Including practical advice on how to conduct a stress audit and how to target stress 'hot spots' within an organization, Organizational Stress Management provides a fresh strategic model for the manager concerned with the negative effects stress can have both on company performance and the quality of life of individuals at work.

This concise volume analyzes the potential for the workplace environment-where so many people spend so much of their day-to improve workers' capacity for health and wellness. It pinpoints the link between sedentary lifestyles and poor health, and explores the role of office spatial design in encouraging physical activity to promote physical activity, health and prevent disease. The featured research study tracks workers' movement in a variety of office layouts, addressing possible ways movement-friendly design can co-exist with wireless communication, paperless offices, and new corporate concepts of productivity. From these findings, the author's conclusions extend public health concepts to recognize that influencing population-wide levels of activity through office architectural design alone may be possible. This SpringerBrief is comprised of chapters on : Physical activity and disease: Theory and practice Space-use and the history of the office building Identifying factors of the office architectural design that influence movement, Interdisciplinary research methods in studying worker physical activity, decision-making and office design characteristics The KINESIS model for simulating physical activity in office environments The questions and potential for solutions in Workplace Environmental Design in Architecture for Public Health will interest and inform researchers in interdisciplinary topics of public health and architecture as well as graduate and post-graduate students, architects, economists, managers, businesses as well as health-conscious readers.

This comprehensive interdisciplinary synthesis focuses on the clinical and occupational intervention processes enabling workers to return to their jobs and sustain employment after injury or serious illness as well as ideas for improving the wide range of outcomes of entry and re-entry into the workplace. Information is accessible along key theoretical, research, and interventive lines, emphasizing a palette of evidence-informed approaches to return to work and stay at work planning and implementation, in the context of disability prevention. Condition-specific chapters detail best return to work and stay at work practices across diverse medical and psychological diagnoses, from musculoskeletal disorders to cancer, from TBI to PTSD. The resulting collection bridges the gap between research evidence and practice and gives readers necessary information from a range of critical perspectives. Among the featured topics: Understanding motivation to return to work: economy of gains and losses. Overcoming barriers to return to work: behavioral and cultural change. Program evaluation in return to work: an integrative framework. Working with stakeholders in return to work processes. Return to work after major limb loss. Improving work outcomes among cancer survivors.Return to work among women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. The Handbook of Return to Work is an invaluable, unique and comprehensive resource for health, rehabilitation, clinical, counselling and industrial psychologists, rehabilitation specialists, occupational and physical therapists, family and primary care physicians, psychiatrists and physical medicine and rehabilitation as well as occupational medicine specialists, case and disability managers and human resource professionals. Academics and researchers across these fields will also find expert guidance and direction in these pages. It is an essential reading for all return to work and stay at work stakeholders.

This book discusses the latest findings towards ensuring people's safety, health, and welfare at work. It crosses different disciplines, such as work physiology, health informatics, workplace design, injury prevention, and occupational psychology. It presents new strategies for safety management, including accident prevention methods, such as performance testing and participatory ergonomics. The book, which is based on the AHFE 2016 International Conference on Safety Management and Human Factors, held on July 27-31, 2016, in Walt Disney World (R), Florida, USA, provides readers, including decision makers in government and public authorities, with a timely snapshot of the state of the art in the field of safety, health and welfare management. It also addresses agencies such as OSHA and NIOSH as well as other professionals dealing with occupational safety and health.

Here is a new book on methods and issues in clinical research. Its objectives can be summarized in three points. 1. Integrate medical and statistical components of clinical research. 2. Do justice to the operational and practical requirements of clinical research. 3. Give space to the ethical implications of methodological issues in clinical research. The book ends with a brief description of the drug development process and the phases of clinical development.

Many international experts collaborated in creating this groundbreaking work, a principal-coding system, and in developing reference films and imaging parameters for the International Classification of HRCT for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases. The book is an authoritative guide to the recognition of dust diseases of the lung, using radiological imaging techniques, with special emphasis on high-resolution computerized tomography (CT). The classification is a powerful, essential tool for recording patient data on CT in a globally standardized semiquantitative way. The system is also applicable to surveillance and screening for occupational and environmental respiratory diseases. The book is a valuable resource not only for radiologists but for all who work in occupational medicine and public health.

