This book is a collection of scientific papers presented at the XVIII International Congress of Aviation and Space Medicine held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, from 15-18 September 1969. It is dedicated to General E. de Vries and Dr. K. Vaan drager, President and Vice-President of the Congress, who wished that this unsur passed exchange of scientific information by distinguished authorities of the inter national aerospace medical community be made readily available to all as a valuable source of information. I am deeply grateful to the Congress Committee for honoring me with this editorship, to the authors for submitting generally excellent manuscripts and to the publisher for compiling a book of such high quality. This book contains both Main Theme papers, given by invited lecturers, and selected Free Communications at the Congress. Main Themes were 'physiology of atmospheric pressure' (papers by Ernsting, Meijne, Sluijter, Behnke), 'vestibular problems in aviation medicine' (papers by Melvill Jones, Benson, Oosterveld, Groen, Guedry and Benson, Brandt, Henriksson and Nilsson), 'aviation and cardiology' (papers by Blackburn, Wood) and 'space medicine' (paper by Berry). The Free Communications herein focus on many areas of continuing and timely interest to clinicians and investigators in aerospace medicine. Selection and health maintenance of pilots, medical problems in airline passengers, use of the centrifuge as a therapeutic device, and circadian rhythm effects on man's psychophysiological state receive particular attention."

This book is concerned with the psychological effects of unemployment. In writing it I had two main aims: (1) to describe theoretical approaches that are relevant to understanding unemployment effects; and (2) to present the re sults of studies from a program of research with which I have been closely involved over recent years. In order to meet these aims I have organized the book into two main parts. I discuss background research and theoretical approaches in the first half of the book, beginning with research concerned with the psychological effects of unemployment during the Great Depression and continuing through to a dis cussion of more recent contributions. I have not attempted to review the liter ature in fine detail. Instead, I refer to some of the landmark studies and to the main theoretical ideas that have been developed. This discussion takes us through theoretical approaches that have emerged from the study of work, employment, and unemployment to a consideration of wider frameworks that can also be applied to further our understanding of unemployment effects."

Air Pollution and Human Cancer analyzes the evidence for the possible contribution of air pollution to the origin of human cancer. Distinguished experts in various areas of cancer research report on: - air pollution and cancer: an old and a new problem; - sources, nature and levels of air pollutants; - measurement and monitoring of individual exposures; - experimental evidence for the carcinogenicity of air pollutants; - epidemiological evidence on air pollution and cancer; - cancer risk estimation and prevention.

Advances in Controlled Clinical Inhalation Studies represents scientific work presented at the 3rd International Inhalation Symposium held 1991 in Hannover, FRG. The symposium covered the new developments in this field of research. The main pollutants of interest were acid aerosols, fog, and indoor pollutants, while with regard to biological effects, an emphasis was placed on immunotoxicological and biochemical parameters. Tests on high risk groups were also considered. Initial chapters describe the outdoor environment as well as indoor air, measurement and quality - both at home and in the workplace. Besides methods for clinical inhalation and assessing personal exposure, new methodologies are particularly presented. Further chapters focus on the relevance of clinical data for regulatory decisions.

Toxicological Evaluations are critically assessed data and recommendations for occupational safety officers, industrial hygienists, and human and animal toxicologists. They are compiled and constantly reviewed under internationally coordinated programs for establishing the risk potential of existing chemicals to rpevent health hazards at the working place. In Volume 12, data for the following chemicals are published: Ethylenthiourea, N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, p-Nitrosophenol, Dichlorotoluene, 2,4-Dichlorotoluene, 3,4-Dichlorotoluene, Glyoxal, Chloracetyl chloride, Copper phthalocyanine, Dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea, Acetoacetanilide, Thiourea, 3,4-Dichlorobutene-1

