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Books > Medicine > General issues > Medical equipment & techniques
Written by authors representing the diverse field of clinical
chemistry and diagnostics, reviews in Advances in Clinical
Chemistry cover a range of cutting-eduge research ranging from
basic biochemical exploration to microarray technology.
Technological progress has allowed us to develop devices which make it possible to record blood pressure and heart rate outside the real living conditions. Furthermore, technological progress has provided computer tools to analyse data on a beat-to-beat basis, offering a large body of information on the complex patterns of blood pressure and heart rate variability in health and in disease which has clarified a number of mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular regulation during the day and night. This book aims at providing an updated state of the art on the analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variability from the different perspectives of physiologists, clinicians and engineers by gathering the contributions of experts taken from both the biomedical and the engineering environment. In particular, attention was focused on 1) the methodology of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate analyses, 2) the mathematical models that can be derived from the data and the implications they have for the understating of normal and deranged cardiovascular control and 3) the present and future use of computer analysis of dynamically collected observations for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
This series was founded in 1959, and its focus has shifted from medicinal chemistry to a much wider scope. It now encompasses all fields concerned with the development of therapeutic drugs and the elucidation of their mechanisms of action, reflecting the increasingly complex nature of modern drugs research. Invited authors write reviews on the following fields: biology, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, immunology, pharmacy, toxicology, pharmacology, and clinical aspects. The books are linked by indexes in each volume, forming an almost encyclopaedic work.
Published since 1953, "Advances in Virus Research" covers a diverse
range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the
current field of virology. * Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
This book contains the full papers presented at the MICCAI 2013 workshop Bio-Imaging and Visualization for Patient-Customized Simulations (MWBIVPCS 2013). MWBIVPCS 2013 brought together researchers representing several fields, such as Biomechanics, Engineering, Medicine, Mathematics, Physics and Statistic. The contributions included in this book present and discuss new trends in those fields, using several methods and techniques, including the finite element method, similarity metrics, optimization processes, graphs, hidden Markov models, sensor calibration, fuzzy logic, data mining, cellular automation, active shape models, template matching and level sets. These serve as tools to address more efficiently different and timely applications involving signal and image acquisition, image processing and analysis, image segmentation, image registration and fusion, computer simulation, image based modelling, simulation and surgical planning, image guided robot assisted surgical and image based diagnosis. This book will appeal to researchers, PhD students and graduate students with multidisciplinary interests related to the areas of medical imaging, image processing and analysis, computer vision, image segmentation, image registration and fusion, scientific data visualization and image based modeling and simulation.
"In Situ Molecular Pathology and Co-Expression Analyses" explains, in easy-to-understand language, simplified waysof understanding and performing in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry tests. The book also focuses on straightforward protocols used to simultaneously detect two or more proteins/nucleic acids within intact tissue by doing co-expression analyses. The fields of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry have expanded rapidly due to the use of computer-based analysis. To get the most out of these automated platforms, researchers and diagnostic biomedical investigators must have a solid understanding of the basics of in situ-based tests, protocols, and regimens for troubleshooting. Practicing molecular pathologists, clinical chemists, and
toxicologists, as well as clinicians and researchers in training,
will benefit from this book's clear presentation of protocols and
theoretical framework.
This book presents the current state of knowledge on the origin and differentiation of cell lines involved in the development of the vertebrate male and female gonads with particular emphasis on the mouse. It also discusses the processes leading to the testis- and ovary-specific structures and functions. The individual chapters review the origin and differentiation of the somatic cells of the genital ridges; the formation and migration of primordial germ cells in mouse and man; the gonadal supporting cell lineage and mammalian sex determination; differentiation of Sertoli and granulosa cells; mesonephric cell migration into the gonads and vascularization; origin and differentiation of androgen-producing cells in the gonads; germ cell commitment to the oogenic versus spermatogenic pathway and the role of retinoic acid; ovarian folliculogenesis; control of oocyte growth and development by intercellular communication within the follicular niche; biology of the Sertoli cell in the fetal, pubertal and adult mammalian testis; mechanisms regulating spermatogonial differentiation; stem cells in mammalian gonads; the role of microRNAs in cell differentiation during gonad development; human sex development and its disorders; as well as methods for the study of gonadal development.
