Despite the large U.S. investment in health science, and the vast and growing body of peer-reviewed research findings it has produced, a compelling body of evidence suggests that research too often has been slow, inefficient, and fallen short of desired impacts on health. A key question is how research might be changed to be more innovative, less wasteful, and more responsive to unmet health needs. One emerging response within clinical and translational science is to advance an approach that attempts to close the gap between research scientists and key stakeholders; the individuals and groups responsible for or affected by health-related decisions. Broadly engaged team science promises to support this aim by transforming the gold standard, multi-disciplinary team science, to include key stakeholders in activities across the research spectrum. These new roles and responsibilities range from generating research questions to implementing research projects, to aiding in the translation of discoveries from the laboratory to the community. A transition to broadly engaged team science reflects the idea that inclusivity and a diversity of perspectives are necessary to achieving progress in addressing complex health issues while representing a new benchmark for ethical research practice. This is one of the first collections of papers describing how clinical and translational science researchers are defining and implementing new research practices, and the successes and challenges involved. This book represents a first and critical step towards organizing knowledge of broadly engaged team science and advancing the development of evidence-based practices. Written in an accessible style, this book is intended to highlight the breadth of broadly engaged team science within one community, motivate researchers and stakeholders to build inclusive teams, bring rigor to often informal stakeholder engagement research practices and encourage people to think more broadly about the development of scientific knowledge. It includes examples of multi-disciplinary, broadly engaged team science projects, the perspectives of academic leaders about the changes needed to encourage scientists to conduct broadly engaged team science, and a resource directory.

A comprehensive overview of the effects of trichloroethylene toxicity caused by real-life exposure levels highlighting how exposure to trichloroethylene may contribute to the etiology of several idiopathic human diseases. Discussion will focus on different kinds of modeling and how they may be used to predict functional consequences and to dissect the contribution of different mechanistic pathways, including potential mechanisms of action for trichloroethylene toxicity in different organ systems. It will explore the role of epigenetic alterations in trichloroethylene toxicity, this provides important mechanistic information and may also provide the basis for intervention therapy. Chapters will also explain how the risks from trichloroethylene exposure may be greater in certain populations based on genetic predisposition, age of exposure and co-exposure to other chemicals With contributions from international experts in the field, Trichloroethylene: Toxicity and Health Risks is an essential resource for researchers and clinicians in toxicology, immunology, medicine and public health as well as industry and government regulatory scientists involved in safety and health protection and epidemiologists, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in solving issues of environmental toxicity.

Health care is one of today's most discussed and debated topics. From issues such as accessibility to costs to quality, the debates range widely among doctors, patients, employers, and insurers. A popular topic in political campaigns and the media, health care and health care management is also a quiet and unremitting concern in the private and personal lives of individuals who worry about someday having to choose between food and prescription drugs.

For this reason, in today's health care industry, good business practices may be as important as the practice of medicine in assuring the continued health of the industry.

The Encyclopedia of Health Care Management will prove invaluable to libraries serving students and professionals in health and business. It will also be an essential reference for physicians, providers and their employees, and students and professors in health and management for responsible and successful practice and administration in the health care industry.

This encyclopedia is the most comprehensive reference work on the business of health care, with up-to-date information across a broad range of issues affecting every aspect of the industry and the people it serves, employs, and influences.

• The most comprehensive reference work on health care management
• Broad range of timely topics, spanning academic, corporate and governmental arenas
• Over 600 entries
• More than 160 expert contributors in the fields of medicine, public health, and business
• Tables on
  • Health Care Acronyms
  • Medical Degrees
  • Medical Legislation
  • Medical Organizations
  • Medical Specialties

Michael J. Stahl, Ph.D. is Director of the Physician Executive MBA Program and Distinguished Professor of Management in the College of Business at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Dr. Stahl received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the State University of NY at Buffalo and his Ph.D. in Management from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. From 1982-1989, Stahl was Head of the Management Department at Clemson University He was Associate Dean in the College of Business at the University of Tennessee from 1989-1997. Dr. Stahl has published over 50 journal articles in a variety of areas including Strategic Management, TQ, and healthcare, as well as twelve books including Strategic Management, Perspectives in TQ, and The Physician's Essential MBA. He teaches strategy and business planning in the Physician EMBA, Taiwan EMBA, and MBA Programs.

