit from the inclusion of mathematics to maximize utility and cooperation across disciplines. There is a need for studies seeking to understand the theories and practice of using differential mathematics to increase efficiency and order in the modern world. Emerging Applications of Differential Equations and Game Theory is a collection of innovative research that examines the recent advancements on interdisciplinary areas of applied mathematics. While highlighting topics such as artificial neuron networks, stochastic optimization, and dynamical systems, this publication is ideally designed for engineers, cryptologists, economists, computer scientists, business managers, mathematicians, mechanics, academicians, researchers, and students.

Discrete-Time and Discrete-Space Dynamical Systems provides a systematic characterization of the similarities and differences of several types of discrete-time and discrete-space dynamical systems, including: Boolean control networks; nondeterministic finite-transition systems; finite automata; labelled Petri nets; and cellular automata. The book's perspective is primarily based on topological properties though it also employs semitensor-product and graph-theoretic methods where appropriate. It presents a series of fundamental results: invertibility, observability, detectability, reversiblity, etc., with applications to systems biology. Academic researchers with backgrounds in applied mathematics, engineering or computer science and practising engineers working with discrete-time and discrete-space systems will find this book a helpful source of new understanding for this increasingly important class of systems. The basic results to be found within are of fundamental importance for further study of related problems such as automated synthesis and safety control in cyber-physical systems using formal methods.

This book concentrates on the topic of evaluation of Jacobians in some specific linear as well as nonlinear matrix transformations, in the real and complex cases, which are widely applied in the statistical, physical, engineering, biological and social sciences. It aims to develop some techniques systematically so that anyone with a little exposure to multivariable calculus can easily follow the steps and understand the various methods by which the Jacobians in complicated matrix transformations are evaluated. The material is developed slowly, with lots of worked examples, aimed at self-study. Some exercises are also given, at the end of each section.The book is a valuable reference for statisticians, engineers, physicists, econometricians, applied mathematicians and people working in many other areas. It can be used for a one-semester graduate level course on Jacobians and functions of matrix argument.

This book presents the latest findings on train operation theories and methods in the context of emergencies. It examines and assesses a range of aspects-including the definition of a railway emergency, transport organization modes in emergencies, calculating railway transport capacity in emergencies, line planning in emergencies, train re-pathing in emergencies and train re-scheduling in emergencies-that are urgently needed in the railway transportation field, which faces the serious challenge of dealing with emergencies worldwide. The book highlights the latest research results in an integrated and systematic way, and the methodology presented is oriented on real-world problems, allowing it to be used not only directly in railway operational management, but also as the point of departure for further applications or theoretical research. As such, the book will be of considerable interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of traffic and transportation engineering.>

When trying to solve a complex, seemingly unsolvable problem, electrical engineers sometimes just need to start at the very beginning of the problem. To arrive at a solution, they have to go back to the basics and examine the mathematical rules, laws, and formulas that are at the root of every electrical engineering problem. This is why engineers need the Mathematical Handbook for Electrical Engineers. Written by electrical engineers, specifically for electrical engineers, this valuable resource presents the most common mathematical techniques used for problem solving and computer-aided analysis. It concisely, clearly, and easily explains the essential mathematics engineers use everyday on the job, and also serves as a time-saving reference for students. Examples are taken from a wide variety of electrical engineering disciplines, including circuits, devices and systems, antennas and propagation, waveforms and signal processing, and stochastic radio engineering.

This book uses Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophical methodology to solve a problem that has perplexed thinkers for thousands of years: 'how come (abstract) mathematics applies so wonderfully well to the (concrete, physical) world?' The book is distinctive in several ways. First, it gives the reader a route into understanding important features of Wittgenstein's writings and lectures by using his methodology to tackle this long-standing and seemingly intractable philosophical problem. More than this, though, it offers an outline of important (sometimes little-known) aspects of the development of mathematical thought through the ages, and an engagement of Wittgenstein's philosophy with this and with contemporary philosophy of mathematics on its own terms. A clear overview of all this in the context of Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics is interesting in its own right; it is also just what is needed to solve the problem of mathematics and world.

From the reviews: "A unique feature of this book is the nice blend of engineering vividness and mathematical rigour. [...] The authors are to be congratulated for their valuable contribution to the literature in the area of theoretical thermoelasticity and vibration of plates." Journal of Sound and Vibration

This book proposes new technologies and discusses future solutions for ICT design infrastructures, as reflected in high-quality papers presented at the 5th International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development (ICT4SD 2020), held in Goa, India, on 23-24 July 2020. The conference provided a valuable forum for cutting-edge research discussions among pioneering researchers, scientists, industrial engineers, and students from all around the world. Bringing together experts from different countries, the book explores a range of central issues from an international perspective.