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit, public foundation, was established in 1978 to advance the sciences of nutrition, toxicology, and food safety. ILSI promotes the resolution of health and safety issues in these areas by sponsoring research, conferences, publications, and educational programs. Through ILSI's programs, scientists from government, academia, and industry unite their efforts to resolve issues of critical importance to the public. As part of its commitment to understanding and resolving health and safety issues, ILSI is pleased to sponsor this series of monographs that consolidates new scientific knowledge, defines research needs, and provides a background for the effective application of scientific advances in toxicology and food safety. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Contents Series Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . xiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part I. Integrative Approach to Assessing Human Health Risk: Two Contemporary Problems Chapter 1. Integrating Diverse Data Sets to Assess the Risks of Airborne Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 R.o. McClellan, R.G. Cuddihy, w.e. Griffith, and J. L. Mauderly Chapter 2. Risk Assessment for Radon Inhalation Based on Animal Exposure Data and Human Epidemiology . . . . . . . 23 . F. Steinhausler Part II. Types of Evidence: General Strengths and Weaknesses Section 1. Epidemiological Chapter 3. Inhalation Hazards: The Interpretation of Epidemiologic Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . J.e. Bailar Chapter 4. Problems in Interpreting Epidemiological Data 49 P.N. Lee Section 2. Animal Chapter 5. Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies: Their Value and Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 . . . . . . . . . .

The Third International \ orkshop on "The in Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts" was held on October 1 - 4, 1984 in Schluchsee, Black Forest, Federal Republic of Germany. In six sessions, 93 participants from 14 countries (USA 32, France 17, United Kingdom 12, FRG 11, Canada 9, Belgium 3, Hungary 1, Italy 2, India 1, Nether lands 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Portugal 1, Turkey 1) treated and discussed the following subjects: - Significance of the physico-chemical properties of inhalable mineral dusts (mine dusts, asbestos, Man-Made Mineral Fibres - MMMF). - Cellular effects of inhalable mineral dusts with special regard to target ce 11 s. - Immune response and immune toxicity. - Carcinogenicity and interrelated genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects. - Effect of cell metabolism in combination with inflammation and fibrogenesis. - Significance and credibility of in vitro test systems. For the pathogenesis of biological effects and diseases caused by inhalable mineral dusts a number of factors may be significant such as: - Type of dust - Dose of dust - Size and shape of dust particles, and especially - Surface properties of dust particles, which inter alia determine the - sorption properties, e.g. for environmental substances."

The Dutch experience has influenced the debate on euthanasia and death with dignity around the globe, especially with regard to whether physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia should be legitimized or legalized. A review of the literature reveals complex and often contradictory views about the Dutch experience. Some claim that the Netherlands offers a model for the world to follow; others believe that the Netherlands represents danger, rather than promise, and that the Dutch experience is the definitive answer regarding why we should not make active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide part of our lives. Given these contradictory views, it has become clear that fieldwork is essential to developing a more informed opinion. Having investigated the Dutch experience for a number of years, and after thoroughly reading the vast literature published in English, I went to the Netherlands for one month in the summer of 1999 to get a feel for the local situation. I felt that this would provide the basis on which I could better interpret the findings of the available literature. I visited the major centers of medical ethics, as well as some research hospitals, and spoke with leading figures in the euthanasia policy and practice. The time spent was extremely beneficial and enriching. I followed in the footsteps of Carlos Gomez, who 1 published a book following one month of extensive research in the Netherlands.

All industrial countries have developed regulatory systems to assess and manage the risk of chemical substances to the working and natural environment. The pressure to harmonize these often specialized regulatory systems is increasingly strong at the international level. Such harmonization not only entails the assessment of particular chemicals, but also the way assessment procedures and their boundary with risk management is organized. As these initiatives intensify, they increasingly raise important questions of how to integrate national differences in the international regulatory arena. How will national consultation procedures relate to international decision-making on chemical risks? How will differences in national risk assessment procedures be accommodated? How will the international regulatory system be integrated with different national styles of regulation and government? Presenting the experiences and insights of both people from within the worlds of risk assessment and management and from the field of Science Studies, this book forms a state-of-the-art in the discussion on the Politics of Chemical Risk. By offering scenarios, or sketches of a regulatory future, it points to the choices that can be made and the opportunities to be explored. As such, it offers an agenda for environmental and occupational scientists, policy-makers and students of science and technology alike.

