Although South Africa’s informal sector is small compared to other developing countries, it nevertheless provides livelihoods, employment and income for millions of workers and business owners. Almost half of informal-sector workers work in firms with employees. The annual entry of new enterprises is quite high, as is the number of informal enterprises that grow their employment. There is no shortage of entrepreneurship and desire to grow.

However, obstacles and constraints cause hardship and failure, pointing to the need for well-designed policies to enable and support the sector, rather than suppress it. The same goes for formalisation. Recognising the informal sector as an integral part of the economy, rather than ignoring it, is a crucial first step towards instituting a ‘smart’ policy approach.

The South African Informal Sector is strongly evidence- and data-driven, with substantial quantitative contributions combined with qualitative findings – suitable for an era of increased pressure for evidence-based policy-making – and utilises several disciplinary perspectives.

This South African edition of Microeconomics is essential reading for all students taking introductory economics modules on undergraduate courses throughout South Africa. It is also ideal for use with the microeconomics component of MBA courses. The text contains updated case studies, set against a South African context to illustrate how the principles of economics relate to your life. The news articles are based on news events in South Africa along with questions to help you apply your knowledge and to build your understanding. This text is designed to give you the confidence and ability to think like an economist.

Ever wonder why you have the number of friends that you do? . . . If a tax on soda would really reduce obesity? . . . What is going on with the financial problems in Greece? . . . or whether a tax rebate is better than a tax bonus? MICROECONOMICS, 11e, International Edition answers these questions and many more. Using intriguing pop culture examples, the eleventh edition is revised to include the most comprehensive coverage of the financial and economic crisis available in a principles of microeconomics text. Self-tests help determine how well you're grasping the concepts, and CourseMate for Microeconomics offers a graphing tutorial, quizzes, videos and more. It's all carefully designed to help you get the best grade possible! Building on the Video Office Hours lectures developed by the author for the tenth edition, the eleventh edition features two entirely new video types--See It Solved and GraphIt! See It Solved videos walk you through a worked problem, similar to those found at the end of each chapter, providing an ideal study tool for reference as you do homework. GraphIt! videos demonstrate key concepts in graphing in short (averaging three to five minutes) video pieces that can be played and replayed to see how the graphs are built.

Now firmly established as one of the leading economics principles texts in the UK and Europe, this exciting, new fifth edition of Microeconomics by N. Gregory Mankiw (Harvard University) and Mark P. Taylor (Washington University), has been fully updated. Much revered for its friendly and accessible approach, emphasis on active learning, and unrivalled support resources, this edition also has an improved structure to ensure the text aligns even more closely with the latest courses. The new edition incorporates additional coverage of a number of key topics including heterodox theories in economics such as complexity theory; institutional economics and feminist economics; contestable markers; international trade; game theory; the permanent income hypothesis and different measures of poverty. This title is available with MindTap for Economics, a flexible online learning solution that provides students with all the tools they need to succeed including an interactive eReader, engaging multimedia, practice questions, assessment materials, revision aids, and analytics to help you track their progress.

Economics for Business and Managementoffers an exciting introduction to the principles and applications of microeconomics and macroeconomics to the global business problems faced by today's decision makers: * What are the characteristics for successful entry into new international markets? * How can 'sustainability' affect decision making within businesses? * Why are today's global investors so concerned about national debt issues? * In what ways does an awareness of cultural differences improve decision making by international marketing and human resource strategists? * What strategies can companies such as BP use to repair damaged global reputations? It is an ideal text for introductory courses in economics with a business and management focus and more general business environment courses with an economic underpinning. Visit the fantastic website at www.pearsoned.co.uk/griffithswall to find extra practice questions, interactive activities, quizzes and exam style practice questions with instant feedback, as well as podcasts, news articles, animated professional power points slides and a testbank of questions.

See Economics in Action! In a world full of volatility, uncertainty and conflicting approaches, this market leading, concise text in introductory economics looks at the key economic issues of today and helps you make sense of them. This new edition has been updated with the most recent data and coverage of economic issues such as growth, unemployment, the environment, Brexit and behavioural economics. Its classic features and clear, engaging writing style are complemented by strong theoretical basis and a wealth of pedagogical features to support learning. Expect real-life examples, case studies, questions and problems to guide your understanding. Always up-to-date! The Sloman Economics News Site Make use of the leading student-friendly blog that's updated several times a month with news and topical stories, all linked to your textbook chapters, so you can understand current affairs more deeply. New! Access additional resources on the open Companion Website The website is full of supporting material such as threshold concepts, audio animations, case studies, web appendices, glossary, flashcards and answers to selected questions from the book. This book can also be supported by a premium homework and assessment system, MyLab Economics. Learn more inside.

