An extremely useful text for research Internationally renowned experts describe the models, provide data obtained with those models, and discuss the relative usefulness of models in relation to the diabetic syndrome in humans. The first section examines the most widely used model, the streptozotocin (STZ) rat, condensing a massive quantity of literature to present both the general effects of of STZ diabetes and the effects on individual organ systems. The second section discusses less well-known and more recent diabetic models, such as the BB rat, the NOD mouse and Zucker and Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat models.
Genetic models of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are examined and compared to chemically induced IDDM models.

Proper nutrition is the single most important component of preventative health care. Heart disease, diabetes, and other ailments are all linked to dietary habits. Accurate nutritional assessment can be a matter of life or death.
Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status explores the expanded number of nutrients that can now be evaluated. The author makes a compelling case for the practice and advancement of this critical health care tool. Nutritional assessment identifies undernutrition, overnutrition, specific nutrition deficiencies, and imbalances. Diligent assessment determines the appropriate nutrition intervention and monitors its effects.
This book is a total revision of the 1974 version of the same title co -authored by Sauberlich. Since then, remarkable progress has been made on the methodologies applicable to nutrition status assessment and to the expanded number of nutrients that can be evaluated, especially trace elements. The introduction of high-performance liquid chromatography, amperometric detectors, and other technologies has advanced nutritional assessment by leaps and bounds. Today, nutritionists can gauge the value of microminerals, trace elements, and ultratrace elements. Sauberlich's revision updates the reader to the latest and most important trends in nutrition. These laboratory methods for the assessment of nutritional status are vital for identifying individuals as well as populations with nutritional risks.

Gerontological research is currently of great interest due to ever-increasing longevity of human life spans. Created to provide researchers and scientists with the technical methods essential to their work, Methods in Aging Research is a practical bench-top guide for everyone who plans, designs, or conducts research in aging. It highlights experimental procedures that are key to the investigation of the biological aging phenomena.
Methods in Aging Research is a state-of-the-art reference that offers the most direct and clear cut descriptions available of methodological procedures used in aging research. Methods and protocols are critically evaluated and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are explored. More than 70 expert contributors from around the world share their combined knowledge on a broad range of topics essential to everyone involved in cultivating and developing the gerontological research frontier.

The Fifth Edition of the bestselling Utilization-Focused Evaluation provides expert, detailed advice on conducting evaluations that promote effective use of the findings. Chock full of useful pedagogy, this book presents Michael Quinn Patton's distinctive opinions based on more than forty years of experience, and also the expertise of new co-author Charmagne E. Campbell-Patton. The authors begin by describing the essence of utilization-focused evaluation, and then outline 10 operating principles. They conclude with chapters focused on how evaluation can be used to promote a more thoughtful, equitable, and sustainable world. Richly illustrated with examples, figures, and cartoons, this engaging text shows readers how to design and conduct evaluations that provide useful findings, and which contribute to a more equitable society. A companion website is available to accompany this book.

This useful reference describes the statistical planning and design of pharmaceutical experiments, covering all stages in the development process-including preformulation, formulation, process study and optimization, scale-up, and robust process and formulation development.Shows how to overcome pharmaceutical, technological, and economic constraints on experiment design!Directly comparing the advantages and disadvantages of specific techniques, Pharmaceutical Experimental DesignA* offers broad, detailed, up-to-date descriptions of designs and methods not easily accessible in other booksA* reviews screening designs for qualitative factors at different levelsA* presents designs for predictive models and their use in optimizationA* highlights optimization methods, such as steepest ascent, optimum path, canonical analysis, graphical analysis, and desirabilityA* discusses the Taguchi method for quality assurance and approaches for robust scaling up and process transferA* details nonstandard designs and mixturesA* analyzes factorial, D-optimal design, and offline quality assurance techniquesA* reveals how one experimental design evolves from anotherA* and more!Featuring over 700 references, tables, equations, and drawings, Pharmaceutical Experimental Design is suitable for industrial, research, and clinical pharmaceutical scientists, pharmacists, and pharmacologists; statisticians and biostatisticians; drug regulatory affairs personnel; biotechnologists; formulation, analytical, and synthetic chemists and engineers, quality assurance personnel; all users of statistical experimental design in research and development; and postgraduate and postdoctoral research workers in these disciplines.

Acres of Skin sheds light on a dark episode in American medical history. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, inmates at Philadelphia's Holmesburg Prison were used, in exchange for a few dollars, as guinea pigs in a host of medical experiments. Drawing on in-depth interviews with dozens of prisoners as well as the doctors and prison officials who, respectively, performed and enforced these tests, Allen M. Hornblum paints a harrowing portrait of medical abuse, moral indifference, and stark greed.
Acres of Skin raises provocative questions about human rights, prison treatment, and medical and research ethics as he exposes what really happened behind the locked doors of this American prison. The book answers the question: were there other prisons like this?