This volume throws light on the Sick Building Syndrome in Libraries and other public buildings, and the extent to which it is influenced by the internal environment of libraries. One of the signs of this disease is that the person suffers from a set of symptoms closely related to his/her presence in the building, without the identification of any clear causes, and his/her relief of these symptoms when he/she are out of the building. Hence, the book sheds on the extent to which the interior environment impacts upon the health of the people, and the extent to which this is reflected in their performance. The book can be used for teaching, research, and professional reference. It concludes with the recommendation that is essential to observe environmental dimensions when designing library and public buildings, taking into consideration the expected impact of SBS in library and public buildings on people. The significance of the book derives from the fact that it is the first of its kind to examine the issue of the interior environment and SBS of library and public building worldwide.

Since questions about wireless phones andbrain cancer were first raised in early 1993, numerous scientificstudies and reviews have been conducted and published throughout the world with support from industry and government. The most comprehensive colloquium to date covering this science was co sponsored byt he International Committee on WirelessCommunication Health Research and Wireless Technology Research, LLC,a t the University "La Sapienza" ofR omein November 1995. Papers fromt hat colloquium with appropriate updates formt he foundation for the current volume. A follow up tothat colloquium isbeing planned fort he spring of 1999 byt he same group and thereport of that colloquium will bet he basis for Volume II ofthis series. As thescientific story about wireless phones and health effects continues to unfold over the next several years, it is important to evaluate thework ina context t hat isb eneficialt ot he enhancement ofpublic health. Two themesa re critical to an appropriate contextual understanding ofthis science.

Recently, there has been interest by regulators, the public and the manufacturers of wireless devices in the issues relating to the safety of radio frequency (RF) energy. These issues require an understanding of the scientific underpinnings of both physics of RF energy and cellular biology. This book is designed to provide precisely such cross-functional expertise. The editors of this book intend to provide a reliable source for a sound scientific understanding of the issues and to stimulate future scientific advances in this area. Therefore, the audience for this book includes such diverse groups as scientists, governmental policy-makers and regulatory bodies, representatives of industry and the public at large.

Key Features Comprehensive coverage of all aspects of work-related asthma, including historical aspects, epidemiology and risk factors, mechanisms and genetics, other types of work-related asthma conditions and variants, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, occupational urticaria and dermatitis Assessment of the worker and workplace along with management of the worker, prevention and medicolegal aspects Of interest not only to pulmonologists, but also for industrial hygienists, researchers, lawyers and other health professionals in the field of work-related conditions Detailed information about specific agents, including a variety of high- and low-molecular weight agents

Carpal-tunnel and other entrapment syndromes are perhaps the most common work-related injuries currently reported. With this book, Vladimir Golovchinsky presents the first evidence of double-crush syndrome as a subgroup of these. To date the existence of double-crush syndrome has been a matter of debate. Dr. Golovchinsky presents a statistical analysis of substantial clinical material, which finds a cause-and-effect relationship between cervical or lumbar radiculopathy and peripheral entrapment in corresponding nerves, thus proving the existence of double-crush syndrome. This book will be invaluable to physicians performing EMG-NCV testing and to other healthcare professionals who encounter peripheral entrapment syndromes in their practices.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PART 1 FISH CONSUMPTION AND METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE IN THE AMAZON A. C. BARBOSA, A. M. GARCIA, J. R. DESOUZAI Mercurycontamination inhairofriverine 1-8 populations of Apiacas Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon E. D. BIDONE, Z. C. CASTILHOS, T. J. S. SANTOS, T. M. C. SOUZA and L. D. LACERDA I Fish contamination and human exposure to mercury in Tartarugalzinho River, Amapa State, Northern Amazon, Brazil. A screening approach 9-15 H. A. KEHRIG, O. MALM and H. AKAGI I Methylmercury in hair samples from different riverine groups, Amazon, Brazil 17-29 J. LEBEL, M. ROULET, D. MERGLER, M. LUCOTTE and F. LARRIBE I Fish diet and 31-44 mercury exposure in a riparian Amazonian population O. MALM. , J. R. D. GUIMARAES, M. B. CASTRO, W. R. BASTOS, J. P. VIANA, F. J. P. BRANCHES, E. G. SILVEIRA and W. C. PFEIFFER I Follow-up of mercury levels in fish, human hairand urine in the Madeira and Tapaj6s basins, Amazon, Brazil 45-51 PART 2 CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND LONG TERM EXPOSURE G. J. MYERS, P. W. DAVIDSON, C. COX, C. F. SHAMLAYE, O. CHOISY, E. CERNICHIARI, A. CHOI, J. SLOANE-REEVES, C. AXTELL, P. GAO and T. W. CLARKSON I The Seychelles child development study: Results and new directions through twenty-nine months 53-61 B. WHEATLEY, S. PARADIS, M. LASSONDE, M. -F. GIGUERE and S.

