Neuroeconomics has emerged as a paradigmatic field where neuroscience and the social sciences are integrated in one analytical and empirical approach. However, the different disciplines involved often only relate to each other via the shared object of research, and less through the constructing of precise models of integrative mechanisms. Social Neuroeconomics explores the potential of philosophical and methodological reflections in the neurosciences and the social sciences to inform those efforts at cross-disciplinary integration, with a special focus on recent contributions to mechanistic explanations. The collected essays are drawn from the fields of neuroscience, psychology, economics, sociology and philosophy, and examine the ways and methods of constructing unified conceptual frameworks that can guide empirical work and hypothesis building. This is demonstrated in a range of applications, particularly regarding finance and consumer behavior. The concept of the 'social brain' is also explored; a multilevel framework in which complex analytical categories such as emotions or socially mediated cognitive processes connect neuronal and social phenomena in specific mechanisms that generate behavior. This book addresses a wide audience across the various disciplines, reaching from the neurosciences to the social sciences and philosophy.

The book provides an authoritative study on Special Economic Zones. The scope of the articles will include new theories, methods and discoveries in SEZ study, and specifically provide recent achievements in Special Economic Zones. The volume's content is aimed at economics undergraduates, postgraduates, economics researchers in social science institutions and the government. The implementation of Special Economic Zones provides an easy approach to complete modernization in developing countries like China, and the reader can obtain some important sources of data, as well as major results in this area.

Covering core topics that explore the government's role in the economy, this textbook is intended for third or fourth year undergraduate students and first year graduate students. It includes markets, externalities, public goods, imperfect competition, asymmetric information and efficiency, and asymmetric information and income redistribution. A knowledge of intermediate microeconomics and basic calculus is assumed. Each chapter contains exercises at the end, whose solutions are available to instructors. Instructors' resource page: http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/leach/

This book examines the origins and consequences of so-called pension fund capitalism, which has spread around the world since 1981, when the pension system was completely privatized in Chile. The author highlights the driving forces behind the privatization of pensions, its forms and tools used in practice, and the risks and costs related to private pensions. The reader can also learn about the experiences of various developed countries (including the USA, Canada, Australia, and Germany), as well as Latin American (including Chile) and Eastern European countries, related to the privatization of pensions. Particular attention is paid to Poland as an example of a country where such privatization failed completely. This book provides a source of serious reflection on what this privatization has led to, what its real economic and social consequences are and what the likelihood is of reversing it and strengthening the public pension system. Academic researchers and students of economics and finance, as well as social and political sciences, will find the book invaluable in understanding the problems arising from the privatization of pensions. It will also be of interest to professionals: institutions that shape or influence economic and social policy, including political parties, trade unions, non-governmental organizations, the media, and institutions operating on the financial market.

This book analyzes the consequences that would arise if Germany's means-tested unemployment benefits were replaced with an unconditional basic income. The basic income scheme introduced is based on a negative income tax and calibrated to be both financially feasible and compatible with current constitutional legislation. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) the author examines the impact of the reform on the household labor supply as well as on both poverty and inequality measures. It is shown that by applying reasonable values for both the basic income and the implied marginal tax rate imposed on earned incomes, efficiency gains can be reconciled with generally accepted value statements. Furthermore, as the proposal includes a universal basic income for families, child poverty could be reduced considerably. The estimates are based on the discrete choice approach to labor supply.

The book provides an integrated approach to risk sharing, risk spreading and efficient regulation through principal agent models. It emphasizes the role of information asymmetry and risk sharing in contracts as an alternative to transaction cost considerations. It examines how contracting, as an institutional mechanism to conduct transactions, spreads risks while attempting consolidation. It further highlights the shifting emphasis in contracts from Coasian transaction cost saving to risk sharing and shows how it creates difficulties associated with risk spreading, and emphasizes the need for efficient regulation of contracts at various levels. Each of the chapters is structured using a principal agent model, and all chapters incorporate adverse selection (and exogenous randomness) as a result of information asymmetry, as well as moral hazard (and endogenous randomness) due to the self-interest-seeking behavior on the part of the participants.

1. The text explores highly complex topics with simple, non mathematical approach for managers rather than economists. 2. The editions have always been well-received in US market and the newest edition has been updated with behavioural economics, case studies on Amazon, Spotify, Uber, TikTok, England National Health Service and other topical businesses. 3. Includes case studies, discussion questions and examples to illustrate the principles. 4. The book will be updated with bigger font and come in color.

In his book "Marktform und Gleichgewicht", published initially in 1934, Heinrich von Stackelberg presented his groundbreaking leadership model of firm competition. In a work of great originality and richness, he described and analyzed a market situation in which the leader firm moves first and the follower firms then move sequentially. This game-theoretic model, now widely known as Stackelberg competition, has had tremendous impact on the theory of the firm and economic analysis in general, and has been applied to study decision-making in various fields of business. As the first translation of von Stackelberg's book into English, this volume makes his classic work available in its original form to an English-speaking audience for the very first time.