In 2000 OpdenKamp Registration & Notification organized a two-day symposium in The Hague, The Netherlands, on The Practical Applicability of Toxicokinetic Models in the Risk Assessment of Chemicals'. Several speakers from Europe and the United States were invited to present the different aspects. A vast range of areas was discussed in relation to toxicological modeling and risk assessment, such as occupational toxicology and biomonitoring, exposure to organic solvents and crop protection products, dose-response relations in carcinogenicity, regulatory toxicology, estimation of dermal penetration, uptake and disposition of organic chemicals in fish, the possibilities of in vitro methods in hazard and risk assessment, and the extrapolation between animal and human species. Based on their presentations, the speakers prepared comprehensive papers for this symposium book, reflecting the state of the art of modeling and toxicological risk assessment at the beginning of the third millennium.

PREFACE xv Il Y a une ou deux decennies les ingenieurs ont crn ou voulu faire croire que l'automatisation des systemes de production et de contrOle permettrait de s'affranchir entierement de ce maillon faillible que constitue l'Homme.On a meme vu une reunion scientifique se reunir sur Ie theme "L'homme element limitatif de l'utilisation des systemes d'armes." Dne telle attitude montre avant tout que 1'0n n'a pas su integrer l'utilisateur dans la conception du systeme considere. Elle consacre la faillite d'un concept. On est revenu a une notion plus realiste de la situation. En effet, meme dans les systemes dits "entierement automatises" on trouve toujours un ou plusieurs hommes, indispensables pour surveiller Ie deroulement du processus, intervenir lorsque se produit une defaillance, voire reprendre en main l'ensemble des operations lorsque survient un incident. Le developpement des automatismes modifie evidemment la tache de 1'0perateur. L'homme contribue moins directement a la production elle-meme, en ce sens qu'on n'exige plus de lui un effort physique. On lui confie, dans des conditions de travail encore inhabituelles et auxquelles il n'est pas specialement prepare, des systemes dont les couts sont tres eleves et qui risquent d'etre deteriores s'il commet la moindre faute. Sans compter les risques qu'il est alors susceptible de faire courir a ses concitoyens. Le bon sens reprenant le dessus, on s'interesse maintenant a la place de l'Homme confronte a ces situations qu'il rencontre de plus en plus frequemment dans l'industrie.

Nanotechnology is rapidly invading many aspects of modern society - from science, research and engineering to industrial and commercial applications and, inevitably, to man and his environment. One of the biggest challenges, therefore, is managing environmental, health and safety risks of nanomaterials. Yet, the information necessary to assess their long term effects is scarce. Systematic research into what potentially makes engineered nanomaterials hazardous, how this translates into risk, and how these can be managed will be vital and involves interdisciplinary collaboration.

The first International Symposium on Nanotechnology and Occupational Health, in 2004, brought together hygienists, manufacturers, toxicologists, materials scientists, regulators and researchers. It pointed the way to what needs to be done. The second International Symposium, 2005, Minneapolis, Minnesota, demonstrated the power and potential where there is a will: with nearly three times as many attendants, and with contributions from academics, industry, policymakers, non-government organizations and even lawyers, this second symposium established that, while there is international concern over how to ensure safe nanotech-workplaces, there is also progress being made in developing the required knowledge.

This volume, a reprint from a special issue of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research, mainly draws from work presented at the 2005 symposium, diverse but united by the need for a holistic view of nanotechnology and risk.

The International Section on Machine and System Safety was founded in 1975 to deal with questions on occupational risks in this ?eld at the inter- tional level. It is a member of the Special Commission on Prevention of the International Social Security Association (ISSA). The Special Commission is a body within ISSA that focuses on work-related risks. It has 11 inter- tional Sections as members. ISSA was founded in 1927 with its headquarters in Geneva. It is working worldwide in over 150 countries with nearly 370 member institutions from all ?elds of social security. TheSection on Machine and System Safety, when it was founded, had its focus on machine safety, particularly on the ma- facturing of safe machinery, on assisting developing countries to be able to buy safe used machinery, and on delivering clear operating instructions. Our members and partners are: * institutions for safety and health at work; * insurance companies dealing with work-related risks; * research institutions; and * various enterprises, e.g. manufacturers, importers and users of machines and systems/installations. We thus bring together the experiences of our members and partners. The role of the operators soon grew in importance, and their capability for ha- ling machinery became an important factor for the safety and success of enterprises. The growing importance and complexity of handling different man-machine-environment situations created new challenges and led to - larging the Section's tasks to machine and system safety.

