This book provides a comprehensive treatise on the chemical and biochemical consequences of damaging free radical reactions, the implications for the pathogenesis of disease and how this might be controlled endogenously and by radical scavenging drugs. Oxidative stress may be influenced by exogenous agents of oxidative stress, radiation, trauma, drug activation, oxygen excess, or by exogenous oxidative stress which is associated with many pathological states including chronic inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular disease, injury to the central nervous system, and connective tissue damage. This and many other such aspects are presented clearly and in depth.

The development of antioxidant drugs depends on the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation of excessive free radicals "in vivo," the factors controlling their release and the site of their action. This excellent volume presents an up-to-date account of the current state of knowledge in these areas.

The Death of Life dissects biology's claim to be the Cinderella science that rose above its station. Early attempts to study life through observation, experiment and theory are exposed as the skeleton of ideas for controlling life, ideas which were only fleshed out by the biotech and genomic industries. Physicists- and chemists-turned biologists in alliance with biology's own eugenicists are shown to have abandoned the study of life and suppressed poststructuralist approaches ranging from neoLamarckism to biogeological/Gaia theory.

Antimicrobial Peptides, Volume 663 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Unifying the classification of antimicrobial peptides in the Antimicrobial Peptide Database, Optimizing peptide library creation for PepSAVI-MS (RP libraries, etc.), Discovery of novel Antimicrobial peptides using BioProspecting, Screening for cysteine-stabilized scaffolds for developing protelytic-resistant AMPs, Exploring synergy and its role in antimicrobial peptide biology, Colorimetric assays for the rapid and high-throughput screening of antimicrobial peptide activity against diverse bacterial pathogens, and much more. Other chapters cover Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analysis of naturally occurring neuropeptide diastereomers, Multiplexed Quantitative Neuropeptidomics via DiLeu Isobaric Tagging, In vitro evaluation of antibiotic resistance via proteomics, Molecular networking-based strategies in mass spectrometry, Development of Macrocyclic antimicrobial peptides and peptoids, and a host of other timely topics.

This second edition explores membrane trafficking research that has been at the frontier of cell and molecular biology. In the past 20 years, this field has witnessed a remarkable convergence and synergism from information gained using genetic approaches in yeast cells, and biochemical and molecular approaches in mammalian cells. This volume contains updated chapters and the inclusion of a large number of new chapters, and is divided into three parts. Part I includes biochemical and molecular genetics approaches and methods used in analysing membrane traffic, in both yeast and mammalian cell models. Part II focuses on imaging and microscopy approaches and techniques, while Part III highlights the Omics-type approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and resourceful, Membrane Trafficking, Second Edition, is a valuable resource for both experienced researchers, graduate students, and junior scientists in the field of membrane trafficking.

This volume covers current and emerging techniques for studying single-domain antibodies (sdAbs). Chapters guide readers through the biology and immunology of sdAbs in camelids and sharks, isolation of sdAbs, protein engineering approaches to optimize the solubility, stability, valency and antigen binding affinity of sdAbs, and specialized applications of sdAbs. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Single-Domain Antibodies: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful, practical guide to help researchers further their studies in this field.

Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - Part B, Volume 366 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Sections cover Genetic and Sex predisposition to MPN, Transcriptional configurations of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Inhibitors and therapeutic targets of MPN, Mutational landscape of blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN-BP) and antecedent MPN, and Lessons from Mouse model of MPN, Lab tests for MPN.

Basics of proteins and proteomics techniques In-depth understanding of mass-spectrometry and quantitative proteomics An overview of interactomics and its application for translational research. Advancement in the field of proteomics and challenges in clinical applications.

The field of cell cycle regulation is based on the observation that the life cycle of a cell progresses through several distinct phases, G1, M, S, and G2, occurring in a well-defined temporal order. Details of the mechanisms involved are rapidly emerging and appear extraordinarily complex. Furthermore, not only is the order of the phases important, but in normal eukaryotic cells one phase will not begin unless the prior phase is completed successfully. Che- point control mechanisms are essentially surveillance systems that monitor the events in each phase, and assure that the cell does not progress prematurely to the next phase. If conditions are such that the cell is not ready to progress-for example, because of incomplete DNA replication in S or DNA damage that may interfere with chromosome segregation in M-a transient delay in cell cycle progression will occur. Once the inducing event is properly handled- for example, DNA replication is no longer blocked or damaged DNA is repaired-cell cycle progression continues. Checkpoint controls have recently been the focus of intense study by investigators interested in mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle. Furthermore, the relationship between checkpoint c- trol and carcinogenesis has additionally enhanced interest in these cell cycle regulatory pathways. It is clear that cancer cells often lack these checkpoints and exhibit genomic instability as a result. Moreover, several tumor suppressor genes participate in checkpoint control, and alterations in these genes are as- ciated with genomic instability as well as the development of cancer.