Academic, Public, Special, Private/Corporate

This open access book presents an ethical approach to utilizing personal medical data. It features essays that combine academic argument with practical application of ethical principles. The contributors are experts in ethics and law. They address the challenges in the re-use of medical data of the deceased on a voluntary basis. This pioneering study looks at the many factors involved when individuals and organizations wish to share information for research, policy-making, and humanitarian purposes. Today, it is easy to donate blood or even organs, but it is virtually impossible to donate one's own medical data. This is seen as ethically unacceptable. Yet, data donation can greatly benefit the welfare of our societies. This collection provides timely interdisciplinary research on biomedical big data. Topics include the ethics of data donation, the legal and regulatory challenges, and the current and future collaborations. Readers will learn about the ethical and regulatory challenges associated with medical data donations. They will also better understand the special nature of using deceased data for research purposes with regard to ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice. In addition, the contributors identify the key governance issues of such a scheme. The essays also look at what we can learn in terms of best practice from existing medical data schemes.

This contributed volume, "Multifaceted Protocols in Biotechnology, Volume 2", consists of multidisciplinary methods and techniques commonly used in biotechnology studies. There are two sections covered in this book - Ionic Liquid Related Techniques & Evergreen Biotechnology Techniques. A brief introduction supports each protocol to allow easy learning and implementation. The first section consists of three chapters covering studies in modern biotechnology focusing on the role of ionic liquid techniques in extracting secondary metabolites, enzyme stabilization and biomass processing. The second section covers evergreen methodologies. It comprises five chapters covering topics on microcarrier technology for cell culture; Polymerase Chain Reaction for non-halal sources detection in food; ELISA for biomarker identification; gamma ray-induced mutagenesis for enhancing microbial fuel cells; and the effect of temperature on antibacterial activity of Carica papaya seed extract. This book will be useful to graduate students, researchers, academics, and industry practitioners working in the area of biotechnology

This volume gathers the leading research on antibody-drug conjugates and immunotoxins. Following a rigorous overview, the volume delves into focused sections on all aspects of ADCs and ITs from clinical development through to targeted therapeutic applications and the latest technologies.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue. The clinical ranges for osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal bone density are presented. Osteoporosis affects 2 percent of men and 10 percent of women over the age of 50 in the United States. In addition, 49 percent of older women and 30 percent of older men in the United States have low bone density or osteopenia. Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem that leads to increased bone fragility and greater fracture risk, especially of the wrist, hip, and spine. In an epidemiological study conducted in Switzerland, 50 percent of all fractures in women and 24 percent in men were considered osteoporotic. In the United States an estimated 1.5 million yearly osteoporotic fractures result in more than 500,000 hospitalizations, 800,000 emergency room visits, 2.6 million physician office visits, and 180,000 nursing home placements. Hip fractures, in particular, are associated with an increased risk of death. Fractures can also cause pain, height loss, and functional disability, as well as complications such as pressure sores and pneumonia. By 2020, approximately half of all older Americans will be at risk for fractures from osteoporosis or osteopenia. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends active screening for osteoporosis and early intervention to prevent bone fractures. Current clinical guidelines recommend dietary and pharmacological interventions to treat osteoporosis and prevent bone fractures. An increase of 1 standard deviation in bone mineral density in women would prevent 33 percent of hip fractures and 77 percent of vertebral fractures. Despite proven effectiveness, these treatments may have low rates of long-term adherence. Pharmacological interventions can result in adverse outcomes, commonly minimal trauma atypical fractures, esophageal irritation, renal toxicity, and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Additionally, requirements of pharmacological interventions may be burdensome for patients. How vibration therapy increases bone density is not well understood. One hypothesis suggests that vibration signals transmit and amplify into bone tissue, directly activating mechanosensors in bone cells. Animal studies have demonstrated that vibration increases the anabolic (bone building) activity of bone tissue and increases bone density. Another hypothesis suggests that whole-body vibration, like other weight-bearing exercise, improves muscle strength and power by increasing neuromuscular activation. Human studies on healthy volunteers examined adaptive muscle strength and performance after vibration therapy and found its effects to be similar to those of short-term resistance exercise. Several studies have shown whole-body vibration therapy to improve muscle and bone circulation, increasing the supply of nutrients needed to build bones. This technical brief describes the state of the science and summarizes the key issues related to the use of whole-body vibration therapy to improve bone density for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, including modalities, standards, relevant patient populations, outcomes measured, and implications for future research. This report's scope is confined to whole-body vibration platforms designed and marketed for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis; our review excludes exercise equipment with vibrating platforms intended for use in physical fitness or athletic regimens.