Economics Today: Micro View-Bringing the Real World to Your Students For a complete multimedia book tour of Miller, Economics Today, 17e, Click Here. For a look at the Supply & Demand Chapter of this title, Click Here. Students learn best when they see concepts applied to examples from their everyday lives. This new edition of Economics Today: Micro View covers leading-edge issues while lowering barriers to student learning. The text relentlessly pursues the fundamental objective of showing students how economics is front and center in their own lives while providing them with many ways to evaluate their understanding of key concepts covered in each chapter. Each chapter begins and ends with an Issues and Applications feature, which introduces a timely issue in the chapter opener and analyzes the issue using the economic tools learned in that chapter at the end. This text is also available with MyEconLab (R), which includes assessment questions that tie to these Issues and Applications, as well as ABC News video clips. With MyEconLab, students can continue working problems online and receive personalized tutorial resources. Visit MyEconLab for more information.

For Principles of Microeconomics courses. For a complete multimedia book tour of Economics: Principles, Applications, & Tools, 8e Click Here. For a look at the Supply & Demand Chapter of this title, Click Here. Questions that drive interest, applications that illustrate concepts, and the tools to test and solidify comprehension. Students come into their first Economics course thinking they will gain a better understanding of the economy around them. Unfortunately, they often leave with many unanswered questions. To ensure students actively internalize economics, O'Sullivan/Sheffrin/Perez use chapter-opening questions to spark interest on important economic concepts, applications that vividly illustrate those concepts, and chapter-ending tools that test and solidify understanding.

Welcome to Economics Express - a series of short books to help you: * take exams with confidence * prepare and deliver successful assignments * understand quickly * revise and prepare effectively. As you embark on your economic journey, this series of books will be your helpful companion. They are not meant to replace your lectures, textbooks, seminars or any other sources suggested by your lecturers. Rather, as you come to an exam or an assignment, they will help you to revise and prepare effectively. Whatever form your assessment might take, each book in the series will help you to build up the skills and knowledge you will need to maximise your performance. Each topic-based chapter will outline the key information and analysis, provide sample questions with responses, and give you the assessment advice and exam tips you will need to produce effective assessments based on these core topics. A companion website provides supporting resources for self testing, assessment, exam practice and answers to questions in the book. Stuart Wall is series editor and Professor of Business and Economics Education. He is one of the UK's leading authors across a wide range of economic areas, with many of his textbooks translated into Chinese, Russian and other foreign languages. Stuart has extensive experience of assessing students' work in economics from many UK and overseas universities.

Have you ever wondered how prices are determined, or why you bought a specific quantity of something? The answers to these and other questions, as well as the theories guiding decisions by consumers and producers, are explained in Microeconomics— a southern African perspective.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to microeconomics theory, offering traditional theories of consumer and producer behaviour set against a contemporary southern African background.

This second edition of Microeconomics – a southern African perspective provides a comprehensive and current introduction to microeconomic theory for the southern African context, while retaining the original ethos from the first edition. It addresses traditional theories of consumer and producer behaviour as prescribed in most introductory microeconomic modules and answers questions around how consumers and producers interact in the market, looking specifically at the choices made by producers in their endeavour to produce optimally.

Suitable for introductory semester-based courses in microeconomics, it facilitates learning through activities and self-evaluation exercises at the end of each chapter, with feedback to activities and answers to the exercises at the end of the book. The study of economics provides the tools for analysis and a framework for thinking that can aid you in making more informed decisions when faced with economic problems, making it suitable for economics students or those requiring an understanding of the economy within a specific financial field.

In microeconomics, the decisions and functioning of individual consumers and households (what to do, what to buy, etc.), and firms or other organisations (what goods to produce, how to produce them, what prices to charge, etc.) are considered. It includes the study of the demand, supply and prices of individual goods and services such as petrol, maize, haircuts and medical services. Understanding microeconomics is a comprehensive introduction to microeconomics in general, set against a contemporary South African background. The easy style and many practical examples make the content extremely accessible. The book covers all the material usually prescribed for introductory courses, and it lays a solid foundation for intermediate and advanced studies in economics. This second edition is a thoroughly revised and slightly expanded version of the original one. Examples have been adjusted (where necessary), a few new topics are introduced and review questions are provided at the end of each chapter. A companion to this book, Understanding macroeconomics, is also available.

