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Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry > Mineralogy
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Carbon in Earth
(Paperback)
Robert M. Hazen, Adrian P. Jones, John A. Baross
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R1,559
Discovery Miles 15 590
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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This book offers a high-level summary of shallow magmatic systems
(dykes, sills and laccoliths) to support geoscience master and PhD
students, scientists and practicing professionals. The product of
the LASI (Laccoliths and Sills conference) workshop, it comprises
thematic sections written by one or more experts on the respective
field. It features reviews concerning the physical properties of
magma, geotectonic settings, and the structure of subvolcanic
systems, as well as case studies on the best-known systems. The
book provides readers a broad and comprehensive understanding of
the subvolcanic perspective on pluton growth, which is relevant for
mineralogical processes as well as the genesis of mineral deposits.
This book reviews the geochemical and petrological characteristics
of potassic igneous rock complexes, and investigates the various
tectonic settings in which these rocks occur. The authors provide
an overview and classification of these rocks and elucidate the
geochemical differences between barren and mineralized potassic
igneous complexes. High-K rocks are genetically associated with a
number of epithermal gold and porphyry copper-gold deposits. In
recent years, there has also been growing recognition of an
association of such rocks with iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG)
deposits, intrusion-related gold deposits (IRGDs) and Carlin-type
gold deposits. This fifth updated and expanded edition incorporates
new data and references from world-class copper and gold deposits
worldwide. It also includes the latest publications on the
petrogenesis of high-K magmatism and related mineral deposits.
Numerous new representative ore photographs of the mineral deposits
described are also included in the new edition. As such, the book
offers a valuable guide not only for academic petrologists working
on alkaline rocks, but also for exploration geologists prospecting
for epithermal gold and/or porphyry copper-gold deposits in modern
and ancient terrains.
This book sheds valuable new light on the genetic mineralogy of
lower-mantle diamonds and syngenetic minerals. It presents
groundbreaking experimental results revealing the melting relations
of ultrabasic and basic associations and a physicochemical
peritectic mechanism of their evolution. The experimental
investigations included here reveal the key multicomponent,
multiphase oxide-silicate-carbonate-carbon parental media for
lower-mantle diamonds and syngenetic minerals. Consequently,
readers will find extensive information on the diamond-parental
oxide-silicate-carbonate-carbon melts-solutions that supplement the
general features of lower-mantle diamond genesis and the most
efficient ultrabasic-basic evolution. The experimental results on
physicochemical aspects, combined with analytical mineralogy data,
make it possible to create a generalized composition diagram of the
diamond-parental melts-solutions, there by completing the
mantle-carbonatite concept for the genesis of lower-mantle diamonds
and syngenetic minerals. This book addresses the needs of all
researchers studying the Earth's deepest structure, super-deep
mineral formation including diamonds, and magmatic evolution.
This volume presents an exhaustive overview of major orebodies and
mineral deposits of North Africa. It is intended both for academic
researchers and especially for exploration geologists interested in
mineral exploration in the northern part of the African continent.
Recent changes in the mining laws of most countries in this region
have encouraged international mining companies to invest in local
mineral industries. Accordingly, this volume will be very useful
for these professionals, as well as for researchers in the field of
economic geology.
This second edition provides a cutting-edge overview of physical,
technical and scientific aspects related to the widely used
analytical method of confocal Raman microscopy. The book includes
expanded background information and adds insights into how confocal
Raman microscopy, especially 3D Raman imaging, can be integrated
with other methods to produce a variety of correlative microscopy
combinations. The benefits are then demonstrated and supported by
numerous examples from the fields of materials science, 2D
materials, the life sciences, pharmaceutical research and
development, as well as the geosciences.
Study of microstructures is an indispensable component of
understanding structural geology of any terrain. A number of
‘new’ microscopic structures such as ‘flanking
microstructures’, trapezoid-shaped mineral grains, reversal of
ductile shear sense, micro-duplexes, V-pull aparts, and new
minerals nucleating inside host minerals have recently been
described in individual manuscripts. However, for the sake of
brevity, microstructural papers cannot show all possible variation
in their morphology. The proposed book aims to present these
structures with attractive colour photographs. Each photomicrograph
will have a comprehensive caption. The book also presents grain
boundary migration, boudins, symptoms of metamorphic retrogression,
and how well known shear sense indicators (S-C fabrics, mineral
fish etc.) vary in morphology in serial-sections. The target
audience is for graduate and postgraduate geosciences students and
researchers of structural geology.
The book summarizes the knowledge and experiences concerning the
role of halogens during various geochemical processes, such as
diagenesis, ore-formation, magma evolution, metasomatism,
mineralization, and metamorphism in the crust and mantle of the
Earth. It comprises the role of halogens in other terrestrial
worlds like volatile-rich asteroids, Mars, and the ice moons of
Jupiter and Saturn. Review chapters outline and expand upon the
basis of our current understanding regarding how halogens
contribute to the geochemical/geophysical evolution and stability
of terrestrial worlds overall.