At last - a new edition of the highly claimed book "Clinical Trials in Psychiatry"

This book provides a concise but thorough overview of clinical trials in psychiatry, invaluable to those seeking solutions to numerous problems relating to design, methodology and analysis of such trials. Practical examples and applications are used to ground theory whenever possible. The Second Edition includes new information regarding: Recent important psychiatric trials More specific discussion of psychiatry in the USA and the particular problems of trials in the USA, including comments about the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) An extended chapter on meta-analysis Further discussion of sub-group analysis

Special features include appendices outlining how to design and report clinical trials, what websites and software programs are appropriate and an extensive reference section.

From the reviews of the First Edition:

""Everitt & Wessely are to be congratulated on producing an excellent guide to help overcome the snags in clinical trial research. Clearly written and in an engrossing style, the book is likely to become a classic textbook on clinical trials, and not just in psychiatry. The authors' enthusiasm and grasp of clinical trial research make for a gripping and insightful read...it is one of the very best books that has been written on clinical trials."" THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY

""The experience of both authors in this area gives the book a very pragmatic approach grounded in reality, with theoretical overviews invariably being followed by practical examples and applications... an invaluable companion to anyone involved in, or contemplating undertaking, clinicaltrials research."" PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE

The genomic 'golden age' has delivered the sequence of numerous novel genes while leaving us with many unanswered questions about their function. This is particularly true for gene families as, often, members are annotated based on homology rather than function. The tripartite motif family belonged to this category, although, during the last few years, the field boosted an important wealth of biochemical, cellular and physiological breakthrough data. In the first part of this book, we attempt to offer an overview of state-of-the-art basic findings on the tripartite motif (TRIM, also known as RBCC) family members and to deal in the second part with their relevant and growing physiological and pathological roles.

"This book is a superior achievement from a group of masterful scholars. The book shows the theoretical, ethical, and political complexity of qualitative study, and yet offers an illuminating and useful guide to how it can be accomplished with distinction. I highly recommend it."

?MARGARETE SANDELOWSKI, PhD, RN, FAAN

Learn not only how to recognize high-quality research, but how to improve your own research and apply it to patient care. Plus, find out how to start a journal club, write quality case reports and how to most effectively present your research to others. This book is ideal guide for students at both graduate and undergraduate levels who might be having difficulty with research concepts as well as for practiced clinicians interested in a fresh approach to clinical research. * A jargon-free guide to understanding and conducting research * Uses metaphors, visual images, and examples to simplify complex research concepts * Includes easy-to-do computer exercises to help you understand statistical concepts

Aphasia, Volume 185 covers important advances in our understanding of how language is processed in the brain and how lesions or degeneration in the left hemisphere affect language processing. This new release reviews research regarding how language recovers from brain injury, along with new interventions developed to enhance recovery, including language rehabilitation, noninvasive brain stimulation and medications. Sections cover neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of language networks, focus on mechanisms of recovery (and decline) of language, and include chapters on intervention, including recently developed behavioral therapies, brain stimulation, medications, and a review of studies of treatment for both post-stroke aphasia and primary progressive aphasia.