This lively book takes Oklahoma history into the world of Wild West capitalism. It begins with a useful survey of banking from the early days of the American republic until commercial patterns coalesced in the East. It then follows the course of American expansion westward, tracing the evolution of commerce and banking in Oklahoma from their genesis to the eve of statehood in 1907.
"Banking in Oklahoma before Statehood "is not just a story of men sitting behind desks. Author Michael J. Hightower describes the riverboat trade in the Arkansas and Red River valleys and freighting on the Santa Fe Trail. Shortages of both currency and credit posed major impediments to regional commerce until storekeepers solved these problems by moving beyond barter to open ad hoc establishments known as merchant banks.
Banking went through a wild adolescence during the territorial period. The era saw robberies and insider shenanigans, rivalries between banks with territorial and national charters, speculation in land and natural resources, and land fraud in the Indian Territory. But as banking matured, the better-capitalized institutions became the nucleus of commercial culture in the Oklahoma and Indian Territories.
To tell this story, the author blends documentary historical research in both public and corporate archives with his own interviews and those that WPA field-workers conducted with old-timers during the New Deal. Bankers were never far from the action during the territorial period, and the institutions they built were both cause and effect of Oklahoma's inclusion in national networks of banking and commerce. The no-holds-barred brand of capitalism that breathed life into the Oklahoma frontier has remained alive and well since the days of the fur traders. As one knowledgable observer said in the 1980s, "You've always had the gambling spirit in Oklahoma."

From Google's chief economist, Varian's best-selling intermediate microeconomics texts are revered as some of the best in the field. And now students can work problems online with Smartwork5, Norton's online homework system, packaged at no additional charge with the Media Update Editions. In addition to online homework, the texts now include four-colour graphs and new interactive animations.

This second edition retains the positive features of being clearly written, well organized, and incorporating calculus in the text, while adding expanded coverage on game theory, experimental economics, and behavioural economics. It remains more focused and manageable than similar textbooks, and provides a concise yet comprehensive treatment of the core topics of microeconomics, including theories of the consumer and of the firm, market structure, partial and general equilibrium, and market failures caused by public goods, externalities and asymmetric information. The book includes helpful solved problems in all the substantive chapters, as well as over seventy new mathematical exercises and enhanced versions of the ones in the first edition. The authors make use of the book's full color with sharp and helpful graphs and illustrations. This mathematically rigorous textbook is meant for students at the intermediate level who have already had an introductory course in microeconomics, and a calculus course.

Your no-nonsense guide to microeconomics The study of microeconomics isn't for the faint of heart. Fortunately, Microeconomics For Dummies is here to help make this tough topic accessible to the masses. If you're a business or finance major looking to supplement your college-level microeconomics coursework or a professional who wants to expand your general economics knowledge into the microeconomics area this friendly and authoritative guide will take your comprehension of the subject from micro to macro in no time! Cutting through confusing jargon and complemented with tons of step-by-step instructions and explanations, it helps you discover how real individuals and businesses use microeconomics to analyze trends from the bottom up in order to make smart decisions. Snagging a job as an economist is fiercely competitive and highly lucrative. Having microeconomics under your belt as you work toward completing your degree will put you head and shoulders above the competition and set you on the course for career advancement once you land a job. So what are you waiting for? * Analyze small-scale market mechanisms * Determine the elasticity of products within the market systems * Decide upon an efficient way to allocate goods and services * Score higher in your microeconomics class Everything you need to make microeconomics your minion is a page away!

Public Economics 7e is a southern African textbook on the subject, written by well-respected South African experts. Dealing with current issues such as social security and health care, the textbook demonstrates how public economic theory is relevant to the real-world context. Cross-references to, and examples from countries making up the southern African region are made throughout the text, in view of the increased interaction and economic cooperation between these countries. The new edition of Public Economics equips senior undergraduate and postgraduate students with the basic analytical skills and demonstrates how these skills can be applied to practical issues. New to this edition: New information on allocative efficiency, imperfect competition and regulation that deals with natural monopoly pricing, competitive restructuring, privatisation and types of regulation; Separate chapters on personal income tax and on the taxation of companies, which includes foci on capital gains taxation, small businesses, the informal sector, tax gap analysis, compliance and tax reforms; Special attention to different views on fiscal policy and the requirements of public debt sustainability.

E-Commerce - A Southern African Perspective approaches the theory and practice of e-commerce from a developing-world perspective. It covers theory, business models, case studies and practical issues such as the digital divide and the law governing e-commerce transactions. State of the art technology such as mobile commerce and its potential in the developing world are also included.

The authors are experienced lecturers on e-commerce and are well qualified to trace developments in this fast-paced field of inquiry. This book is essential reading, for students and practitioners.

First-time economics students at correspondence colleges, technical colleges and technikons - first-time economics students at the Institute of administration and commerce (IAC), and the Institute of marketing management (IMM) - university students in student support programmes for economics and introductory economics courses at universities - students who only need a basic overview of microeconomics (for short courses, and certificate programmes, for example) - students taking service courses in faculties and departments other than economics.

This invaluable book provides the foundations for a new theory of the firm, drawing on Birger Wernerfelt's landmark work on economic theory and the resource-based view of the firm. It addresses a vigorous and long-standing academic debate over what exactly a 'firm' is, both in the field of management and economics. Wernerfelt revisits his classic articles, including an extensively revised 'A Resource-Based View of the Firm' (1984), which have been updated and synthesized to provide precise and accessible concepts and predictions. By offering future directions for research and practice, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of management and economics alike.