This is an essential portable handbook on bioterrorism and disaster medicine. Its practical and comprehensive text features chapters pertinent to bioterrorism, infectious disease, microbiology, virology, public health, epidemiology, and disaster medicine. It will serve as a practical guide for situation-specific disasters; recognize what injuries or illnesses to expect; provide proactive guidelines to define specific diseases; and give a guide of appropriate personnel protective equipment during these large-scale emergencies. It is an essential companion to those either interested or currently working in any of the aforementioned fields.

From the time questions about the impact of wireless technology on public health were first raised in 1993 through the present, Wireless Technology Research, LLC (WTR) has been the largest independent surveillance and research program trying to identify and solve human health problems associated with wireless phones. In 1995 at the University "La Sapienza" of Rome, WTR sponsored the first comprehensive forum for the discussion of these issues. Papers from the 1995 State of the Science Colloquium were collected andpublished in Volume I ofthis series, Wireless Phones andHealth: Scientific Progress. This second volume assembles papers presented at WTR's Second State of the Science Colloquium in Long Beach, CA, in June 1999; it contains the most comprehensive research on the public health impact of wireless phones to date. The operating words for the proper understanding of these data are science and public health. Science is a tool for making public health decisions, but the framework in which we are operating is truly that of public health. We are looking for problems that have to do with wireless technology. We are trying to decide how this technology impacts on the public for one purpose and one purpose alone, and that purpose is to solve problems that are identified. I would like to challenge you, the reader, to suspend your parochial orientation as you consider these latest findings.

Pathology of Asbestos-Associated Diseases integrates the newest research and advances in its discussion of asbestos-induced diseases. Organized in 13 chapters, the book begins with background information on the mineralogy of asbestos, occupation and environmental exposure to asbestos, and asbestosis. A detailed discussion on mesothelioma includes a historical background, addresses etiologic considerations and epidemiology, pathologic features, differential diagnosis and treatment and prognosis. Guidelines for assessing and identifying asbestos-associated carcinomas of the lung, including histopathology and differential diagnosis, are discussed. The text also addresses the explosion of research in the area of molecular biology and the abundance of information bearing on the mechanisms by which asbestos causes disease. Chapters also cover cytopathology and experimental models of asbestos-related diseases. The diseases associated with asbestos have significant medico-legal implications, and there are two chapters dedicated to addressing the issue. More than 190 illustrations complement the text. An invaluable reference for the pathologist, pulmonologist, radiologist, and occupational medical practitioner interested in asbestos-related disease as well as malpractice attorneys needing an understanding of asbestos, the diseases it induces, prognosis and clinical implications.

Oxidative stress is one of the major symptoms accompanying physiological functions and numerous diseases. Oxidants and free radicals are connected with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, infectious, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and also in the aging process itself. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of oxidant and free radical production and the defence against this permanent threat to cells is important for the understanding of many physiological and pathophysiological processes. This book overviews the basic mechanisms of oxidant formation and antioxidant defences. In addition, the formation of oxidants and their detoxification, the damage of macromolecules and the major repair and removal systems will be highlighted.

Fundamentals of Frontline Surgery is an easy to read text, written by world class faculty, that provides clinicians with succinct and didactic information about what to do in high intensity, resource limited situations.With global conflicts and humanitarian emergencies on the rise, there has been a dramatic uptake in the number of volunteers for both military and humanitarian operations. This manual aids best practice and fast decision making in the field.

Many business leaders do not take care of their health. Each chapter of this interactive manual explores an aspect of the health and vitality of the modern business leader, and provides solutions based on up-to-date medical science and more than 20 years' experience at INSEAD with more than 75,000 corporate executives.