This entry in the series Pediatric Cancer offers comprehensive information on a variety of cancers, concentrating on brain tumors, the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. The contents are organized in seven sections: Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Rhabdoid, Sarcoma and Miscellaneous Tumors. Coverage includes pediatric medulloblastoma, and treatments including craniospinal radiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The contributors explain diagnosis and chemotherapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in pediatric lymphoma patients. Ewing's sarcoma, a highly malignant connective tissue neoplasm formed by the proliferation of mesenchymal cells, receives extensive coverage, including targeting of molecular pathways and chemotherapy and surgical treatment. The roles of apoptotic genes, MYCN gene, MDM2, and SNP309, P13K inhibitors, alternative splicing and microRNAs, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and inhibition by alu-like RNA in neuroblastoma are discussed in detail. The book explores the molecular genetics, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). Among the most common malignant neoplasms in children, AT/RT exhibits similarities with other CNS tumors, which can lead to misclassification, as pointed out in the book. The contributors discuss diagnosis of AT/RT type using imaging technology, and describe new strategies, including intensive multimodal therapy and high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation that have shown improved outcomes. Coverage of therapies includes total resection followed by aggressive chemotherapy and radiation. Discussion includes diagnosis and treatment of other pediatric tumors including adrenocortical tumors, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, giant midline tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, ependymomas and intramedullary cavernoma. Pediatric Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, Volume 4 includes contributions by ninety-one contributors - oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists and pathologists - representing thirteen countries. The editor, M.A. Hayat, is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA.
This book covers the most recent advances in using nanoparticles for biomedical imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), nuclear medicine, ultrasound (US) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and optical imaging. Topics include nanoparticles for MRI and MPI, siRNA delivery, theranostic nanoparticles for PET imaging of drug delivery, US nanoparticles for imaging drug delivery, inorganic nanoparticles for targeted CT imaging, and quantum dots for optical imaging. This book serves as a valuable resource for the fundamental science of diagnostic nanoparticles and their interactions with biological targets, providing a practical handbook for improved detection of disease and its clinical implementation.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) are part of the hottest new wave of biomedical research and development today. This uniquely applications-focused book enables bio-device designers to reach new levels of success, with state-of-the-art coverage of everything from MEMS/NEMS design and fabrication to the most advanced breakthroughs in the bio-manipulation of cells and genes. Showcasing the work of leading international experts, this trail-blazing book explains the synthesis and use of metal nanoparticles in bio-sensing and drug delivery applications, including quantum dots. It explores in detail various micro and nano manipulation tools and techniques, including manipulators and endoscopes for microsurgery, in-vitro and in-vivo imaging diagnostics, and optical nano-surgery of subcellular components.
Nonclinical Study Contracting and Monitoring: A Practical Guide
offers a systematic and straightforward handbook for obtaining high
quality preclinical Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) studies. This
book is full of real-world examples, processes, procedures, useful
templates, checklists and sample reports to provide readers with a
better understanding of exactly what happens during all stages of a
GLP study and the critical aspects of GLP study design and conduct.
Designed for both the novice and experienced scientist, this book
covers the GLP regulations and how they impact preclinical studies,
the differences between GLP, non-GLP and peer-reviewed studies,
preclinical GLP study design, laboratory selection, contracts and
business ethics, how to obtain test material for the study, animal
sourcing and release for study, preparation of a draft report and
much more. By illustrating the overall big picture and tying it
together with the individual steps, this book is an essential
resource to help scientists ensure a high quality GLP study that
passes both scientific and regulatory scrutiny. Contains several real world examples of problems in preclinical studies to provide you with an idea of the types of challenges that are routinely encountered and how this book can help you avoid these issues. Provides monitoring checklists through the book that will help you comply with each GLP requirement and maintain compliance throughout the entire process. Both entry level and experienced scientists involved in nonclinical toxicology study monitoring will benefit from the ideas, examples, discussions and strategies presented throughout this book.
Recent findings have implied a distinct therapeutic potential for drugs targeting Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in a wide variety of diseases, many with no existing satisfactory treatment options. Thus, the TRP superfamily of ion channels has attracted a great deal of well-deserved attention. TRP Channels in Drug Discovery provides a thorough collection of the most up-to-date reviews and protocols on the subject, coming from top experts in the field. Volume II presents a practical methodologies involving models for disorders of the cardiovascular system, the brain, skin, the metabolic system, as well as colitis, cancer, thermosensation, and musculoskeletal disorders. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology(t) series, this work includes the kind of detailed description and key implementation advice that ensures successful results in the lab. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, TRP Channels in Drug Discovery serves as an ideal reference for graduate students in academic laboratories as well as for pharmaceutical scientists developing new drugs and clinicians interested in novel drugs in the pipeline.