This book offers the guidelines on long-term confinement of fine
particulate waste products in a safe and environmentally acceptable
location. It seeks to present the state of the art, drawing on
combined experience from within the European Union (EU), on good
international practice where relevant and on lessons learnt from
recent untoward incidents. These guidelines have been developed in
parallel with the development of the European Standard on
Earthworks (prEN 16907) and the contents have been influenced by
the well-publicised need for guidance to all stakeholders on both
technical and regulatory aspects of the permitting, design and
construction of extractive waste facilities in Europe. The
Extractive Waste Directive (EWD) imposes a duty on all operators
and regulators to ensure the competent design, operation and
closure of such facilities. However, though some guidance has been
published on a limited number of related technical elements, the
relevance of these contributions has been diminished by the lack of
an integrated approach. It is now evident to both regulatory bodies
and operators alike that a unified and comprehensive document
providing guidance to all stakeholders is required if the future of
mining within the EU is to be assured and further untoward
incidents avoided. These guidelines seek to address all technical
stages of the development of a hydraulic fill project in the
context of the EWD, with an emphasis on waste and facility
characterisation and on the risk-based assessments which underwrite
them. They are intended for use by all stakeholders involved in
those European industries which involve the generation, transport
and storage of fine particulate waste products requiring long-term
confinement in a safe, stable and environmentally acceptable
location.
This thesis presents geological, petrological, geochemical, and
zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotopic field data for representative
Precambrian lithologies in the Western Liaoning-Northeastern Hebei
Provinces along the northern margin of the North China Craton
(NCC). It describes late Neoarchean (2.64-2.48 Ga) supracrustal
metavolcanic rocks and granitoid gneisses; late Paleoproterozoic
(1.72-1.68 Ga) Jianping alkaline plutons and Pinggu alkaline
volcanic rocks; and newly discovered ~1.23 Ga mafic dykes. The
nature of magma sources and genesis of each magmatic episode are
investigated, and the Precambrian (~2.6-1.2 Ga) lithospheric mantle
evolution and crust-mantle interaction processes are established
for the first time -aspects that provide important constraints in
our understanding of the Precambrian crustal evolution and
geodynamic processes in the region studied.
This book provides information on proper underground mine
ventilation in order to detail its importance in maintaining safe,
productive, healthy and effective underground environments at all
times for employees. The text covers correct design, implementation
and maintenance of mine ventilation through suitable fan
installation, and keeps in mind the economic requirements of
undertaking safe procedures and implementations to ensure that
ventilation is optimal. Through three main goals, the book
addresses the need for proper fan ventilation in the potentially
hazardous conditions of an underground mine. The first goal is to
summarize and update the technical information on the strategic
importance of selecting suitable techno-commercial main mechanical
ventilators for a coal mine. The second goal is to provide a user
friendly computer program to help any practicing engineers, mine
operators, regulators and researchers in choosing the main
mechanical ventilators. Factors in this selection process include
environmental requirements, regulatory conditions, occupational
health related issues, and cost. The third goal is to provide
applications for computer programs meant to determine proper
selection and implementation of the main mechanical ventilators.
The text is geared towards teachers, researchers, policy makers,
environmental organizations and mine operators who wish to teach
about or implement the best possible ventilation systems for the
health and safety of mine workers.
Sedimentary basins host, among others, most of our energy and
fresh-water resources: they can be regarded as large geo-reactors
in which many physical and chemical processes interact. Their
complexity can only be well understood in well-organized
interdisciplinary co-operations. This book documents how
researchers from different geo-scientific disciplines have jointly
analysed the structural, thermal, and sedimentary evolution as well
as fluid dynamics of a complex sedimentary basin system which has
experienced a variety of activation and reactivation impulses as
well as intense salt tectonics. In this book we have summarized our
geological, geophysical and geochemical understanding of some of
the most important processes affecting sedimentary basins in
general and our view on the evolution of one of the largest, best
explored and most complex continental sedimentary basins on Earth:
The Central European Basin System.
This new volume on boron isotope geochemistry offers review
chapters summarizing the cosmochemistry, high-temperature and
low-temperature geochemistry, and marine chemistry of boron. It
also covers theoretical aspects of B isotope fractionation,
experiments and atomic modeling, as well as all aspects of boron
isotope analyses in geologic materials using the full range of
solutions and in-situ methods. The book provides guidance for
researchers on the analytical and theoretical aspects, as well as
introducing the various scientific applications and research fields
in which boron isotopes currently play a major role. The last
compendium to summarize the geochemistry of boron and address its
isotope geochemistry was published over 20 years ago (Grew
&Anovitz, 1996, MSA Review, Vol.33), and there have since been
significant advances in analytical techniques, applications and
scientific insights into the isotope geochemistry of boron. This
volume in the "Advances in Isotope Geochemistry" series provides a
valuable source for students and professionals alike, both as an
introduction to a new field and as a reference in ongoing research.
Chapters 5 and 8 of this book are available open access under a CC
BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
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