In this groundbreaking interdisciplinary work, the authors focus on organizational analysis to understand workplace wellbeing, deviating from previous research that mostly looks at the individual worker or intervention. In addressing the question of why workplace health and wellbeing practices initiatives fall short of delivering sustained improvements in worker wellbeing, this book moves beyond localized explanations of the failure of specific interventions. Instead, it creates theoretical frameworks that explain how wellbeing at work can be improved and sustained. The authors use evidence from systematic and comprehensive surveys of the literature as well as new empirical research, and present an explanatory framework of the processes through which organizations change to implement and accommodate workplace health and wellbeing practices. Learning, adaptation and continuation explain successful implementation of workplace health and wellbeing practices, while Gestalting, fracturing and grafting explain how organizations resolve or negotiate conflict between health and wellbeing practices and existing organizational procedures, systems and practices. In addition, the authors reflect on the implications for research of reframing the unit of analysis as the organization and how studies on workplace wellbeing practices can provide a conceptual platform for thinking about the way organizations can create social value in a broader sense. This book, authored by experts in their field, is a great resource for academics and professionals of organizational studies and of worker wellbeing across the social sciences, behavioural sciences, business and management courses, wellbeing research, and labour studies.

This authoritative text on occupational lung disorders builds upon the fundamentals, including clinical, epidemiological, and predictive approaches. It discusses interstitial and malignant diseases, airways diseases, and other respiratory issues, such as diving, working at high altitudes, and abnormal sleep conditions. It also covers related long-term conditions, such as asthma and COPD. This edition has been completely revised and brought up to date for all physicians dealing with pulmonary disorders caused by the environment or the workplace. Print Versions of this book also include access to the ebook version.

This book presents a broad overview of the many intersections between health and the environment that lie at the basis of the most crucial environmental health issues, focusing on the responses provided by international and EU law. Consistent with the One Health approach and moving from the relevant international and EU legal frameworks, the book addresses some of the most important issues of environmental health including the traditional, such as pollution of air, water and soil and related food safety issues, as well as new and emerging challenges, like those linked to climate change, antimicrobial resistance and electromagnetic fields. Applying an intersectoral and interdisciplinary approach, it also investigates other branches of international and EU law including human rights law, investment law, trade law, energy law and disaster law. The work also discusses ethics and intergenerational equity. Ultimately, the book assesses the degree of effectiveness of the international and EU normative framework, and the extent to which the relevant legal instruments contribute to the protection of public health from major environmental hazards. The book will be a valuable resource for students, academics and policy makers working in the areas of Environmental Health law, Global Health law, International law and EU law.

Bereits in der 5. Auflage erfolgreich! Sowohl Grundlagen der Tauchmedizin als auch Ergebnisse der experimentellen tauchmedizinischen Forschung werden behandelt. Die Probleme des Tieftauchens mit Gasgemischen, des Sporttauchens mit Luft im konventionellen Bereich und der stundenlangen UEberexposition der Caissonarbeiter in Tunneln werden abgehandelt. Seit 1985 wird bei Gasembolie, Dekompressionskrankheit des Gehirns/Ruckenmarks und Innenohrschaden die Behandlung mit hyperbarem Sauerstoff (HBO) angewandt; die Ergebnisse werden mit aussagekraftigen Zahlen belegt. Das Rechenmodell ZH-L8 ADT, bei Tauchcomputern der jungsten Generation in Anwendung, wird beschrieben. Ein aussagefahiger UEberblick uber praktische Tauchmedizin, experimentelle Forschung und Aufbau und Funktion von Dekompressionscomputern!

This book discriminates and emphasizes approaches that are likely to be productive in terms of understanding the causation and mechanisms of occupational lung diseases. It benefits research academicians in the field of lung diseases, and government and public health authorities.

"Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are the leading cause of worker impairment, disability, compensation costs and loss of productivity in industrialized countries. The aging of the workforce and the increased diffusion of physically demanding jobs contribute to the widespread concern about musculoskeletal disorders. The effective prevention of work related musculoskeletal disorders needs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing together experience from backgrounds in engineering, mechanics, physiology, occupational medicine and psychology; all considered in the context of ergonomics. This book is a collection of lectures on both back and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders presented at an International Course sponsored by the Nordic Institute for Advanced Training in Occupational Health (NIVA), and the University of Bologna in September 1999. The lectures were given by renowned international researchers on the subject and therefore the book provides a comprehensive overview of all critical issues related to musculoskeletal disorders at work. The book forms an update to the latest research in the field and will interest a wide range of professionals and researchers in ergonomics as well as in the fields from which the material is drawn. The book covers the main topics addressed in dealing with occupational ergonomics including: ""