This book explores the impact of globalization, especially in the context of trade and investment policies, on the key economic outcomes, including innovation, productivity, employment, and wages, using Thai manufacturing as a case study. The book looks at the impacts of the shift of manufacturing share from industrialized to emerging countries and emergence of 'global value chains' (GVCs) as well as liberalization through the proliferation of free-trade agreements (FTAs) on key economic outcomes. The book highlights that globalization, through trade (including the parts and components trade) and investment, continues in Thailand amid the anti-globalization sentiment since the onset of the new millennium, especially the US-China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic. Thailand has gained considerable benefit from trade and investment liberalization in various forms, including innovation, firm productivity improvements, and workers' skills enhancement. Although the country has prospered in these areas, several further enhancements are needed in order to effectively harness the benefits available from globalization, including continued trade and investment policy reforms. Key policy inferences are provided in the last chapter. The book will appeal to those with an interest in international economics, especially issues relating to the economic consequences of globalization. It will also appeal to policymakers and practitioners responsible for international trade and investment regulations.

Health 4.0 is a term that has derived from the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), as it pertains to the healthcare industry. This book offers a novel, concise, but at the same time, broad picture of the challenges that the technological revolution has created for the healthcare system. It offers a comprehensive view of health sector actors' interaction with the emerging new technology, which is disrupting the status quo in health service delivery. It explains how these technological developments impact both society and healthcare governance. Further, the book addresses issues related to key healthcare system stakeholders: the state, patients, medical professionals, and non-governmental organizations. It also examines areas of healthcare system adaptiveness and draws its conclusions by analysing recent health policy changes in different countries across the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The authors offer an innovative approach to the subject by identifying the critical determinants of successful implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution's outcomes in practice, on both a macro- and microlevel. The macrolevel analysis is focused on essential factors of healthcare system adaptiveness for Health 4.0, while the microlevel relates to patients' expectations with a particular emphasis on senior citizens. The book will appeal to academics, researchers, and students, across a wide range of disciplines, such as health economics, health sciences, public policy, public administration, political science, public governance, and sociology. It will also find an audience among healthcare professionals and health and social policymakers due to its recommendations for implementing Industry 4.0 into a healthcare system.

* Explores and explains what happens when citizens cannot pay the debts they owe to their governments * Provides insights for students and academics in criminology, sociology, public policy, and economics, as well as policymakers and government officials interested in effecting change * Unique in addressing the various ways in which governments have become privileged creditors, using their power to collect debts owed to them by their citizens

i) This title approaches the relationship between the government and the market from the perspective of mezzoeconomics in an effort to fill up some gaps in this regard by building a new economic model in theory and clarifying economic operation in practice. ii) This title offers first-hand information and practical suggestions for regional governance. iii) The author uses a number of figures and tables to illustrate the theoretical models.

This book disentangles the foundations of coopetition (i.e., concurrent competition and cooperation) by exploring in-depth the intellectual legacy of Eastern and Western perspectives. In particular, it detects the foundations of coopetition in three Chinese streams of thought; Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism, and in five Western schools of thought; David Hume, Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Frederich Hegel and Soren Kierkegaard. In such a way, it unveils four logics used to tackle the essence of coopetition, respectively either/or, both/and, both/or, and either/and. The key objectives of the book are: firstly, to adopt a paradoxical lens to investigate the foundations of coopetition strategy. Secondly, to offer an interpretive framework that detects the different forms, tactics and patterns of coopetition. Thirdly, to discuss the implications of the framework proposed for other paradoxical strategies and to distil a bouquet of managerial implications. In such a way, the volume combines existing foundational perspectives with a contemporary interpretation of the coopetition phenomenon, thereby offering a valuable understanding of the current business and management world. The guiding principles of the book enable readers to extricate the dichotomy between the phenomenon of coopetition and coopetitive strategy, appraise the rationale for distinguishing between deliberate (planned) coopetition strategy and emergent (unplanned, but conscious) coopetition strategy, and understand how to deal with coopetition tensions.