In recent years the field of contact dermatitis has increased greatly in importance in dermatology. The variety of exogenous, environmental ly caused dermatoses has undoubtedly expanded over the past few de cades with the increasing number of potentially toxic chemicals, the changes in lifestyle, and the greater life expectancy in industrialized societies. The value of international cooperation in this field has long been realized and acted upon by the International Contact Dermatitis Re search Group (ICDRG). By 1975 the international journal Contact Dermatitis had been founded under the editorship of C. D. Calnan. Thanks largely to the ICDRG and Contact Dermatitis, there were, by 1986, enough additional dermatologists and scientists with a special interest in this area to form the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG). Within 2 years they had in stituted the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD) as an in ternational forum for researchers in the field. The EECDRG decided to hold a symposium in Heidelberg in May 1988, an initiative supported by the ICDRG, and on this occasion the new ESCD held its inaugural session. The Society already has over 200 members and most national contact dermatitis research groups in Europe are already represented; new members are of course welcome. Subgroups and working committees have been formed to address var ious topics including the standardization of patch testing, photoder matology, and bioengineering."

Air Pollution and Human Cancer analyzes the evidence for the possible contribution of air pollution to the origin of human cancer. Distinguished experts in various areas of cancer research report on: - air pollution and cancer: an old and a new problem; - sources, nature and levels of air pollutants; - measurement and monitoring of individual exposures; - experimental evidence for the carcinogenicity of air pollutants; - epidemiological evidence on air pollution and cancer; - cancer risk estimation and prevention.

Almost 50 million persons visit another continent each year. It is mainly those 15-18 million travelers from industrialized nations who visit or reside in developing countries that are at increased health risk. To develop effective health protection advice, the health risks of travel and the benefits of prophylaxis (vaccines, new and old drugs, behaviour modification, etc.) should be assessed systematically. The purpose of this book is to improve the protection of the travelers' health by more effective and more uniform recommendations. It contains many data on recent research and represents the first comprehensive account on travel medicine for professionals.

The identification of occupational cancer risk factors and of carcinogens in the workplace is assuming increasing import ance in cancer epidemiology. This book, which contains the proceedings of a symposium held in Vancouver in June 1988, combines overviews by experts on substantive topics and methodologic issues of broad interest in occupational cancer epidemiology. Among the former are state of the art reviews emphasizing recent data and new and innovative analytic approaches. The substantive topics include discussion of cancer risks from exposure to complex organic mixtures, asbestos and man-made fibers, herbicides, radon, and electromagnetic fields. Risk assessment, exposure assessment, and analysis of occupa tional cohort studies are examples of the methodologic issues addressed. This book provides basic information and opens perspectives on new areas of research. In organizing our symposium we were greatly assisted by Betty Fata and Kim Rust of Venue West Conference Ltd. We appreciate the financial support received from the following: Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia Alcan Aluminium Ltd. National Health Research & Development Program Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia Purdue Frederick Inc. Rhone-Poulenc Pharma Inc. London Drugs Ltd. Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltd. Bristol-Myers Pharmaceutical Group Schering Canada Inc. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Sterling Drug Ltd. Parke-Davis Canada Inc. Beecham Laboratories Pfizer Canada Inc. Roussel Canada Inc."

As part of its "Programme for the prevention of health hazards caused by industrial substances", the Berufsge- nossenschaft der chemischen Industrie (BG Chemie, Em- ployment Accident Insurance Fund of the Chemical Indus- try) began in 1977 to investigate the toxicity of those chemicals which are widely used, have many different ap- plications and are suspected of being dangerous to health, in particular of having long-term effects. The in- vestigations consist of a literature search and - depending on the results - commissions of experimental studies. It is hoped by means of this testing to close gaps in our know- ledge and to increase the scientific validity of the required risk assessments. The results of the toxicological in- vestigations carried out by BG Chemie, and the resulting substance assessments have been published in German since 1987 in the form of 113 "Toxikologische Bewer- tungen" ("Toxicological Evaluations") up to now. In order to make this useful information internation- ally available, BG Chemie began in October 1990 to pub- lish them as a book series in English, of which the fifth vol- ume (containing 12 individual evaluations) is presented here. Therefore for 72 existing chemicals "Toxicological Evaluations" are available in English at the moment, a fur- ther 38 are in preparation and will be published soon.