This volume explores recent advances in the use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs) in basic and clinical applications. The chapters discuss use of PSCs for drug screening, genome editing, modeling of kidney, motor neuron diseases, and diabetes as well as their application in cancer; ASCs are discussed in the contexts of banking of umbilical cord stem cells, use of multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) for bone repair, cellular interactions during fracture repair stages, and therapeutic applications of neural crest stem cells and lung stem cells. The text is organized by sections dealing with PSCs and ASCs specifically, presenting the reader with a comprehensive examination of both these forms of stem cells. Expertly authored and drawing from a wealth of international perspectives, Recent Advances in Stem Cells: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications presents a succinct yet detailed review of cutting-edge research in this rapidly expanding field. This installment of Springer's Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series is essential reading for academics, researchers, and clinicians in the fields of cell biology, genetics, nephrology, osteology, oncology, and pulmonology.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) play an integral role in biomedical research, enabling researchers to examine physiological mechanisms and pathways relevant to human pathogenesis and its therapy. That, along with their low cost, easy manipulation, short reproductive cycles, and physiological homology to humans, has made zebrafish a vital model organism for neuroscience research. Zebrafish Protocols for Neurobehavioral Research addresses protocols for both larval and adult models, written by the leading experts in the field of zebrafish research. Part I of this book takes advantage of the high-throughput nature of larval models to offer protocols for research requiring high output, easily manipulated screens. The second half of the book focuses on the robust and sophisticated behaviors of adult zebrafish, suitable for the neurophenotyping of complex traits and multi-domain disorders. Importantly, these models complement each other, working together to provide researchers with valuable insights into neurobiology of normal and pathological behavior. Thorough and cutting-edge, this volume is a useful, authoritative reference guide that should hold a coveted spot in zebrafish laboratories across the globe.
As the first primer on the effects of exercise on human hypertension, Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: From Cells to Physiological Systems provides the state-of-the-art effects of exercise on the many possible mechanisms underlying essential hypertension in humans. The book contains chapters by distinguished experts on the effects of exercise on physiological systems known to be involved in hypertension development and maintenance as well as less well known aspects of hypertension such as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure profile and oxidative stress. An emerging area, the effects of resistance exercise training on blood pressure is also covered. A unique aspect of the book is that it covers the effects of exercise mimetics on vascular cell adaptations in order to begin to elucidate some of the cellular mechanisms that may underlie blood pressure reductions with exercise training. Lastly, the book will end with a chapter on the interactive effects of genes and exercise on blood pressure. Chapters are grouped by physiological system or mechanism. The text begins with two overview chapters; one on the general effects of aerobic exercise training and the second on the general effects of resistance exercise training on blood pressure. Each chapter begins with a bulleted list of key points. Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: From Cells to Physiological Systems will be of great value to professional individuals in cardiovascular medicine, the cardiovascular sciences, allied health care professionals, and medical and graduate students in the cardiovascular sciences and medicine.
The prognosis of a disease often depends on the timing of therapeutic invention, which in turn strongly relies on a reliable and quick diagnosis. Laboratory diagnostic pathways are algorithms that give structure to the diagnostic process, thereby minimizing the risk of mistreatment, shortening the hospital stay, and lowering the cost for treatment. This book offers 70 diagnostic algorithms that lead physicians and laboratory personnel through the diagnostic process in a step-by-step fashion. In Part One, general basics, infrastructure, and economic aspects are discussed and tipps for implementation are given. Part Two introduces screening methods for cases without a suspected diagnosis as well as specific pathways for stepwise diagnosis of the most common diseases, accompanied by information on pathophysiology, preanalytical measures, implementation, and interpretation of results.
During the last years computational methods lead to new approaches that can be applied within medical practice. Based on the tremendous advances in medical imaging and high-performance computing, virtual testing is able to help in medical decision processes or implant designs. Current challenges in medicine and engineering are related to the application of computational methods to clinical medicine and the study of biological systems at different scales. Additionally manufacturers will be able to use computational tools and methods to predict the performance of their medical devices in virtual patients. The physical and animal testing procedures could be reduced by virtual prototyping of medical devices. Here simulations can enhance the performance of alternate device designs for a range of virtual patients. This will lead to a refinement of designs and to safer products. This book summarizes different aspects of approaches to enhance function, production, initialization and complications of different types of implants and related topics.