Following the successful PCS Auction conducted by the US Federal Communications Commission in 1994, auctions have replaced traditional ways of allocating valuable radio spectrum, a key resource for any mobile telecommunications operator. Spectrum auctions have raised billions of dollars worldwide and have become a role model for market-based approaches in the public and private sectors. The design of spectrum auctions is a central application of game theory and auction theory due to its importance in industry and the theoretical challenges it presents. Several auction formats have been developed with different properties addressing fundamental questions about efficiently selling multiple objects to a group of buyers. This comprehensive handbook features classic papers and new contributions by international experts on all aspects of spectrum auction design, including pros and cons of different auctions and lessons learned from theory, experiments, and the field, providing a valuable resource for regulators, telecommunications professionals, consultants, and researchers.

The book considers the challenge of poverty and deterioration of the ecological environment in China, particularly in rural areas. Examining key factors such as the overuse of natural resources and the loss of biodiversity in the face of an expanding population and rapidly developing economy. It focuses on examining the frameworks of rural households in poor mountainous areas in rural China, considering their livelihood choices and decision-making processes. It analyses the relationship between these households' livelihoods and their environment, notably farmers' attitudes and perceptions towards ecological conservation policies, and their use of forest resources. Cutting across the fields of population studies, sociology, economy and environment, this is an important read for scholars and students interested in how China is dealing with the challenges of natural resources exploitation, sustainable development and social welfare.

Your one-stop guide to understanding Microeconomics Microeconomics For Dummies (with content specific to the UK reader) is designed to help you understand the economics of individuals. Using concise explanations and accessible content that tracks directly to an undergraduate course, this book provides a student-focused course supplement with an in-depth examination of each topic. This invaluable companion provides clear information and real-world examples that bring microeconomics to life and introduces you to all the key concepts. From supply and demand to market competition, you'll understand how the economy works on an individual level, and how it affects you every day. Before long, you'll be conversant in consumers, costs, and competition. Microeconomics is all about the behaviour of individual people and individual firms. It sounds pretty straightforward, but it gets complicated early on. You may not be an economist, but if you're a business student at university, the odds are you need to come to grips with microeconomics. That's where Microeconomics For Dummies comes in, walking you through the fundamental concepts and giving you the understanding you need to master the material. * Understand supply, demand, and equilibrium * Examine the consumer decision making process * Delve into elasticity and costs of production * Learn why competition is healthy and monopolies are not Even the brightest business students can find economics intimidating, but the material is essential to a solid grasp of how the business world works. The good news is that you've come to the right place.

We live in a culture of credit. As wages have stagnated, we've seen a dramatic surge in private borrowing across the western world; increasing numbers of households are sucked into a hopeless vortex of spiralling debt, fuelled by exploitative lending. In this book Johnna Montgomerie argues that the situation is chronically dysfunctional, both individually and collectively. She shows that abolishing household debts can put an end to austerity and to the unsustainable forward march of debt-dependent growth. She combines astute economic analysis with the elements of an accessible guide to practical policy solutions such as extending unconventional monetary policy to the household sector, providing pragmatic and affordable refinancing options, and writing off the most pernicious elements of household debt. This framework, she contends, can help us to make our economy fairer and to tackle both the housing crisis and accelerating inequality.

This brand new EMEA adaptation of Thomas Nechyba's popular text presents a European, Middle East and African perspective, whilst also being fully updated. This exciting new edition follows Professor Nechyba's five primary goals for any microeconomics course by presenting microeconomics as a way of looking at the world, showing students how and why the world works, how to think more clearly and develop conceptual thinking skills, providing a flexible learning style and by finally providing a roadmap for further study. Each chapter follows the A and B structure developed by Professor Nechyba, allowing students to explore an intuitive approach in Part A and then focus on how the intuitive approach can be represented mathematically approach in Part B. This edition is also available as a MindTap with additional assessments, Graph Builder and video graph presentations. It is also available with Aplia, a comprehensive online learning assessment tool with autograded randomised questions to test students' understanding.

This innovative textbook contains everything students need to know on an intermediate microeconomics course. Combining classic theory and models with the latest developments, it gently guides learners through the topics and helps them to become increasingly independent. Mathematical understanding is a crucial part of mastering the subject, but can be tricky to obtain. Consequently, numerical tools and engaging exercises are expertly woven into the broader, conceptual discussion of economic theory. This process is progressive and incremental, with steps explained in great detail in the opening chapters to help students gain mathematical fluency and confidence. A microeconomics textbook that is essential reading for any intermediate level course at university. Although primarily aimed at two-semester undergraduate modules, the comprehensive and accessible writing style means that it is also suitable for certain postgraduate and one-semester courses. The author provides helpful notes on how to adapt the book to your course.