The germfree animal is reared in the laboratory to be bacteria free; its counterpart, the gnotobiotic animal, is exposed to select microorganisms. The need for such an animal model for use in biomedical studies was first expressed by Pasteur in the late 1800s. Subsequent development of germfree and gnotobiotic animals led to an explosion of studies on the effects of microflora and its components on the physiology and metabolism of the host. Germfree and Gnotobiotic Animal Models brings together the most notable points of early and recent studies and gives reference to the most pertinent literature.

This practical book provides detailed guidance on all aspects of clean room airflow, the mechanics of airflow, and how microbial contamination is carried. Ljungqvist and Reinmuller draw on years of experience in clean room design and operation. The book contains maps of the effect of human interference on unidirectional airflow and the potential for contamination. Particle challenge test methods and tracer gas detection methods are explained, and the impact and interpretation of the results obtained from these test methods are discussed. Topics include: o Dispersion of Airborne Contaminants o Contamination Risks o Wakes (including factual situations) o Open, Unidirectional Air Flow Benches (laminar flow benches) o Microbiological Assessment o Weighing Stations o Air Flow Through Openings o Mathematical Treatment of Contamination Risks o Simulation of Air Flows & Dispersion of Contaminants through Doorways in a Suite of Clean Rooms o Regulatory Requirements

Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Part Two, Volume 193 deals with the "How" in the reconfiguration of our approach to slow the progression of those suffering from diseases of accelerated brain aging. This second Handbook of Clinical Neurology volume offers a rethinking of the animal models on which therapies are tested; outlines the progress and expected changes in biological subtyping efforts using lysosomal, endosomal, mitochondrial, immune dysregulation, and inflammatory mechanisms of disease pathophysiology; and the growing role of microbiome in shaping disease and as a future target of therapeutic efforts. The volume separates the potentially disease-modifying neurorescue and neurorestoration, (e.g., gene therapy and cell replacement therapy) from true precision medicine -matching the biology of those affected with the mechanism of the intervention of interest. Specific chapters are dedicated to the promise and challenges of extracellular vesicles for both diagnosis and treatment, the growing application of digital measures and other evaluations of clinical response, the nuts and bolts of novel adaptive clinical trial designs, and the regulatory changes needed to facilitate drug development for disease-modification purposes.

Includes a revised taxonomic outline for the phyla Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Chlamydiae, Spirochetes, Fibrobacters, Fusobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Dictyoglomi, and Gemmatomonadetes based upon the SILVA project as well as a description of more than 153 genera in 29 families. Includes many medically important taxa.

Drug disasters from Thalidomide to Opren, and other less dramatic cases of drug injury, raise questions about whether the testing and control of medicines provides satisfactory protection for the public. In this revealing study, John Abrahan develops a theoretically challenging realist approach, in order to probe deeply into the work of scientists in the pharmaceutical industry and governmental drug regulatory authorities on both sides of the Atlantic. Through the examination of contemporary controversial case studies, he exposes how the commercial interest of drug manufacturers are consistently given the benefit of the scientific doubts about medicine safety and effectiveness, over and above the best interests of patients. A highly original combination of philosophical rigour, historical sensitivity and empirical depth enables the "black box" of industrial and government science to be opened up to critical scrutiny much more than in previous social scientific study. All major aspects of drug testing and regulation are considered, including pre-clinical animal tests, clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance of adverse drug reactions. The author argues that drug regulators are

From the Author's Preface
There is a growing demand for ultrapure organic compounds such as fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and basic materials for use in the polymer industry. . . . In quite a number of cases, it is difficult or impossible to manufacture ultrapure organics efficiently using conventional separation techniques such as distillation. Moreover, conventional techniques usually require large amounts of energy.
To improve the purification efficiency of organics, special techniques based on crystallization from the melt have been developed. Melt crystallization meets industry's need for a highly selective separation process for organic compounds which operates at low enough temperatures to prevent thermal degradation. Melt crystallization processes have the added advantage that they are energy-efficient and ecologically sound.
Melt crystallization techniques appear to be particularly promising for upgrading organic materials and are one of the few routes that appear to be feasible for purifying starter materials for high-tech polymers. The aim of this book is to provide basic information on melt crystallization technology. . . . This monograph consists of three parts: 1. basic principles, 2. process options, and 3. technical equipment and applicability.
This new book is the first unified guide and reference to an important chemical process technology. It is comprehensive and organized for easy reference. More than 150 diagrammatic representations, flow charts and photographs illustrate equipment and processes. More than 40 tables provide useful reference data.
The Author
Dr. Arkenbout studied chemistry at the University of Utrecht, and joined TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research. He has specialized in research on new separation processes and has had thirty of his articles on this subject published. He recently retired from the position of manager of physical separation research, but has remained active in this field through affiliations with the Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry at the University of Nijmegen, the Laboratory for Process Equipment, Delft University of Technology, and TNO.