Considerable progress in understanding how inhaled minerals cause disease in man has been made in the past two decades. This is mostly due to the great amount of human, animal and cell multidisciplinary studies carried out on silica, asbestos and asbestiforms all around the world. Two previous NATO Workshops on "In Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cells", have been published in the NATO ASI Series (1985 and 1989). The present NATO-INSERM workshop has focused specifically on a group of silicates, named phyllosilicates because of their sheet structure, of which health related effects have been poorly and sporadically investigated. These silicates are presently largely used as filling materials (kaolin, talc, chlorite), insulating materials (vermiculite, micas), adsorbants (sepiolite, attapulgite) and in many other industrial applications. The estimated annual world production is presently 5.5 million tons of talc (1.8 million for Europe) and only in the United Kingdom about 3.5 million tons of kaolin.

"Toxicological Evaluations" are critically assessed data and recommendationsfor occupational safety officers, industrial hygienists, and human and animal toxicologists. They are compiled and constantly reviewed under internationally coordinated programms for establishing the risk potential of existing chemicals to prevent health hazards at the working place. Data for the following 61 chemicals have been published in the series: Acrylic acid, Benzalchloride, Benzotrichloride, Benzoylchloride, Benzylchloride, Bromoform, Butynediol, gamma-Butyrolactone, 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline, Chloro acetic acid methyl ester, Chloroacetamide, o-Chlorobenzotrichloride, p-Chlorobenzotrichloride, o-Chlorobenzotrifluoride, m-Chlorobenzotrifluoride, Chloroformic acid ethyl ester, 4-Chlorophenyl isocyanate, m-Cresidine, N, N'-Di-sec.-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone, 1,4-Dicyanobutane, Dicyclopentadiene, Diethanolamine, Diethylcarbamoyl chloride, Diethyliene glycol, Diglycidyl ether, Diisopropanolamine, Dimethyl therephthalate, 2,4-Dinitromethylaniline, Ethylene thiourea, 2-Ethylhexanal, 2-Ethylhexanol, Hydrazobenzene, Isopropyl ethylene glycol ether, Maleic acid dimethyl ester, Manganese dioxide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, Methoxyacetic acid, Methylbutadiene -1,3, 3-Methylbutanol-1, 2-Methylpropanol-1, 2-Methylpropene, Monochloroacetic acid, 1,5-Naphthalene diamine, 5-Nitro-2-aminotoluene, m-Nitroaniline, 5-Nitroanisidine, p-Nitrosophenol, Phenyl isocyanate, Phenylglycidyl ether, o-Phthalodinitrile, Propargyl alcohol Sodium hypochlorite, Therephthalic acid, Thiram, Tributyl phosphate, Triethanolamine, Triethylene tetramine, Trimethylphenyl-ammonium chloride, Trimethylquinone, Vinyl fluoride.

As part of its programme for the prevention of health hazards caused by industrial work substances, the Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie (BG Chemie) began in 1977 to investigate the toxicity of those substances which are widely used, have many different applications and are suspected of being dangerous to health, in particular of having long-term effects on health. It is hoped by means of this testing to close gaps in our knowledge and to increase the scientific validity of the required risk assessments. The results of the toxicological investigations carried out by BG Chemie, and the resulting substance assessments have been published in West Ger many since 1987 in the form of "Toxicological Evaluations". In order to make this useful information internationally available, the second volume (containing individual evalua tions of 15 substances) is now being published in English. The first volume containing individual evaluations of 19 substances was published in October 1990. Because of the short time between publishing volumes 1 and 2, printing of the "Introduction" (consisting of a general overview of the programme, lists with names of people involved as well as substances under investigation was abandoned in volume 2. If there more detailed information is required, see volume 1 or contact BG Chemie at first hand. The publication of further individual evaluations and, if necessary, reassess ments of previously published evaluations is planned.

More than 10 years ago, I had the chance to visit the university hospital in Munster, Germany. At the outpatient clinic there, I accidently met a young dermatologist who was devoted to the study of the quantification of irritated skin during his busy daily clinical work. I sensed immediately that this Dr. P. Frosch was conducting his research with the ideals and enthusiasm which were so familiar to me. Soon we found that we shared a similar past experience; we both had begun our careers in dermatological investigation with the same mentor. For me it was more than 25 years ago that I first met Dr. Kligman, Professor at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, USA. I reminisced that I had been greatly shocked by his initial question ''As a dermatologist, do you want to study living or dead skin?" because, at that time and even today, whenever we cannot collect enough information about the skin with the naked eye, it is invasively removed is common practice to histologically examine a skin sample that from living tissue. Many dermatologists still would never think of studying the living intact skin itself noninvasively with the aid of existing advanced technologies to assess its structural and functional properties. At that time Dr. Kligman intended to build up a system of evaluating the skin from various aspects, using methods that had been unduly neglected in the past and introducing various technological instruments.