This book is a comprehensive review of thrombin, especially as regulatory protease. The ready availability of highly purified thrombin has stimulated rapid advances in the cell biology of this important macromolecule. The text focuses on research findings from the discovery of thrombin by Andrew Buchanan in 1842 to the present. A substantial amount of this work was conducted by the author and his colleagues. His work on the purification of thrombin was seminal to much subsequent work on thrombin. This volume provides a framework for future studies now made possible by the discovery of the importance of exosites in the physiology of thrombin function. The current work describes the process of the development of an oral inhibitor of thrombin used in the prevention of thrombosis. Key Features Reviews the history of Thrombin (Fibrin Ferment) Documents the relation of protein engineering and chemical modification in the study of thrombin Summarizes the interaction of thrombin with fibrinogen and fibrin Outlines the role of exosites in thrombin function Describes the development of an oral inhibitor for thrombin

The existence of genes for RNA molecules not coding for proteins (ncRNAs) has been recognized since the 1950's, but until recently, aside from the critically important ribosomal and transfer RNA genes, most focus has been on protein coding genes. However, a long series of striking discoveries, from RNA's ability to carry out catalytic function, to discovery of riboswitches, microRNAs and other ribo-regulators performing critical tasks in essentially all living organisms, has created a burgeoning interest in this primordial component of the biosphere. However, the structural characteristics and evolutionary constraints on RNA molecules are very different from those of proteins, necessitating development of a completely new suite of informatic tools to address these challenges. In RNA Sequence, Structure, Function: Computational and Bioinformatic Methods, expert researchers in the field describe a substantial and relevant fraction of these methodologies from both practical and computational/algorithmic perspectives. Focusing on both of these directions addresses both the biologist interested in knowing more about RNA bioinformatics as well as the bioinformaticist interested in more detailed aspects of the algorithms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Thorough and intuitive, RNA Sequence, Structure, Function: Computational and Bioinformatic Methods aids scientists in continuing to study key methods and principles of RNA bioinformatics.

Advances in Genetics, Volume 108 provides the latest information on genetics, presenting new medical breakthroughs that are occurring as a result of advances in our knowledge of the topic. The book continually publishes important reviews of the broadest interest to geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines, with this new release including chapters on Clinical applications of cancer genetics and genomics, Epigenetic mutations in childhood tumors- the paradigm of Wilms tumor, Preventive population genomics-the model of BRCA related cancers, Recent advances of PARP inhibitors in medical oncology, Role of single cell and liquid biopsy in cancer research and clinical applications. Other chapters cover Recent advances and clinical utility of prostate cancer genomics, Recent advances in lung cancer genomics- applications in targeted therapy, and more.

Replication-Coupled Repair, Volume 661 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including the Repair of replication-born DNA breaks by sister chromatid recombination, High resolution and high throughput DNA cyclization measurements to interrogate DNA bendability, A programmable detection method for genomic signatures: from disease diagnosis to genome editing, Characterization of the telomerase modulating activities of yeast DNA helicases, Eukaryotic DNA replication with purified budding yeast proteins, Single molecule studies of yeast Rad51 paralogs, Light activation and deactivation of Cas9 for DNA repair studies, and more. Other chapters explore MIDAS: Direct sequencing to map mitotic DNA synthesis and common fragile sites at high precision, Studying the DNA damage response in embryonic systems, GLASS-ChIP to map Mre11 cleavage sites in the human genome, New chemical biology approaches to trap reaction intermediates in living cells, Single-molecule imaging approaches for monitoring replication fork conflicts at genomic DNA G4 structures and R-loops in human cells, Monitoring the replication of structured DNA through heritable epigenetic change, Visualizing replication fork encounters with DNA interstrand crosslinks, and much more.