Injury is recognized as a major public health issue worldwide. In most countries, injury is the leading cause of death and disability for children and young adults age 1 to 39 years. Each year in the United States, injury claims about 170,000 lives and results in over 30 million emergency room visits and 2.5 million hospitalizations. Injury is medically defined as organ/tissue damages inflicted upon oneself or by an external agent either accidentally or deliberately. Injury encompasses the undesirable consequences of a wide array of events, such as motor vehicle crashes, poisoning, burns, falls, and drowning, medical error, adverse effects of drugs, suicide and homicide. The past two decades have witnessed a remarkable growth in injury research, both in scope and in depth. To address the tremendous health burden of injury morbidity and mortality at the global level, the World Health Organization in 2000 created the Department of Injury and Violence Prevention, which has produced several influential reports on violence, traffic injury, and childhood injury. The biennial World Conference on Injury Control and Safety Promotion attracts a large international audience and has been successfully convened nine times in different countries. In the United States, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control became an independent program of the federal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control in 1997. Since then, each state health department has created an office in charge of injury prevention activities and over a dozen universities have established injury control research centers. This volume will fill an important gap in the scientific literature by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date reference resource to researchers, practitioners, and students working on different aspects of the injury problem and in different practice settings and academic fields.
This volume covers all aspects of the antibiotic discovery and development process through Phase II/III. The contributors, a group of highly experienced individuals in both academics and industry, include chapters on the need for new antibiotic compounds, strategies for screening for new antibiotics, sources of novel synthetic and natural antibiotics, discovery phases of lead development and optimization, and candidate compound nominations into development. Beyond discovery , the handbook will cover all of the studies to prepare for IND submission: Phase I (safety and dose ranging), progression to Phase II (efficacy), and Phase III (capturing desired initial indications). This book walks the reader through all aspects of the process, which has never been done before in a single reference. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and the increasing view that a crisis may be looming in infectious diseases, there are strong signs of renewed emphasis in antibiotic research. The purpose of the handbook is to offer a detailed overview of all aspects of the problem posed by antibiotic discovery and development.
This volume provides protocols that expand on the latest alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) research. The chapters in this book are divided in to three sections: Part I is dedicated to patient-oriented research; part II discusses animal models; and Part III focuses on in vitro studies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and clinican-scientists interested in AAT deficiency, as well as anyone working in the fields of pulmonology and hepatology.
Expert authors provide critical, in-depth reviews of available methods for retrieving selective information out of complex biological systems. Sensors, probes and devices are present and future tools of medicinal diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food analysis and molecular biology. These are based on fluorescence, electrochemistry and mass spectrometry. Coverage of this volume includes sensor development for the detection of small analytes, monitoring of biomolecular interactions, analysis of cellular function, development of diagnostic tools.
The Badgastein Lecture.- The Challenge of the 21st Century.- Neurology, Psychiatry.- First Evaluation in Humans of [123I]PE21: A Selective Radioligand for Visualization of the Striatal Dopamine Transporter Density.- Comparison of Iodine-123 labelled Nor-ss-Cit and ss-Cit as Potential Radioligands for Serotonin Transporter Imaging.- Brain Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters in Depressive Children.- Prognostic Potential of Tc-99m-ECD-SPET within 6 Hours after Onset of Stroke Symptoms.- Brain Perfusion in Patients with Severe Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) before and after n-CPAP-Therapy.- Therapy.- Radioimmunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer in Small Volume Disease: Preclinical Evaluation in Comparison To Equitoxic Chemotherapy and Preliminary Results of an Ongoing Phase-I/II Clinical Trial.- Radioimmunotherapy of Glioblastoma by Using I-131 and Y-90 Labeled Anti-tenascin Monoclonal Antibodies.- I-131-Lipiodol Therapy in Liver Neoplasms.- Individualized Dose Estimation for Sr-89 with the Use of Diagnostic Tc-99m MDP Bone Scintigraphy.- Rhenium-186-HEDP and Strontium-89-Chloride in Treatment of Metastatic Bone Pain.