Dieses Werk richtet sich an Pflegefachpersonen, Studierende, Lehrende, Ethikberaterinnen und Ethikberater im Gesundheitswesen. Es bietet umfangreiches und fundiertes Wissen zu den ethischen Themen und Diskursen im Pflege- und Gesundheitswesen. Besondere ethische Herausforderungen, zentrale Grundlagen und Rahmenbedingungen einer (inter-)professionellen ethischen Praxis bilden den Ausgangspunkt der Diskussion und Reflexion ethischer Fragestellungen und Konfliktfelder. Es werden hilfreiche Instrumente, Verfahren und Methoden analysiert und Moeglichkeiten der methodischen Unterstutzung ethischer Reflexion und Entscheidungsfindung aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven dargestellt. Erganzend werden Aspekte der Ethikbildung in den Gesundheitsfachberufen und im Praxisalltag beleuchtet und von den erfahrenen Autorinnen und Autoren eingeordnet.

This volume explores the mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapeutics. The focus is on the cancer cell signaling network, although other mechanisms of resistance including target mutation, and new areas of study such as cancer stem cells are included. Targeted Therapies: Mechanisms of Resistance highlights examples of changes in the signaling network in response to inhibition of a signaling event and underscores the importance in having a mechanistic understanding of the signaling network in cancer for developing effective targeted cancer therapies. Moreover, cutting edge tools to analyze the cell signaling network will be discussed. This includes the leading edge of techniques as well as computational biology and systems theory. This volume provides the reader with both an overview as well as a detailed perspective on the mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapeutics and will be of great value to the oncologist, the physician-scientist treating patients and the translational scientist working on any aspect of targeted therapeutics.

With a focus on case studies of R&D programs in a variety of disease areas, the book highlights fundamental productivity issues the pharmaceutical industry has been facing and explores potential ways of improving research effectiveness and efficiency. Takes a comprehensive and holistic approach to the problems and potential solutions to drug compound attrition Tackles a problem that adds billions of dollars to drug development programs and health care costs Guides discovery and development scientists through R&D stages, teaching requirements and reasons why drugs can fail Discusses potential ways forward utilizing new approaches and opportunities to reduce attrition

This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease

Aggregates of the TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), are hallmark features of the neurodegenerative diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), with overlapping clinical, genetic and pathological features. TDP-43 and Neurodegeneration: From Bench to Bedside summarizes new findings in TDP-43 pathobiology and proteinopathies. The book summarizes TDP-43's structure, function, biology, misfolding, aggregation, pathogenesis and therapeutics. It includes autophagy-mediated therapy, role of stress granule, novel genetic, cell culture-based models, systems biology for precision medicine, development of stem cells and mechanism-based therapies that can target ALS and other related neurodegenerative diseases. This book is written for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, advanced graduate students, drug discovery researchers, as well as cellular and molecular biologists involved in ALS, motor neuron disease (MND) and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Many health professionals want to investigate their health care practice and how it could be improved to benefit their patients. This book introduces the range of research approaches available, and explains what can be achieved with different methods and how they can compliment each other. Research Methods for Health Care Practice guides the researcher through their journey, giving detailed, step-by-step advice on planning and carrying out each stage of the research. Useful examples from health care research are included throughout to illustrate the application of the techniques and methods discussed. The book provides discussion of all the key issues and stages of research, including: - user involvement in research - research ethics - deciding on a research approach - data collection and analysis methods Research Methods for Health Care Practice is ideal for professionals wanting to undertake research in their own health care setting, and will be of use to any students undertaking a research project as part of their course in health and related fields.

The Vaccine Papers documents the remarkable and worrying findings of an independent investigation by the prize-winning journalist Janine Roberts into the development and manufacture of today's vaccines.