Advances in Aggregation Induced Emission Materials in Biosensing and Imaging for Biomedical Applications - Part A Volume 184, highlights many aspects of AIE materials that can help future investigators, researchers, students and stakeholders perform research with ease. Emitting light is a fascinating photophysical phenomenon, its different forms have brought the attention of various disciplines of natural sciences for centuries. In the modern era of scientific generation, short-lived fluorescence light and its long-lived counterpart phosphorescence light has been employed for several chemo-sensing, bio-sensing, and bioimaging applications. The aggregation induced emission (AIE) phenomenon has appeared as a wand of modern science to convert aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) materials into AIE active materials for a wide range of biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging and localization of molecules for better understanding of molecular mechanisms. This volume covers a wide range of topics which are not currently available in a single volume, including ACQ & AIE concept development; intracellular pH, temperature and viscosity sensing; imaging of cell membrane, lipid droplet, lysosome, and mitochondria; biosensing and Imaging of bacteria; nucleus and nucleic acid imaging.

Adverse environmental factors can impose stress on plants and influence the expression of the full genetic potential for growth and reproduction. The capability of plants to develop plastic response reactions, to adapt to environmental stress situations, is unique in the biological world. A goal of the research described in this volume is to increase crop productivity, particular in regions where the environment imposes stress. An understanding of the principles involved in plant adaptation to environmental stress will enable optimisation of practices to improve agronomic production and minimise damaging environmental impact. The aim of this volume is to link the rapidly advancing and increasingly specialist field of molecular biology with plant physiology at the ecosystem level. The book includes chapters focused on some principle methods and a series of up-to-date review chapters on plant adaptation to a variety of specific stresses. The utilisation of newly available genome information is emphasised. Of particular importance is the desire to highlight the current potential of such approaches, and how diverse disciplines can interact and complement one another. The book is aimed at both the specialist and the advanced student.

Named #1 of 15 Best New Biotechnology Books to Read in 2021 by BookAuthority. This volume explores and explains the vast uses and benefits of algae as food, feed, and fuel. It covers the most advanced applications of algae in the food and feed industries and for environmental sustainability. With chapters written by experts and which were extensively reviewed by many well-known subject experts and professionals, Phycobiotechnology: Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Algae and Algal Products for Food, Feed, and Fuel provides an abundance of valuable information. Algae are a genetically diverse group of organisms with a wide range of physiological and biochemical characteristics that have unique capabilities in the fields of agriculture, pharmaceuticals, industry, and environment. Algae hold the potential to become the planet's next major source of energy and a vital part of the solution for climate change and dependence on fossil fuels. Many varieties of algae are also known to be an abundant source of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that can boost the human immune system.

Biomolecular Interactions: Part A, Volume 166, the latest release in the Methods in Cell Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics in cell biology. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

The first book to compile the clinical signs associated with deficiencies, toxicities, imbalances, or exposures to minerals, trace elements, and rare earth elements in humans and animal species, Clinical Signs in Humans and Animals Associated With Minerals, Trace Elements, and Rare Earth Elements aims to increase awareness to improve diagnosis and to encourage further investigation based on comparative data. Written by an experienced veterinary clinician having worked in private practice, academia, and pharmaceutical and pet food industries, this book includes data on humans and primates, as well as companion animals, horses, rabbits, reptiles, ruminants, poultry, fish, and species typical in zoo populations. The subject material is divided into three sections to provide easy access to information on clinical signs, specific elements, or species. This book is written for medical and veterinary researchers, clinicians, and practitioners, specifically those working with animal nutrition and animal feed health. Academics and public health scientists will also benefit from the book's information and data on rehabilitating and maintaining animal health.

Mechanisms of Cell Death and Opportunities for Therapeutic Development, volume four in the Perspectives in Translational Cell Biology series, offers content for professors, students and researchers across basic and translational biology. The book covers fundamental mechanisms, ranging from different forms of cell death and drug development, to efforts for treating disease, providing a valuable resource for readers interested in understanding cell death and relevant translational research. The book's editor, Diaqing Liao, has over twenty years' experience teaching topics of cell death.