Economists have entered into the realm of sports to provide what they believe to be more cogent explanations for sport-related behaviour and to suggest ways in which incentives can improve sports outcomes. But prices and income, the traditional workhorses of conventional economics, can only provide partial explanations and understandings. Drawing on a bounded rationality approach to behavioural economics, this book demonstrates the analytical insights to be gained by supplementing the conventional economics toolbox with psychological, cognitive, sociological, and institutional factors. The international cast list of contributors cover a wide range of sports topics on which a behavioural approach can reveal new insights. These include preferences, managerial, efficiency, choking, doping, favouritism, athlete well- being, and spectator behaviour. Throughout the book, there is an emphasis on the cognitive limits to smart decision-making as well as the critical role played by the decision-making environment. This volume demonstrates that adopting a bounded rationality approach, complimented with other behaviouralist approaches, helps to better explain sport-related behavioural, sub-optimal behavioural, and market failures. It also provides insights that could be used to improve sports outcomes and the well-being of those involved in sports and to better configure policy to enhance sports performance. This groundbreaking book will be an indispensable reference to students and scholars of sports economics, sports management, and sports science.

Recognizing rapidly ageing population is one key concern faced by cities and the challenge it would present to healthcare system, this book looks at ageing in China's population as well as the delivery and financing of long-term care (LTC) in China. The book compares key features of long-term care insurance (LTCI) schemes in 15 pilot cities and evaluates the sustainability of various financing models adopted by the cities in the LTCI schemes. The book uses an interpretive case study approach to give an in-depth look into the LTC models in three pilot cities - Qingdao, Nantong, and Shanghai. The three cities represent three different models of financing and delivering LTC. To assess how effective the LTC models in these three cities are, the book uses five criteria, including utilization of medical resources, cost, equity, quality of care and sustainability. Also, the authors discuss how the financing and delivery of LTC can be improved in China, the impact of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on older adults in need of LTC in the country and the implications of China's LTCI reform for other countries. The book will be a useful reference to scholars and policy-makers who look at urban ageing and healthcare costs and delivery.

It has taken platforms only twenty years to become digital economy hubs. They have changed markets, enterprises, and society. They have expedited communication, collaboration, and trade for consumers, winning their attention and collecting their data. In doing so, they have made processes, products, and industries obsolete, and disrupted the expectations and behaviours of market players. This raises the question, are digital platforms global innovators or disruptive monopolists? Are they a solution to problems of the past or emissaries of a problematic future? This book provides a multi-faceted approach to platforms and their profound impact on markets and ecosystems. Economic, managerial, social, and political aspects are analysed, and the differentiation of platforms and their disruptive potential is reviewed. The book also examines the mechanism of achieving a monopolistic position, including in the international supply chain, and the greater influence of platforms on political activity and contemporary democracy. With examples from Poland, USA, and China, the contributions offer an international evaluation of disruptive platforms across a multitude of industries. The edited collection, prepared by scholars from the SGH Warsaw School of Economics, will be valuable to researchers and academics across the fields of strategic management, marketing, innovations, international business, and the digital economy.

This book, first published in 1987, examines the experience of the North Vietnamese economy during the struggle for national reunification and the Vietnam war. It chronicles the impact of war and Socialist Construction upon an extremely poor area left undeveloped by French colonial exploitation. The analysis focuses on the severe restraints that faced socio-economic development in North Vietnam, and the adverse effects of forced development based upon neo-Stalinist institutional models. Deep problems were encountered in attempting to implement Socialist Construction in the North, and wartime aid from fraternal Socialist countries masked the fundamental economic imbalances created by the development effort. After national reunification in 1975 the structural difficulties of the Northern economy and the shortcomings of its economic management system crushed the expectations of rapid peacetime development and led to the economic crisis of the late 1970s.

The economics of education is a burgeoning area of study, employing increasingly sophisticated analytical tools to answer questions with high societal impact. Thus, the aim of this handbook is to provide readers with an up-to-date overview of the current state of the field of the economics of education and its main areas of research. This comprehensive handbook provides an authoritative overview of key theoretical and policy areas, covering topics like econometric methods for education economics, returns to education, competition in education provision, education and economic growth, and education and inequality. It reviews the current state of research from early childhood through postgraduate education as well as adult education and life-long learning. Offering a truly international perspective, the handbook benefits from a global group of contributors and attention to both developed and developing country contexts. The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Education will be a valuable resource for advanced students, researchers, and policymakers across economics, education, and public policy.

In the context of growing public interest in sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has not brought about the expected improvement in terms of sustainable business. Self-regulation has been unable to provide appropriate answers for unsustainable business frameworks, despite empirical proof that sustainable behaviour is entirely in corporate enlightened self-interest. The lack of success of the soft law approach suggests that hard law regulation may be needed after all. This book discusses these options, alongside the issue of shareholder primacy and its externalities in corporate, social, and natural environment. To escape the "prisoner's dilemma" European corporations and their global counterparts have found themselves in, help is needed in the form of EU hard law to advocate sustainability through mandatory rules. This book argues that the necessity of these laws is based on the first-mover's advantage of such corporate law approach towards sustainable development. In the current EU law environment, where codification of corporate law is sought for, forming and defining a general EU policy could not only help corporations embrace this self-enlightened behaviour but could also build the necessary "EU corporate citizenship" atmosphere. Considering the developments in the field of CSR as attempts to mitigate negative externalities resulting from inappropriate shareholder primacy use, the book is centred around a discussion of the shareholder primacy paradigm, its legal position and its (un)suitability for modern global business. Going beyond solely legal analysis, juxtaposing legal principles and argumentation with economic theoretic approaches and, more importantly, real-life examples, this book is accessible to both professionals and academics working within the fields of business, economics, corporate governance and corporate law.