This textbook provides step-by-step protocols and detailed explanations for RNA Sequencing, ChIP-Sequencing and Epigenetic Sequencing applications. The reader learns how to perform Next Generation Sequencing data analysis, how to interpret and visualize the data, and acquires knowledge on the statistical background of the used software tools. Written for biomedical scientists and medical students, this textbook enables the end user to perform and comprehend various Next Generation Sequencing applications and their analytics without prior understanding in bioinformatics or computer sciences.

This unique book is designed to help a medical team become a clinical research team. It includes practical information and tips for the initial stages of clinical research: building a team, negotiating a contract, developing a budget, and writing and improving a patient consent. Chapters describing the nuts and bolts of how to actually perform the study follow, including patient recruiting and retention, screening, follow-ups and handling monitor visits. Finally, there is discussion of the yearly reviews and disclosures and not just surviving, but acing, the all-important Food and Drug Administration audit. Clinical research moves medicine forward and is a necessary part of bringing any new therapy, device, or procedure into routine medical care. However, it can be costly and convoluted, and the methodologies of clinical research are not widely standardized. Decreasing some of the chaos present in American clinical research is the primary goal of this book. The second goal is to improve the understanding and education of those who enter clinical research, whether in the frontline work of the clinical research site, in the middleman companies who have a high turnover rate, at a research hospital or institution, or at medical corporations that depend on good clinical research to bring their products to market. The third reason is to standardize American clinical research and to remove some of the vagaries and inconsistencies in the field. Practical and user-friendly, Developing a Successful Clinical Research Program fills a need for a clear guide to developing and improving a first-class research program in any clinical setting.

The overall purpose of this book is to expose the reader/student to a comprehensive and detailed, yet still easily accessible, overview of the whole field of gene therapy, ranging from vector development and therapeutic gene selection to the results of the most recent clinical trials. The language is plain and, whenever possible, non-technical. Since the book is intended to be a textbook in the field of gene therapy in both the basic science and clinical areas, when technical descriptions are required, they are provided either in the main text or in add-on explanatory boxes. For example, clinical readers might find it difficult to understand the principles of viral vector design without knowing some molecular details of viral genome organization and virus life cycle, and basic scientists might be unaware of the clinical and therapeutic advancements for the various disorders treated by the book. In these cases, basic explanations are provided. In this respect, it is worth pointing out that the book is truly a gene "therapy" book; it only considers conditions and experimental approaches based on gene transfer that have already proceeded to the clinic or are close to doing so. Basic research on gene transfer or nucleic acid modification is only presented if it is when close to clinical application. Following the same principle, only diseases for which clinical trials have already been performed or are planned are considered, or those for which solid and encouraging pre-clinical, animal experimentation results are available.

Instead of relying on prescription medications with numerous dangerous side effects, what if you could opt for a safer, natural alternative to address your health concerns? Medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes have been used for many years. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their major constituents has been widely documented by several works, however, in a fragmented way. Based on this premise, this book is designed to provide an overview of current knowledge about the antimicrobial properties of essential oils and their mechanisms of action, either alone or in combination, as a possible tool for obtaining new antibiotics.

Because of the recent advances in embryo modeling techniques, and at the request of the Office of Science Policy in the Office of the Director at the National Institutes of Health, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, hosted a 1-day public workshop that would explore the state of the science of mammalian embryo model systems. The workshop, which took place on January 17, 2020, featured a combination of presentations, panels, and general discussions, during which panelists and participants offered a broad range of perspectives. Participants considered whether embryo model systems - especially those that use nonhuman primate cells - can be used to predict the function of systems made with human cells. Presentations provided an overview of the current state of the science of in vitro development of human trophoblast. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction and Overview 2 Mammalian Embryo Research and Pluripotent Stem Cells 3 Examining the Development of Extraembryonic Lineages 4 Stem CellBased Models of Human Embryos 5 Comparative Embryonic Development Across Species 6 Exploring Opportunities and Challenges with Mammalian Embryo Model Systems References Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Speaker Biographical Sketches Appendix C: Statement of Task Appendix D: Registered Attendees