Beginning in January 1692, Salem Village in colonial Massachusetts witnessed the largest and most lethal outbreak of witchcraft in early America. Villagers-mainly young women-suffered from unseen torments that caused them to writhe, shriek, and contort their bodies, complaining of pins stuck into their flesh and of being haunted by specters. Believing that they suffered from assaults by an invisible spirit, the community began a hunt to track down those responsible for the demonic work. The resulting Salem Witch Trials, culminating in the execution of 19 villagers, persists as one of the most mysterious and fascinating events in American history. Historians have speculated on a web of possible causes for the witchcraft that stated in Salem and spread across the region-religious crisis, ergot poisoning, an encephalitis outbreak, frontier war hysteria-but most agree that there was no single factor. Rather, as Emerson Baker illustrates in this seminal new work, Salem was "a perfect storm": a unique convergence of conditions and events that produced something extraordinary throughout New England in 1692 and the following years, and which has haunted us ever since. Baker shows how a range of factors in the Bay colony in the 1690s, including a new charter and government, a lethal frontier war, and religious and political conflicts, set the stage for the dramatic events in Salem. Engaging a range of perspectives, he looks at the key players in the outbreak-the accused witches and the people they allegedly bewitched, as well as the judges and government officials who prosecuted them-and wrestles with questions about why the Salem tragedy unfolded as it did, and why it has become an enduring legacy. Salem in 1692 was a critical moment for the fading Puritan government of Massachusetts Bay, whose attempts to suppress the story of the trials and erase them from memory only fueled the popular imagination. Baker argues that the trials marked a turning point in colonial history from Puritan communalism to Yankee independence, from faith in collective conscience to skepticism toward moral governance. A brilliantly told tale, A Storm of Witchcraft also puts Salem's storm into its broader context as a part of the ongoing narrative of American history and the history of the Atlantic World.

Isaac Newton was an alchemist. That fact is usually brushed aside as unrelated to his leading role in the scientific revolution, but author Philip Fanning has re-examined the evidence and concluded that the two were really inseparable. In this book Fanning shows us the surprisingly profound influence that Newton's study of alchemy had in shaping his scientific thinking. Transcending simple empiricism, alchemy was an experiential science that involved the experimenter as much as the subject of experiment, and it had profound spiritual and psychological dimensions. Often dismissed as simply an unscientific precursor to chemistry, it was in fact a complex Gnostic pursuit that drew upon the entire mental and moral being of its practitioners. Instead of the usual story of reason, curiosity, and scepticism overcoming ignorance, superstition, and gullibility, Fanning tells of an ancient, carefully tended occult institution passed from generation to generation until at last it came down to the man who gave the world modern science. He also details the ways that this infant science rose up to establish a limited but dominant paradigm of truth that relegated the major esoteric and spiritual tradition of alchemy to the fringes of discourse prior to its twentieth century revival by psychologist Carl Jung and other innovative thinkers.