Dozens of judicial opinions have held that shareholders own corporations, that directors are agents of shareholders, and even that directors are trustees of shareholders' property. Yet, until now, it has never been proven. These doctrines rest on unsubstantiated assumptions. In this book the author performs a rigorous, systematic analysis of common law, contract law, property law, agency law, partnership law, trust law, and corporate statutory law using judicial rulings that prove shareholders do not own corporations, that there is no separation of ownership and control, directors are not agents of shareholders, and shareholders are not investors in corporations. Furthermore, the author proves the theory of the firm, which is founded on the separation of ownership and control and directors as agents of shareholders, promotes an agenda that wilfully ignores fundamental property law and agency law. However, since shareholders do not own the corporation, and directors are not agents of shareholders, the theory of the firm collapses. The book corrects decades of confusion and misguided research in corporate law and the economic theory of the firm and will allow readers to understand how property law, agency law, and economics contradict each other when applied to corporate law. It will appeal to researchers and upper-level and graduate students in economics, finance, accounting, law, and sociology, as well as attorneys and accountants.

Money is a legal institution with principal economic and sociological consequences. Money is a debt, because that is how it is conceptualised and comes into existence: as circulating credit - if viewed from the creditor's perspective - or, from the debtor's viewpoint, as debt. This book presents a legal theory of money, based on the concept of dematerialised property. It describes the money creation or money supply process for cash and for bank money, and looks at modern forms of money, such as cryptocurrencies. It also shows why mainstream economics presupposes, but avoids an analysis of, money by effectively eliminating money from the microeconomic market model and declaring it as merely a neutral medium of exchange and unit of account. The book explains that money rather brings about and influences substantially the exchange or transaction it is supposed to facilitate only as a neutral medium. As the most liquid of all assets, money enables financialisation, monetisation and commodification in the economy. The central role of the banks in the money creation process and in the economy, and their strengthened position after the bank rescue measures in the wake of the financial crisis 2008-9 are also discussed. Providing a rigorous analysis of the most salient legal issues regarding money, this book will appeal to legal theorists, economists and anyone working in commercial or banking law.

This is a much-needed work in the financial literature, and it is the first book ever to analyse the use of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) from a theoretical and practical perspective. By the end of 2020, more than 240 SPACs were listed in the US (on NASDAQ or the NYSE), raising a record $83 billion. The SPAC craze has been shaking the US for months, mainly because of its simplicity: a bunch of investors decides to buy shares at a fixed price in a company that initially has no assets. In this way, a SPAC, also known as a "blank check company", is created as an empty shell with lots of money to spend on a corporate shopping spree. Could the trend be here to stay? Are SPACs the new legitimate path to traditional IPO? This book tackles those questions and more. The author provides a thorough analysis of SPACs including their legal framework and how they are used as a risk mitigation tool to structure transactions. The main objectives of the book are focused on finding a working definition for SPACs and theorising on their origins, definition, and evolution; identifying the objectives of financial regulation within the context of the recent financial crisis (2007-2010) and the one that is currently unfolding (Covid-19); and also describing practical examples of SPACs through a comparative study that, for the first time, outlines every major capital market on which SPACs are listed, in order to identify a possible international standard of regulation. The book is relevant to academics as well as policymakers, international financial regulators, corporate finance lawyers as well as to the financial industry tout court.

An introductory undergraduate textbook to study basic economic concepts relevant to property and planning Provides explanation of economic concepts for application on property and planning practice and policy Gives specific economic principles and techniques for valuing property and planning (e.g. Impact Fees, Contributions, Planning Gain, User Charges, Levies, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Hedonic Models etc) Providing tacit overview knowledge of economic tools and techniques to current and relevant events Applicable to disciplines attributed to physical spaces that have introductory economics as a requirement Summary and discussion questions are provided for each chapter

An introductory undergraduate textbook to study basic economic concepts relevant to property and planning Provides explanation of economic concepts for application on property and planning practice and policy Gives specific economic principles and techniques for valuing property and planning (e.g. Impact Fees, Contributions, Planning Gain, User Charges, Levies, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Hedonic Models etc) Providing tacit overview knowledge of economic tools and techniques to current and relevant events Applicable to disciplines attributed to physical spaces that have introductory economics as a requirement Summary and discussion questions are provided for each chapter