This book will enable practitioners to understand the many complex intricacies of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and make best use of this powerful analytical tool. Providing a thorough grounding in the fundamentals of immunohistochemistry, the book includes several chapters on robotics and automation technology, giving key information on the design of machines and tips to maximise workflow efficiencies. The relationship between IHC and molecular pathology is explained clearly, demonstrating the increasing impact on personalized medicine and targeted therapies for cancer patients. The staining protocol is deconstructed, allowing the reader to adapt it for a variety of diagnostic and research applications. Written by experts at the forefront of hospital immunohistochemistry, there is a strong emphasis on practical guidance on a range of techniques as well as troubleshooting of common problems driven by the authors' experiences. Extensively illustrated with high-quality colour images, this is an invaluable resource to all pathology practitioners utilising the technique.

This book explores the PhD experience as never before and provides a "survival guide" for current and prospective PhD students. The book investigates why mental health issues are so common among the postgraduate population, going beyond the statistics, looking at lived experience of both the author and as well as current PhD students, who have found balancing mental wellness with the PhD endeavour challenging. The author discusses tips and tricks she wished she had known at the start of her PhD process for managing mental health, such as managing imposter feelings, prioritising workload, and self-care strategies to help others throughout their own journey. The book goes beyond typical mental health discussions (where the focus for improving mental health is placed on PhD students to become "more resilient") and explores some of the often unspoken environmental factors that can impact mental health. These include the PhD student-supervisor relationship, the pressure to publish, and deep systemic problems in academia, such as racism, bullying and harassment. Finally, the book is a call to action, providing tangible improvements from the author's perspective that university institutions can make to ensure that academia is a place for all to thrive.

This book is a compilation of experimentally determined solubility ranges of over 1,700 compounds in the National Toxicology Program's Chemical Repository. Each compound's solubility was determined in a consistent manner in one to six solvents. Solvents chosen were those most commonly used for toxicology studies, spill cleanups, and chemical synthesis or chemical reaction experiments. These solvents include acetone, 95% ethanol, water, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and toluene. Data for many of the research and industrial chemicals featured in this volume do not exist anywhere else. If you are a toxicologist, safety professional, industrial hygienist, or chemist, this book is a valuable reference tool you'll find yourself using every day.

Leading researchers have contributed state-of-the-art chapters to this overview of high-performance computing in biomedical research. The book includes over 30 pages of color illustrations. Some of the important topics featured in the book include the following:

Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoparticles: Applications in Wound Healing and Infection Treatment presents the state of the art among nanotechnological approaches used in the treatment of infections. This field has gained a large amount of interest over the past few years, in response to the increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. Leading researchers from around the world discuss the synthesis routes of nanobiomaterials, characterization, and their applications as antimicrobial agents. The book covers various aspects: from antiviral and antibacterial nanoparticles, to the functionalization of nanoparticles and their toxicity to human cells. This book offers an advanced reference text for biomedical engineers, materials scientists, clinicians, and biochemists, with an interest in nanomedicine and infection control.

Nursing and Healthcare Research at a Glance is perfect for nursing and healthcare students, as well as newly qualified practitioners and anyone looking for a refresher or introduction to research. Covering a broad range of topics gathered under key sections, this essential book combines informative diagrams and images to provide memorable information for students on one page, and accessible, clearly written text on the facing page. It includes information on a range of quantitative and qualitative research methods, the process of gaining ethical permission, conducting research with special groups including children, and successfully conducting reviews of the literature. Key features include: * Clear and informative full colour illustrations throughout * An emphasis on need-to-know research information for busy students and healthcare staff * A wide range of research methods, currently used in modern healthcare research * An impressive line-up of specialist and well-known experts in the field of health and nursing research This book provides quick access to the principles and reality of research and its implementation within the education and practice environment. It is essential reading for anyone in health service education and service settings with limited time who need to draw on research evidence.

PDE Modeling of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Computer Analysis in R presents the formulation and computer implementation of mathematical models for the forefront research areas of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The mathematical model discussed in this book consists of a system of eight partial differential equations (PDEs) with dependent variables. The computer-based example models are presented through routines coded in R-a quality, open-source scientific computing system that is readily available from the Internet. Formal mathematics is minimized, e.g., no theorems and proofs. Includes detailed examples that the reader can execute on modest computers.