The Third International \ orkshop on "The in Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts" was held on October 1 - 4, 1984 in Schluchsee, Black Forest, Federal Republic of Germany. In six sessions, 93 participants from 14 countries (USA 32, France 17, United Kingdom 12, FRG 11, Canada 9, Belgium 3, Hungary 1, Italy 2, India 1, Nether lands 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Portugal 1, Turkey 1) treated and discussed the following subjects: - Significance of the physico-chemical properties of inhalable mineral dusts (mine dusts, asbestos, Man-Made Mineral Fibres - MMMF). - Cellular effects of inhalable mineral dusts with special regard to target ce 11 s. - Immune response and immune toxicity. - Carcinogenicity and interrelated genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects. - Effect of cell metabolism in combination with inflammation and fibrogenesis. - Significance and credibility of in vitro test systems. For the pathogenesis of biological effects and diseases caused by inhalable mineral dusts a number of factors may be significant such as: - Type of dust - Dose of dust - Size and shape of dust particles, and especially - Surface properties of dust particles, which inter alia determine the - sorption properties, e.g. for environmental substances."

International cooperation on the health of seafarers began many years ago. As early as 1921, an international convention regarding this matter was presented to govern ments of maritime countries for ratification. The First World Health Assembly, in 1948, recommended that WHO should establish, with the International Labour Of fice, a Joint Committee on the hygiene of seafarers. The first session of this Com mittee, held in 1949, defined the problems affecting the health of seamen and made a number of recommendations. In the opinion of this Joint Committee, the health of seamen called for interna tional attention for a nu mb er of reasons. By the nature of his work, the seafarer is obliged to travel from country to country and is exposed to great variations of cli mate and also to any disease that may be prevalent in the port of call. He may there fore become a carrier of disease, so that the protection of his health is of importance not only to himself and the other members of the crew but also to the populations of other countries he visits. Yet, on account ofthe nature ofhis employment, it is diffi cult to provide the seafarer with the same standard of health care that is gene rally available to other sections of the population."

Advances in Controlled Clinical Inhalation Studies represents scientific work presented at the 3rd International Inhalation Symposium held 1991 in Hannover, FRG. The symposium covered the new developments in this field of research. The main pollutants of interest were acid aerosols, fog, and indoor pollutants, while with regard to biological effects, an emphasis was placed on immunotoxicological and biochemical parameters. Tests on high risk groups were also considered. Initial chapters describe the outdoor environment as well as indoor air, measurement and quality - both at home and in the workplace. Besides methods for clinical inhalation and assessing personal exposure, new methodologies are particularly presented. Further chapters focus on the relevance of clinical data for regulatory decisions.

Die Naturwissenschaften; Edward Arnold Co.; Research in Veterinary Science; Ltd.; Farm Mechanization and Buildings; Springer Verlag; The Ciba Foundation Ltd.; Journal of Agricultural Science; Journal of The Institute of Biology; The Lancet; The Reproduction and Fertility; Lea and Febiger; Physiological Society (G. B.); The Royal Masson et Cie, Paris; MacMillan Publishing Society; University of Chicago Press; Uni- Co., Inc.; National Academy of Science, versity of Rhodesia; Verhandlungen der U.S.; National Research Council of Canada; Deutschen Gesellschaft fur KreislautJorsch- Nature, London; North Holland Publishing ung; Waverly Press; and W. B. Saunders. Co.; Oxford University Press; Pergamon Press; Physiology and Behavior; Poultry D. L. INGRAM Science Association; Reinhold Publishing L. E. MOUNT Contents Preface Chapter 1 The Thermal Eml'ironment 1 Hot, Thermally Neutral, and Cold Environments 1 Development of Climatic Physiology 3 Physical Principles Chapter 2 Heat Exchange between Animal and Environment 5 Metabolic Heat and Its Dissipation 5 Body Temperature 6 Poikilotherm and Homeotherm 7 Heat Flow 8 Sensible Heat Transfer 9 Evaporative Heat Transfer 16 Calorimetry 21 Chapter 3 Metabolic Rate, Thermal Insolation, and the Assessment of Environment 24 Metabolic Rate and Heat Loss at High Temperatures 24 Thermal Conductance and Insulation 27 Evaporative Heat Loss 31 The Assessment of Thermal Environment 34 Responses of Different Species to High Temperatures 37 Physiological Mechanisms Chapter 4 Evaporative Heat Loss 39 Evaporative Loss from the Respiratory Tract 39 ix x Contents Conservation of Water Loss from the Respiratory 40 Tract in a Hot Dry Climate