- The Development of Chromatographic 188W/188Re Generators for Therapy.- Radiopharmacology.- Evaluation of mRNA Targeting by Labeled Oligonucleotides for Tumor-Diagnosis.- Synthesis and Evaluation of [123I]-Iodoaminoglutethimide, a Ligand for Visualization of the Aromatase Enzyme by SPECT.- Comparative Analysis of Kinetic Models to Study Glucose Metabolism of the Brain.- Bone Scintigraphy and Palliative Therapy with Multibone Kit.- Pharmaosintigraphic Study of Localization in the G.I. Tract of Controlled Release Tablets Using 153Sm as Marker.- Endocrinology, Thyroid.- On the Use of Routine Preoperative Scintigraphy in Thyroid Carcinoma Patients.- The Value of HMPAO SPECT Scanning in Patients with Congenital Hypothyreosis.- Advanced Stage Thyroid Cancer - Treatment with Isotretinoin.- Is SPECT-Technique Necessary for Preoperative Diagnosis of Parathyroid Adenoma ?.- Oncology, Haematology.- Comparison of Interlesionally and Systemically Administered Radiolabelled Monoclonal Antibodies in Implanted Tumours.- Comparison of MRI and Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy (SRS) in Post-surgical Follow-up of Meningioma.- Comparison of Contrast Enhanced MRI, Tc-99m Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate and Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Scintimammography in Patients with Suspicious Breast Lesions.- Neoadjuvant Treatment of Patients with Breast Cancer under Surveillance of 99mTc-Tetrofosmin Scintigraphy.- 99Tc-Furifosmin Uptake by Melanoma Cells.- Lymphoscintigraphy in Tumors of the Head and Neck Using a Double Tracer Technique.- Clinical PET.- Clinical Application of 18FDG-PET in the Assessment of Head and Neck Tumors.- The Role of FDG-PET and MIBI Investigations in the Restaging of Treated Patients with Malignant Lymphomas.- Assessment of Pulmonary Nodules and Colorectal Cancer Recurrences by FDG Scan on an"Ordinary" Coincidence Gamma Camera (CDET).- Clinical Utility of 18FDG-PET with Molecular Coincidence Detection (MCD) and a Modified SPECT-Camera.- Deoxyglucose Uptake by Apoptosing and Proliferating Colonic Tumour Cells.- Cardiology.- Relation Between Viability, Improvement of LVEF and Heart Failure Symptoms after Revascularization.- Attenuation Corrected Tl-201 SPECT Using a Gd-153 Moving Line Source: Clinical Value and the Impact of Attenuation Correction on the Extent and Severity of Perfusion Abnormalities.- Correlation of EBCT and Tl-201-SPECT Scintigraphy in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.- Influence of Right Ventricular Stimulation Site on Left Ventricular Function in a Trial Synchronous Pacing.- Varia.- 153Sm-EDTMP for Pain Relief in Malignant and Benign Bone and Joint Diseases.- Tc-99m-Tetrofosmin SPECT Scintigraphy in the Post-operative Follow-up of Microvascular Anastomosed Flaps in Facial Reconstruction.- Long-Term Follow-up Study of Gastric Emptying and Helicobacter Pylori Eradication among Patients with Functional Dyspepsia.- The Valu
Advances in research have led to the use of robotics in a range of
surgical applications. Medical robotics: Minimally invasive surgery
provides authoritative coverage of the core principles,
applications and future potential of this enabling technology.
This innovative reference examines how consumer health informatics (CHI) can transform healthcare systems stressed by staffing shortages and budget constraints and challenged by patients taking a more active role in their care. It situates CHI as vital to upgrading healthcare service delivery, detailing the relationship between health information technologies and quality healthcare, and outlining what stakeholders need to learn for health IT systems to function effectively. Wide-ranging content identifies critical issues and answers key questions at the consumer, practitioner, administration, and staff levels, using examples from diverse conditions, countries, technologies, and specialties. In this framework, the benefits of CHI are seen across service domains, from individual patients and consumers to healthcare systems and global health entities. Included in the coverage: Use of video technology in an aged care environment A context-aware remote health monitoring service for improved patient care Accessibility issues in interoperable sharing of electronic health records: physician's perspective Managing gestational diabetes with mobile web-based reporting of glucose readings An organizing vision perspective for developing and adopting e-health solutions An ontology of consumer health informatics Contemporary Consumer Health Informatics combines blueprint and idea book for public health and health informatics students, healthcare professionals, physicians, medical administrators, managers, and IT practitioners.
This book will be focused on mitochondria as very promising targets for anti-cancer drugs, yet to be fully exploited. It will contain chapters focused on aspects of basic research as well as on clinical relevance, which will be written by specialists in the field. That the role of mitochondria in human pathologies goes beyond the neoplastic diseases will be documented by a chapter of the role of mitochondria in Friedreich's ataxia. |
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