Making Sense of Critical Appraisal provides all the necessary information on how to read and understand medical research publications critically and to decide whether the contents of such publications are clinically useful in the care of patients. Illustrated throughout with medically relevant
examples, this text covers all aspects of study design and clinical audit to give a clear framework for critical reading. Key Features: * Provides a framework for practicing evidence-based medicine *Easy-to-use exam-oriented text covers the key aspects of critical appraisal * Highly readable with
simple explanations and memorable clinical examples * Study design includes prospective, retrospective, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews * Includes a glossary of epidemiological and statistical terms and definitions * A special 'non-essential statistics' section to explore the
statistical concepts in more detail

Written by dedicated and active professionals from different areas of the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and medtech sectors, this book provides information on job and career opportunities in various life sciences industries. It also contains useful tips to launch your own startup. The pharmaceutical, biomedical and medical technology sectors offer a wide range of employment opportunities to talented and motivated young graduates. However, many of these employment prospects are not well known to early career scientists, who concentrate primarily on the scientific and academic content of their fields of interest. The book is divided into five parts: Part 1 provides an academic perspective that focuses on the specific preparation required in the final years of study to embark on a successful career in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. In Part 2, industry experts discuss employment possibilities all along the drug or product life cycle, from discovery research and development to commercialisation. Part 3 follows, highlighting opportunities in support functions such as regulatory affairs or quality assurance. Part 4 focuses on additional opportunities in the wider biomedical sector, while Part 5 contains practical tips and training opportunities for entering the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. In the epilogue, the authors reflect on this fascinating field and its career prospects. The book offers a multidisciplinary perspective on career opportunities in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industry to a wide range of students and young life scientists.

Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis: A Handbook for Healthcare Research provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles and methods that healthcare researchers need when considering, conducting or using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis projects. Written and edited by researchers with substantial experience in the field, the book details key concepts and practical guidance for each stage of an IPD meta-analysis project, alongside illustrated examples and summary learning points. Split into five parts, the book chapters take the reader through the journey from initiating and planning IPD projects to obtaining, checking, and meta-analysing IPD, and appraising and reporting findings. The book initially focuses on the synthesis of IPD from randomised trials to evaluate treatment effects, including the evaluation of participant-level effect modifiers (treatment-covariate interactions). Detailed extension is then made to specialist topics such as diagnostic test accuracy, prognostic factors, risk prediction models, and advanced statistical topics such as multivariate and network meta-analysis, power calculations, and missing data. Intended for a broad audience, the book will enable the reader to: Understand the advantages of the IPD approach and decide when it is needed over a conventional systematic review Recognise the scope, resources and challenges of IPD meta-analysis projects Appreciate the importance of a multi-disciplinary project team and close collaboration with the original study investigators Understand how to obtain, check, manage and harmonise IPD from multiple studies Examine risk of bias (quality) of IPD and minimise potential biases throughout the project Understand fundamental statistical methods for IPD meta-analysis, including two-stage and one-stage approaches (and their differences), and statistical software to implement them Clearly report and disseminate IPD meta-analyses to inform policy, practice and future research Critically appraise existing IPD meta-analysis projects Address specialist topics such as effect modification, multiple correlated outcomes, multiple treatment comparisons, non-linear relationships, test accuracy at multiple thresholds, multiple imputation, and developing and validating clinical prediction models Detailed examples and case studies are provided throughout.

The 'miracle drug' penicillin was first given intravenously to a patient in Oxford on 12 February 1941, leading to a transformation in the way that bacterial infection is understood and treated. What was to become one of the greatest stories in biomedical history not only had roots in Oxford, but was the latest in a line of pivotal medical discoveries made in the city. This short illustrated history chronicles the story of Oxford's contribution to science, from its medieval origins to its present status as one of the world's leading scientific institutions. In charting Oxford's remarkable history, the book showcases twenty discoveries which have shaped medical science across the centuries, with worldwide impact. In the early seventeenth century few centres could rival Oxford in the field of experimental medicine. William Harvey, Thomas Willis and Thomas Sydenham all gained eponymous immortality with their pioneering research into the circulation of the blood and the workings of the human body. In the early twentieth century Dorothy Hodgkin's development of x-ray crystallography earned her a Nobel Prize and more recently, Richard Doll's work on smoking, pioneering glucose sensors for diabetes and new treatments for haemophilia have helped save millions of lives. Great Medical Discoveries traces how these examples of groundbreaking and vital work form part of a wider tapestry of medical research, from the discovery of anaesthetics to pioneering neurosurgery, and demonstrates how such enduring contributions to medical science have helped to shape our lives, both locally and internationally.