With the development of fungal transformation systems and the deciphering of an increasing number of fungal genomes, this diverse clade of heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms has proven to be ideal for molecular work and highly serviceable as model systems to study basic processes with results that are applicable to many organisms, including humans. In Molecular and Cell Biology Methods for Fungi, experts in the field provide an up-to-date set of practical protocols covering a range of frequently used methods used to study molecular and cellular aspects of fungal biology. The included classical protocols such as transformation systems and traditional protein analysis methods, which have been widely used for many years, alongside the most advanced techniques such as genome amplification, whole genome knockout methods, and sophisticated in vivo imaging techniques will prove to be easily adaptable and useful in a wide range of species. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Comprehensive and up-to-date, Molecular and Cell Biology Methods for Fungi seeks to provide cutting-edge techniques in order to aid both experienced fungal research laboratories as well as those that are interested in using fungi as hosts to study their favorite genes.

In Flower Development: Methods and Protocols, researchers in the field detail protocols for experimental approaches that are currently used to study the formation of flowers, from genetic methods and phenotypic analyses, to genome-wide experiments, modeling, and system-wide approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls Authoritative and practical, Flower Development: Methods and Protocols is an essential guide for plant developmental biologists, from the novice to the experienced researcher, and for those considering venturing into the field.

This work is concerned with a group of proteins which were originally consid ered to be an esoteric phenomenon but which have now been shown to play critical roles both in normal and stressed cells as well as being involved in a variety of human diseases. It is the purpose of this work to give a comprehen sive view of these proteins and their various aspects. After an introductory chapter providing an overview of these proteins, the work is divided into four main sections each of which deals with one important aspect of these proteins. Thus, the first section contains a series of chapters which describe individual stress proteins and their roles in particular biological phenomena. Evidently, the induction of these proteins by elevated tempera ture or other stresses is their defining feature and the second section of this book therefore considers the regulation of stress protein gene expression both by stressful stimuli such as elevated temperature or ischaemia and by non stressful stimuli such as cytokines.

This detailed book provides an overview of various classes of computational techniques, including machine learning techniques, commonly used for evaluating kinetic parameters of biological systems. Focusing on three distinct situations, the volume covers the prediction of the kinetics of enzymatic reactions, the prediction of the kinetics of protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions (binding rates, dissociation rates, binding affinities), and the prediction of relatively large set of kinetic rates of reactions usually found in quantitative models of large biological networks. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of expert implementation advice that leads to successful results. Authoritative and practical, Computational Methods for Estimating the Kinetic Parameters of Biological Systems will be of great interest for researchers working through the challenge of identifying the best type of algorithm and who would like to use or develop a computational method for the estimation of kinetic parameters.

The first edition of this book, published in 1999 and called DNA Repair Protocols: Eukaryotic Systems, brought together laboratory-based methods for studying DNA damage and repair in diverse eukaryotes: namely, two kinds of yeast, a nematode, a fruit fly, a toad, three different plants, and human and murine cells. This second edition of DNA Repair Protocols covers mammalian cells only and hence its new subtitle, Mammalian Systems. There are two reasons for this fresh emphasis, both of them pragmatic: to cater to the interests of what is now a largely mammalocentric DNA repair field, and to expedite editing and prod- tion of this volume. Although DNA Repair Protocols: Mammalian Systems is a smaller book than its predecessor, it actually contains a greater variety of methods. Fourteen of the book's thirty-two chapters are entirely new and areas of redundancy present in the first edition have been eliminated here (for example, now just two chapters describe assays for nucleotide excision repair [NER], rather than seven). All eighteen returning chapters have been revised, many of them ext- sively. In order to maintain a coherent arrangement of topics, the four-part p- titioning seen in the first edition was dispensed with and chapters concerned with ionizing radiation damage and DNA strand breakage and repair were re- cated to near the front of the book. Finally, an abstract now heads each chapter.

In the past, Treponema research was severely handicapped because the organisms were notoriously difficult to work with and were unculturable in the laboratory. Powerful molecular and genetic tools developed in recent years have been successfully used to dramatically expand our understanding of treponemal diversity, genomics, and cellular and molecular biology. Major breakthroughs include sequencing of Treponema genomes and the development of modern molecular methods. In recent years there has been an explosion of new information that is summarized in the current volume. Expert international authors critically review every aspect of the molecular and cellular biology of these fascinating organisms. The focus of this book is on recent advances and new developments in Treponema research, in particular those resulting from modern molecular and genetic methodologies. Topics covered include the phylogenic diversity, comparative genomics, metabolism and cultivation, motility, antigenic varia